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Presenter: Irina Cuzminih, SPU “Ion
Creanga”, Moldova,Chisinau – 2008
Title of a story
The title may focus the

readers attention on the
central character, or may
give a clue to the authors
purpose or basic idea.

Direct
Metaphorical
Combined
Theme
Main idea or message an author wishes to share
The “moral” of the story
Novels often have more than one theme
Rarely stated directly. The reader has to interpret.
Setting

the time, place and period in which the
action takes place.

The Catcher in the
Rye:New York,
1940s

Lord of the Flies:
deserted island, the
future.

The Bean Trees:
Arizona/Oklahoma
1980s.

Setting: can establish the atmosphere of a work.
Plot
Chain of related event that make up

the story.
Plot centers on at least one major
problem or conflict.
Climax (conflict and tension reach a
peak, and characters realize their
mistake, etc.)
Rising
Action
(conflict and
suspense
build through
a series of
events).

Exposition =
Introduction
(characters
and setting are
introduced.)

Falling Action
(conflict gets worked
out and tensions
lessen.)

Resolution
(conflict is
resolved and
themes are
established.)
Plot
Exposition: Introductory material giving setting, tone,

characters
Rising Action: series of complications leading up to the
climax
Conflict: Person vs…Person, Nature, Society, Supernatural,
Self
Crisis/Climax: Turning point in the conflict—moment of
highest interest and/or emotion
Falling Action: Events after the climax which close the
story.
Resolution (Denouement): Concludes the action
Characters
People who take part in the story!!
Main
Characters
Characters
who the
events of the
story center
around.
Minor
Characters
Less important
characters.
The story does
not revolve
around them.
Protagonist
The “good

guy.” The
leading
character in a
particular
story.
Antagonist
The “bad guy.”

The character
who strives
against the
protagonist.
Conflict
The major problem in a story.
Internal


person vs. self

External

person vs. person
 person vs. society
 person vs. nature
 person vs. machine
 person vs. religion


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Literary Text Analysis: Basics

  • 1. Presenter: Irina Cuzminih, SPU “Ion Creanga”, Moldova,Chisinau – 2008
  • 2. Title of a story The title may focus the readers attention on the central character, or may give a clue to the authors purpose or basic idea. Direct Metaphorical Combined
  • 3. Theme Main idea or message an author wishes to share The “moral” of the story Novels often have more than one theme Rarely stated directly. The reader has to interpret.
  • 4. Setting the time, place and period in which the action takes place. The Catcher in the Rye:New York, 1940s Lord of the Flies: deserted island, the future. The Bean Trees: Arizona/Oklahoma 1980s. Setting: can establish the atmosphere of a work.
  • 5. Plot Chain of related event that make up the story. Plot centers on at least one major problem or conflict.
  • 6. Climax (conflict and tension reach a peak, and characters realize their mistake, etc.) Rising Action (conflict and suspense build through a series of events). Exposition = Introduction (characters and setting are introduced.) Falling Action (conflict gets worked out and tensions lessen.) Resolution (conflict is resolved and themes are established.)
  • 7. Plot Exposition: Introductory material giving setting, tone, characters Rising Action: series of complications leading up to the climax Conflict: Person vs…Person, Nature, Society, Supernatural, Self Crisis/Climax: Turning point in the conflict—moment of highest interest and/or emotion Falling Action: Events after the climax which close the story. Resolution (Denouement): Concludes the action
  • 8. Characters People who take part in the story!!
  • 12. Antagonist The “bad guy.” The character who strives against the protagonist.
  • 13. Conflict The major problem in a story. Internal  person vs. self External person vs. person  person vs. society  person vs. nature  person vs. machine  person vs. religion 