For my PowerPoint presentation

1. Properties of a
Well-written Text

2. Knowing the parts of the paragraph and
the essay will help you form the framework
of your composition, and knowledge of the
aspects that make a well-written text will
enable you to ensure the quality of your
work.

3. 1. Organization
Strong organization constitutes proper
paragraphing and logical order of
presentation of ideas. Paragraphing is
dividing a text into paragraphs. Ostrom
(1978) averred that it is a way of making
visible to the reader the stages in the
writer’s thinking.

4. Organization is achieved when ideas
are logically and accurately arranged.
Knowledge of the parts of a
composition is a great help in
adhering to the correct organization of
ideas. The sentences within the
paragraph must also be organized
logically.

5. Text without Organization
Thomas Edison was simply the one who created the
first commercially viable light bulb. It is widely believed
that he invented the light bulb. What made Edison’s light
bulb successful was his use of carbonized bamboo as the
filament. This made the bulb last longer and it was cheap
enough to be available for the masses. He only improved
on previous works of inventors who also worked on the
same project.

6. Text with Organization
Although it is widely believed that Thomas Edison
invented the light bulb, in reality he was simply the one
who created the first commercially viable light bulb.
Along with his team, Edison improved the previous works
of inventors who also worked on the same project.
Compared to previous versions, what made his light bulb
successful was his use of carbonized bamboo as the
filament. This made the bulb last longer and was cheap
enough to be available for the masses.

8. There are ‘basics’ to a well-organized paragraph.
First, each paragraph must be built around a single idea
termed as the “controlling idea”. Next, create a topic
sentence which is generally written as opening
sentence of the paragraph. Then an appropriate
technique from a variety of ways of developing a
paragraph must be employed to develop the topic
sentence /key idea. Finally, in order to achieve unity,
appropriate connectives between and within
paragraphs must be used.

9. KINDS OF ORDER

10. Chronological Order
Chronological or Time Order is based on time,
e.g., from the earliest time to the latest time as in
a narrative or from the first stage to the last stage
as in the a process explanations.
Example
Dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, dusk, evening
Palaeolithic Period (old stone age), Middle Stone Age,
New Stone Age

11. Geographical, Spatial or Space Order
Order that is based on space (place, location. Or
position)
oLuzon, Visayas, Mindanao
oHorns, head, tail of cattle
oBackground, middle ground, foreground
oBasement, ground floor, second floor, third floor…
oCore, mantle, crust

12. Logical Order
Order that is based on logical reasoning
• Cause-effect, proof-conclusion
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication
• Failure – poor study habits

13. Enumerative Order
Order that is usually used in a list
or an enumeration of items
•Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo
•1,2,3,4,5
•5,4,3,2,1

14. Write the kind of order (chronological, spatial, logical,
enumerative)
1.The parts of earth (crust, mantle, core) in a
descriptive article
2.The stages in the life cycle of a butterfly
3.The cause and effects of drug addiction in
an expository article
4.The vocabulary items listed in a glossary
5.The regions of the archipelago in a
description of the Philippines.

15. 6.The events in the movie Harry Potter.
7.The books listed in a bibliography
8.The successive items proceeding from the
simplest to the most complex
9.The topics listed in the index of a book
10.Fire- destruction of lives and properties.

16. Arrange the given words or ideas accordingly.
1.preparing materials, setting the
table, cooking, serving
2.Child, toddler, neonate, infant
3.Rainfall, precipitation, evaporation,
condensation

17. 2. Coherence and Cohesion
Coherence and cohesion are two basic features
that facilitate textual continuity. Coherence refers
to the rhetorical aspects of your writing, which
include developing and supporting your
argument, synthesizing and integrating readings,
organizing and clarifying ideas. Cohesion of
writing is focused on the “grammatical” aspects
of writing.

18. Coherence
Coherence occurs when ideas are connected
at the conceptual or idea level. It can be seen
through well-defended arguments and
organized points.

19. Cohesion
Is the connection of ideas at the
sentence level. It can be readily seen in
a text through the smooth flow of the
sentences and the connection of the
ideas. Cohesion can be applied using
three techniques.

20. The first one is through the use of
pronouns to refrain from using a specific
word repeatedly. The second technique is
through the use of transitional devices to
connect sentences with linked ideas. The
last technique employs a repetition of
keywords to tie up the paragraph subtly.

