Cmc chapter 12

Chapter Menu States of Matter Section 12.1 Gases Section 12.2 Forces of Attraction Section 12.3 Liquids and Solids Section 12.4 Phase Changes Exit Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides.

Section 12-1 Section 12.1 Gases ,[object Object],kinetic energy: energy due to motion ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Section 12.1 Gases (cont.) kinetic-molecular theory elastic collision temperature diffusion Graham’s law of effusion Gases expand, diffuse, exert pressure, and can be compressed because they are in a low density state consisting of tiny, constantly-moving particles. pressure barometer pascal atmosphere Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Section 12-1 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Explaining the Behavior of Gases ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Explaining the Behavior of Gases (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Explaining the Behavior of Gases (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure (cont.)

Section 12-1 Gas Pressure (cont.) P total = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 +... P n ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-1 Section 12.1 Assessment The average of kinetic energy of particles in a substance is measured by its ____. A. mass B. density C. temperature D. pressure

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-1 Section 12.1 Assessment One mole of oxygen in a 5.0 liter container has the same partial pressure as one mol of hydrogen in the same container. This is a demonstration of what law? A. law of conservation of mass B. law of definite proportions C. law of conservation of energy D. Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Section 12-2 Section 12.2 Forces of Attraction ,[object Object],polar covalent: a type of bond that forms when electrons are not shared equally dispersion force dipole-dipole force hydrogen bond ,[object Object],Intermolecular forces—including dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds—determine a substance’s state at a given temperature.

Section 12-2 Intermolecular Forces ,[object Object]

Section 12-2 Intermolecular Forces (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 12-2 Intermolecular Forces (cont.)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-2 Section 12.2 Assessment A hydrogen bond is a type of ____. A. dispersion force B. ionic bond C. covalent bond D. dipole-dipole force

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-2 Section 12.2 Assessment Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds? A. CO 2 B. C 2 H 6 C. NH 3 D. H 2

Section 12-3 Section 12.3 Liquids and Solids ,[object Object],meniscus: the curved surface of a column of liquid ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Section 12.3 Liquids and Solids (cont.) viscosity surface tension surfactant crystalline solid The particles in solids and liquids have a limited range of motion and are not easily compressed. unit cell allotrope amorphous solid

Section 12-3 Liquids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Liquids (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Liquids (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Liquids (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Solids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-3 Solids (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 12-3 Solids (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-3 Section 12.3 Assessment The smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal that has the same pattern as the crystal is called ____. A. crystal lattice B. unit cell C. crystalline D. geometric cell

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-3 Section 12.3 Assessment The viscosity of a liquid will increase as: A. particle size decreases B. temperature decreases C. intermolecular forces decrease D. particle size increases

Section 12-4 Section 12.4 Phase Changes ,[object Object],phase change: a change from one state of matter to another ,[object Object]

Section 12-4 Section 12.4 Phase Changes (cont.) melting point vaporization evaporation vapor pressure boiling point Matter changes phase when energy is added or removed. freezing point condensation deposition phase diagram triple point

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Require Energy ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Require Energy (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Require Energy (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Require Energy (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Release Energy ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Changes That Release Energy (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Diagrams ,[object Object]

Section 12-4 Phase Diagrams (cont.) ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-4 Section 12.4 Assessment The addition of energy to water molecules will cause them to ____. A. freeze B. change to water vapor C. form a crystal lattice D. move closer together

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 12-4 Section 12.4 Assessment The transfer of energy from one object to another at a lower temperature is ____. A. heat B. degrees C. conductivity D. electricity

Resources Menu Chemistry Online Study Guide Chapter Assessment Standardized Test Practice Image Bank Concepts in Motion

Study Guide 1 Section 12.1 Gases Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 2 Section 12.2 Forces of Attraction Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 3 Section 12.3 Liquids and Solids Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 4 Section 12.4 Phase Changes Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 1 760 mm Hg is equal to ____. A. 1 Torr B. 1 pascal C. 1 kilopascal D. 1 atmosphere

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 2 A collision in which no kinetic energy is lost is a(n) ____ collision. A. net-zero B. elastic C. inelastic D. conserved

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 3 Solids with no repeating pattern are ____. A. ionic B. crystalline C. liquids D. amorphous

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 4 What is the point at which all six phase changes can occur? A. the melting point B. the boiling point C. the critical point D. the triple point

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 5 What are the forces that determine a substance’s physical properties? A. intermolecular forces B. intramolecular forces C. internal forces D. dispersal forces

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 1 What do effusion rates depend on? A. temperature of the gas B. temperature and pressure of the gas C. molar mass of the gas D. molar mass and temperature of the gas

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 2 A sealed flask contains helium, argon, and nitrogen gas. If the total pressure is 7.5 atm, the partial pressure of helium is 2.4 atm and the partial pressure of nitrogen is 3.7 atm, what is the partial pressure of argon? A. 1.3 atm B. 6.1 atm C. 1.4 atm D. 7.5 atm

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 3 Adding energy to a liquid will: A. cause it to form crystal lattice B. decrease the viscosity C. compress the particles closer together D. increase the velocity of the particles

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 4 Hydrogen bonds are a special type of ____. A. ionic bond B. covalent bond C. dipole-dipole force D. dispersion force

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 5 How many atoms of oxygen are present in 3.5 mol of water? A. 2.1 x 10 24 B. 3.5 x 10 23 C. 6.02 x 10 23 D. 4.2 x 10 24

IB Menu Click on an image to enlarge.

CIM Table 12.4 Unit Cells Table 12.5 Types of Crystalline Solids Figure 12.30 Phase Diagrams

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Cmc chapter 12

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Cmc chapter 12