This document outlines a lesson on writing coherent and organized paragraphs. It begins by defining the objectives of the lesson, which are to define coherence, identify techniques for achieving it, and write an essay demonstrating these techniques. It then discusses what makes a paragraph coherent through logical ordering, transitions, repetition, parallel structure, and conclusion. Examples are provided. Students are given an activity to arrange sentences into a coherent paragraph and assess a sample essay. For an enrichment activity, students are asked to write an essay about their own family culture applying the lesson's coherence techniques.

1. CREATIVE
NONFICTION
Lesson 8: Writing Coherent
& Organized Paragraphs

2. At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
1. define coherence as an element of writing;
2. identify effective techniques to achieve coherence in
writing;
3. write an essay about his family's culture using all of the
strategies learned to create coherent paragraphs.
Objectives

3. Lesson 8: Writing Coherent and
Organized
Paragraphs
Subject Matter

4. Prentice Hall. (2004). Grammar & Composition IV. Pearson
Education South Asia Pte Ltd.
Reference(s)

5. I.ACTIVATION OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Can you think of synonyms to the words Coherent and Organized? Fill in
the graphic organizer below.
COHERENT ORGANIZED

6. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
COHERENCE is integral in writing effective
paragraphs that is, the ideas are logically arranged
and smoothly connected for the reader in addition to
strong topic sentence, solid supporting information,
and unity of thought. Coherent paragraphs are
organized paragraphs.

7. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
HOW TO ACHIEVE COHERENCE IN
WRITING?

8. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
1. Using Logical Orders. Supporting information should follow a clear logical
order, such as order of importance, chronological order, spatial order,
comparison-and-contrast order, or developmental order.
a. Order of importance – organizes ideas from least significant to most significant.
b. Chronological order – or time order, presents events in the order of their
occurrence and is useful for relating incidents or explaining how something is done.
c. Spatial order – arranges details by their locations; it functions well in descriptions.
d. Comparison-Contrast order -- organizes details and ideas according to
similarities and differences.
e. Developmental order – simply develops out of a particular topic sentence and
presents information according to an order mentioned in that topic sentence or
according to the writer’s logical pattern of thought about the main idea. When other
orders do not fit, you can use developmental order.

9. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
2. Using Transitions and Other Connecting Words. Transitions,
coordinating words, and subordinating words clarify the order of ideas
and connect them smoothly.

10. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE

11. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
3. Use of Repetition, Synonyms, and Consistent Pronouns. Repetition of
main words and the use of synonyms and consistent pronouns also aid
coherence.
Example:
My lolo, on the other hand, is a bit authoritarian. He was unquestionably the
man of the house and the family. He was held in high regard by everyone. He was
also well-liked in the community. If my lolo taught me anything, it would be mostly life
lessons. He would inadvertently but generously share bits of wisdom based on his
own life experiences with us. He was also an excellent storyteller. He would usually
tell us about his experiences during World War II and tales of the supernatural, and his
spooky stories would pique our interest as children. My cousins and I would crowd
around him with wide eyes and attentive ears, engrossed in his stories. My lolo
always made me feel safe and secure.

12. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
4. Using Parallelism and Concluding Sentences. Parallel
structures and a concluding sentence can tie together related ideas
in a paragraph.
a.The use of similar grammatical structures (Example: It was my father
who trained me in most of the household chores of cooking rice, sewing
clothes and cleaning the house regularly.) *Gerund phrases as object
of the preposition of

13. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
b. A concluding sentence or a final sentence that echoes the main idea,
summarizes the details, or adds a closing thought
Example:
Introduction: All that I am is mostly the result of my experiences and the way I
was raised by my family and “significant others” who have had
a substantial impact on my life.
Conclusion: If there is a road map to getting to know someone, I believe
understanding one's family is it. This is also true for
me; my family is the one that shaped me into the person I am today. They are the
primary movers and shakers in my life to whom I owe much.

14. II. ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE
5. Correcting Illogical Order and Poor Connections. Recognize and correct
faulty coherence caused by an illogical order of ideas or the absence of
connecting devices.
Example:
My aunts would normally perform the cooking and food
preparations, while my cousins and I would play the roles of errand boys
and girls, as well as dishwashers. Meanwhile, in the terrace, my other
aunts and uncles delightfully played mahjong. My lolas, on the
other hand, would play a card game called forty-one with their friends.

15. III. APPLICATION
Achieving Coherence. The following sentences can be arranged to form a coherent paragraph. Decide
on the best order for the sentences by recognizing introductory statements, the topic sentence, and a
logical order for the supporting ideas. Write letters A-F on the space before each number.
_______ 1. First, it failed to explain why the different planets travel at different angles and at different
speeds in relation to each other and to the sun.
_______ 2. French astronomer Pierre de Laplace and German metaphysicist Immanuel Kant
maintained that the planets in our solar system were formed from a central nebula.
_______3. Third, and most obvious to critics of the theory, a planet as massive as Jupiter could not
have been spread out as a thin ring of matter surrounding the sun, because it would
have been impossible for that thin stream to have contracted into a huge spherical body.
_______4. Because of three major drawbacks, however, critics of the theory found it incomplete and
imperfect.
_______5. Second, centrifugal force alone would not have the power to propel rings of matter outward
into space.
_______6. According to this theory, as the nebula began to rotate, it threw off rings of matter
centrifugally, and each of these rings then contracted gravitationally to form the different
planets.

16. IV. ASSESSMENT
A. Exercise. You are about to read an essay describing a person’s family culture. Go over
the questions below. Then, answer them after you have read the essay. You may write
your answers 1 whole sheet of paper.
1. What is the title of the essay? Is it a good title? Why or why not?
2. How long is the introduction?
3. Is the introduction an effective preparation for the rest of the essay? If so, why? If not, why not?
4. What is the writer’s purpose throughout the essay?
5. What audience did the writer seem to have in mind? What tone does the writer establish?
6. What is the thesis statement? What, if any, subtopics does it explicitly mention?
7. How many body paragraphs does the essay have? What is the topic sentence of each body
paragraph?
8. List two pieces of supporting information presented in each of the body paragraphs. How does this
information help develop the main point of the essay?
9. How long is the conclusion?
10.How does the conclusion remind the reader of the thesis statement? Does the conclusion
satisfactorily complete the essay?

17. IV. ASSESSMENT
You can read the essay Decoding Me on this link:
https://bit.ly/cnflesson8

18. IV. ASSESSMENT
A. Enrichment. How about you, what is your family culture? Are you
aware of it? How were you brought up? What beliefs or traditions
your family keep/observe?
Write an essay of not less than 1000 words about your
family culture. Apply all the techniques you have
learned in this lesson to make your writing coherent
and organized. You may use a computer and have it
printed, or you may handwrite it legibly and neatly in a
yellow pad paper. Provide a title for your work.

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