21. Example
John proposed to marry Marsha
because he loved her so much;
consequently she accepted his
proposal and the two hugged
each other.

22. Choose a topic and develop it. Make sure to make
it coherent and cohesive.
1. ten years from now, I will build
my dream house.
2. I am proud of my hometown.
3. We all have a special friend, our
best friend.

23. Transitional Devices
Additive words
and, also, besides, moreover, furthermore, in
addition, additionally, too
Comparison
Also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
Concession
granted, naturally, of course

24. Contrast
although, and yet, at the same time, but at the
same time, despite that,
Emphasis
certainly, indeed, in fact, of course

25. Notice how the paragraph seems
disjointed, and that it is difficult to
follow the writer’s point. Rewrite
the paragraph making it more
coherent. Use appropriate
transitional expressions.

26. The Human Resources department is
developing a plan to increase employee
retention. Three employees resigned from the
accounting department last month. We had to
hire temporary staff to fill the positions until
new accounting staff could be hired. Many
important accounting tasks went unfinished.
Employee retention has become a top priority
for Human Resources.

29. As a writer, it is important not only to think about what
you say, but how you say it. To communicate effectively, it
is not enough to have well organized ideas expressed in
complete and coherent sentences and paragraphs. One
must also think about the style, tone and clarity of his/her
writing, and adapt these elements to the reading
audience. Again, analyzing one's audience and purpose is
the key to writing effectiveness. In order to choose the
most effective language, the writer must consider the
objective of the document, the context in which it is being
written, and who will be reading it.

30. 3. Language Use
Language Use and Word Choice – appropriateness of word /
vocabulary usage
*Use clear and concise sentences. Use precise vocabulary
*Avoid redundancies, wordiness, clichés, and high falutin
language.
*Avoid excessive use of there and it structures.
*Be consistent with pronouns
*Avoid sexist language.

31. On appropriate Language
1. Levels of Formality
writing in a style that your audience expects and that fits
your purpose is key to successful writing.
2. In-Group jargon
jargon refers to specialized language used by groups of
like-minded individuals. Only use in-group jargon when
you are writing for members of that group. You should
never use jargon for a general audience without first
explaining it.

32. 3.Slang and idiomatic expressions
avoid using slang or idiomatic expressions in
general academic writing.
4. Deceitful language and euphemisms
avoid using euphemisms and deceitful language.
5. Biased language
avoid using any biased language including
language with a racial, ethnic group or gender bias,
or language that is stereotypical.

33. 4. Mechanics
Mechanics describe the technical aspects of
writing. It specifies the established conventions
for words that you use ; spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, etc. This element is as important as
well-developed story lines. A piece of writing
must look worth reading such that it is not hard to
figure out what you are trying to say.

34. Orthography focuses on the study of the writing
system of a language. Orthographer determines
how words are to be spelled, when they are to be
spelled in full or not, what punctuation marks are
to be used, whether compounds are to be
hyphenated, spaced, or not and so on.

35. Capitalization
Rule 1: Capitalize the abbreviations A.D.
and B.C. , the pronoun I and the
interjection O.
Ex. 1001 B.C.
A.D. 2000
O Lord
O Master

36. Rule 2: Capitalize the first word of the
sentence , a direct quotation , and a line of
poetry.
Example: It is a very painful experience.
“Come, let me help you,” says the good
Samaritan.
When my word crumbles, Sun hides. It is a
long night; I run and turn no more. (JSB)

37. Rule 3: Capitalize proper noun and
proper adjective.
Proper Noun: America, England
Adjective: American pie, English
book

38. Rule 4: In a Geographical name, capitalize the
first letter of each word except articles and
prepositions.
Continents: Australia, Africa, Asia
Bodies of Water: Atlantic Ocean, Pasig River, the
Strait of Magellan
Land forms: the Rocky Mountains,
Chocolate Hills
Political Units: The Department of Education,
Democratic Party Public Areas: Rizal Park, Manila Zoo
Roads and Highways: National Highway, Pioneer
Avenue, Michigan

39. Rule 5: Capitalize the names of Languages,
races, nationalities, and religions and the
adjectives formed from them.
the Caucasian tradition Roman Catholic
Chinese the Spanish dances the
the Bible Baptist
Jew Japanese products
Islam Russian

