Cmc chapter 23

Chapter Menu The Chemistry of Life Section 23.1 Proteins Section 23.2 Carbohydrates Section 23.3 Lipids Section 23.4 Nucleic Acids Section 23.5 Metabolism Exit Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides.

Section 23-1 Section 23.1 Proteins ,[object Object],polymer: large molecules composed of many repeating units called monomers ,[object Object]

Section 23-1 Section 23.1 Proteins (cont.) protein amino acid peptide bond peptide Proteins perform essential functions, including regulation of chemical reactions, structural support, transport of materials, and muscle contractions. denaturation enzyme substrate active site

Section 23-1 Protein Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-1 Protein Structure (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 23-1 Protein Structure (cont.)

Section 23-1 Protein Structure (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-1 The Many Functions of Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-1 The Many Functions of Proteins (cont.)

Section 23-1 The Many Functions of Proteins (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 23-1 The Many Functions of Proteins (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-1 Section 23.1 Assessment Which best describes a protein? A. a building block B. a biological polymer C. an enzyme D. a catalyst

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-1 Section 23.1 Assessment Amino acids in a protein are linked together by ____. A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. peptide bonds D. temporary dipole

Section 23-2 Section 23.2 Carbohydrates ,[object Object],stereoisomers: a class of isomers whose atoms are bonded in the same order but are arranged differently in space ,[object Object]

Section 23-2 Section 23.2 Carbohydrates (cont.) carbohydrate monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide Carbohydrates provide energy and structural material for living things.

Section 23-2 Kinds of Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-2 Kinds of Carbohydrates (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-2 Kinds of Carbohydrates (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 23-2 Kinds of Carbohydrates (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-2 Section 23.2 Assessment Carbohydrates contain which two functional groups? A. amine and hydroxyl B. carbonyl and amide C. carbonyl and aldehyde D. hydroxyl and carbonyl

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-2 Section 23.2 Assessment Which of the following is considered a monosaccharide? A. glucose B. glycogen C. starch D. cellulose

Section 23-3 Section 23.3 Lipids ,[object Object],nonpolar: without separate positive and negative areas or dipoles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-3 Section 23.3 Lipids (cont.) lipid fatty acid triglyceride saponification Lipids make cell membranes, store energy, and regulate cellular processes. phospholipid wax steroid

Section 23-3 What is a lipid? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-3 What is a lipid? (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-3 What is a lipid? (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-3 Section 23.3 Assessment A triglyceride in which a fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group is a ____. A. wax B. phospholipid C. steroid D. fatty acid

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-3 Section 23.3 Assessment Fatty acids, the building blocks of lipids, are composed of what? A. triglycerides B. steroids C. amides D. long-chain carboxylic acids

Section 23-4 Section 23.4 Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],genetic information: an inherited sequence of RNA or DNA that causes traits or characteristics to pass from one generation to the next nucleic acid nucleotide ,[object Object],[object Object],Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

Section 23-4 Structure of Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 Structure of Nucleic Acids (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 DNA: The Double Helix ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 DNA: The Double Helix (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 DNA: The Double Helix (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 DNA: The Double Helix (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-4 RNA (cont.) ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-4 Section 23.4 Assessment Which is NOT part of a nucleotide? A. nitrogenous base B. lipid C. phosphate group D. sugar

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-4 Section 23.4 Assessment Which is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA? A. DNA is a double helix; RNA a single strand. B. DNA is a nucleic acid; RNA is not. C. DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil. D. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose sugar.

Section 23-5 Section 23.5 Metabolism ,[object Object],redox process: a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Section 23.5 Metabolism (cont.) metabolism catabolism anabolism ATP Metabolism involves many thousands of reactions in living cells. photosynthesis cellular respiration fermentation

Section 23-5 Anabolism and Catabolism ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Anabolism and Catabolism (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Anabolism and Catabolism (cont.)

Section 23-5 Anabolism and Catabolism (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 23-5 Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Cellular Respiration ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Fermentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Fermentation (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 23-5 Fermentation (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-5 Section 23.5 Assessment Which process is the major energy-producing process in living organisms? A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. alcoholic fermentation D. lactic acid fermentation

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 23-5 Section 23.5 Assessment What process breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen? A. anabolism B. catabolism C. cellular respiration D. fermentation

Resources Menu Chemistry Online Study Guide Chapter Assessment Standardized Test Practice Image Bank Concepts in Motion

Study Guide 1 Section 23.1 Proteins Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 2 Section 23.2 Carbohydrates Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 3 Section 23.3 Lipids Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 4 Section 23.4 Nucleic Acids Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 5 Section 23.5 Metablism Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 1 What are biological polymers made of amino acid monomers called? A. enzymes B. peptides C. nucleotides D. proteins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 2 Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups are found in which group? A. lipids B. fatty acids C. carbohydrates D. proteins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 3 Cell membranes are usually made of what? A. fatty acids B. cellulose C. triglycerides D. phospholipids

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 4 Nucleotides are the monomers of what biological polymer? A. nucleic acid B. nitrogenous bases C. polysaccharides D. polypeptides

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 5 Energy from sunlight is harnessed by which process? A. alcoholic fermentation B. cellular respiration C. photosynthesis D. catabolism

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 1 Which of the following is NOT true about cellulose? A. It is a polysaccharide. B. It is easily digestible by humans. C. It is produced by plants. D. It is a carbohydrate.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 2 Which of the following is NOT true about DNA? A. DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine. B. DNA is usually double stranded. C. DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil. D. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 3 What is the condensed structural formula of 1-pentanol? A. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 OH B. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 COOH C. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH=O D. CH 2 -O-(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 4 What is the oxidation number of Zn in Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ? A. +2 B. +3 C. +5 D. +6

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 5 Glucose is considered a ____. A. simple sugar B. polysaccharide C. fatty acid D. nucleotide

IB Menu Click on an image to enlarge.

CIM Table 23.1 Amino Acid Examples Figure 23.21 The Structure of DNA

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Cmc chapter 23

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Cmc chapter 23