40. Rule 6: Capitalize important words in the
names of organizations, buildings, firms,
schools, churches, and other institutions.
Capitalize an article (a, an, the) only if it appears
as the first word in a name.
University of the Philippines
Dole Philippines, Inc.
St. Elizabeth Hospital
Alliance Church

41. Rule 7: Capitalize words that show rank, office, or
profession, when they are used with the person’s name.
Dean Benitez Sister Regie,O.P
Doctor Vicente Judge Oco
Aunt Roberta Father Micheal
Reverend Banares Chief Hernia
Attorney Reyes

42. The titles of high official are capitalized even
they are used without the official name.
the President of the Philippines
the Governor
the Prime Minister
the Bishop

43. Rule 8: Capitalize the first word and every important
word in the titles of books, stories, articles, poems,
films, works of art, and musical compositions. The
only words considered as not important are
conjunctions, articles (a, an, the), the prepositions
containing fewer than five letters. These are
capitalized when used as the first word in the title.
(work of art) The Last Supper
(book) How to win Friends and Influence
People
(poem) Beyond Forgetting
(music) Somewhere Down the Road

44. Rule 9: Capitalize all words referring to the
Deity, the Holy Family, and religious
scriptures.
God
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
the Virgin Mary
Jehovah, Allah, the Bible, the Gospel,
the Torah, the Koran

45. Rule 10: Capitalize the names of days of
the week, of months, and of holidays. Do
not capitalize the names of the seasons.
Tuesday March Christmas Day
Labor Day

46. Rule 11: Capitalize the names of
historical events, documents, and
periods.
Independence Day
the Middle Ages
Elizabeth Era

47. Abbreviations
Rule 1: Never begin a sentence with an
abbreviation unless the said abbreviation
represents a courtesy title.
A. the television channel is blurred.
The t.v. channel is blurred.
B. Dr. Joffry Ang is at the ER.

48. Rule 2: Do not abbreviate company
names but abbreviations are allowed if
they comprise their official names.
A. JD Food Products
B. Polytech Bags Inc.
C. Philippine Airlines

49. Rule 3: Dates ( days and months) re not
abbreviated in sentences. Months should
not be abbreviated in government or
military correspondences.
A. the seminar is on Saturday, October 4,
2018.
B. December 16, 2015 (General Business –
letter dateline)
C. 16 December 2015 (Military Dateline)

50. Rule 4: Latin words and phrases used in
general writing are abbreviated.
A. etc. (et cetera) and others; and so
forth
B. e.g. (exempli gratia) for example
C. i.e. (id est) that is

51. Rule 5: Plural abbreviations may be
formed by adding –s or ‘s
A. PhDs
B. CPAs
C. Figs. 1 and 2
D. Nos. 3 and 4

52. Rule 6: Abbreviations and acronym of
government agencies, military units and
corporate names are capitalized.
A. FBI
B. NSO
C. PAGASA
D. PAGIBIG

53. What is point of view?
Point of view is the writer’s way of
deciding who is telling the story to
whom. Establishing a clear point of view is
important because it dictates how your reader
interprets characters, events, and other
important details. There are three kinds of point
of view: first person, second person, and third
person.

54. First-person point of view
In first-person point of view, the reader
accesses the story through one person. It’s like
reading the main character’s diary. You will
notice pronouns like I, me/my, we, us, or our in
first-person writing. This limits the scope of what
a reader can know about other characters, but it
is truest to how we live our lives.

55. Second-person point of view
Second-person point of view uses the pronoun you. This
point of view establishes the reader as the protagonist or
main character. It is the most difficult point of view to
maintain in a longer piece of creative writing. As a writer, you
want your reader to be engrossed, engaged, and enthralled
but . . . involved? There is a time and place for second person,
such as nonfiction, advertising, immersive stories, and this
blog post. There are some examples of second-person point
of view in novels, which we’ll explore later in this article. Just
know that it’s the most challenging and least-often-used
point of view in fiction.

56. Third-person point of view
In third-person point of view, the narrator has the ability to
know everything. You’ll see the pronouns he/his, she/her,
they/them/their, and it/its in third-person point of view. This
point of view allows for the greatest flexibility and also
creates the most complexity.