This document discusses four major classes of plant-derived anticancer drugs: 1) epipodophyllotoxin lignans such as podophyllotoxin from mayapple, 2) taxane diterpenoids such as paclitaxel from Pacific yew, 3) vinca alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine from periwinkle, and 4) camptothecin from Camptotheca. Each class is described in terms of its natural source, chemical structure, and medicinal uses in treating various cancers. Extraction processes are also outlined for vincristine from periwinkle and paclitaxel from Pacific yew.

2. Anticancer, or antineoplastic, drugs are used to treat
malignancies or cancerous growths. Drug therapy may
be used alone, or in combination with other treatments
such a surgery or radiation therapy.
The main purpose of anticancer drug is to control the
growth of cancerous cell.
Introduction:

3. Four major structural classes of plant derived agents for
anticancer drugs are:
I. The epipodophyllotoxin lignans
II. The taxane diterpenoids
III. The vinca alkaloids
IV. The camptothecin quinoline alkaloid
Classification:

4. Class 1 : The epipodophyllotoxin lignans
Podophyllum
Scientific name: Podophyllum peltatum
Source: Podophyllum is an herbaceous perennial plant in
the family Berberidaceae, described as a genus by
Linnaeus. It is widespread across most of the eastern
United States and southeastern Canada. Mayapples are
woodland plants, typically growing in colonies derived
from a single root

5. Chemical structure of podophyllotoxin :

6. Medicinal uses of
podophyllum:
•Used topically for warts
•Used as antibilious agent
Used as treatment of
malignant neoplasms

7. Class 2: The taxane diterpenoids
Paclitaxel is a drug used to treat ovarian, breast, lung,
pancreatic and other cancers.It and docetaxel represent the
taxane family of drugs. Paclitaxel's mechanism of action
involves interference with the normal breakdown of
microtubules during cell division.
Natural Source: Paclitaxel, the most well-known natural-
source cancer drug in the United States, is derived from the
bark of the Pacific yew tree.

8. Scientific classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: T. brevifolia
Scientific Name: Taxusbrevifolia
Plant Name: Pacific Yew
Tree

9. Chemical Structure of Paclitaxel:

10. Medicinal uses of Paclitaxel
Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma
Treatment of breast,
pancreatic, ovarian cancer

11. Class 3 : The vinca alkaloids
Vinca alkaloid :Vinca alkaloids are a set of anti-mitotic and anti-
microtubule alkaloid agents.
Source :originally derived from the periwinkle plant and other vinca
plants .
Periwinkle Plant Vinka Minor Plant

12. Scientific Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Vinca Pervinca
Scientific name:
Catharanthus roseus
There are at least 86 alkaloids
extracted from plants in the
Vincagenus among which
vincristine and vinblastine is
used to treat cancer.

13. Structure of Chemical Constituent :
Vinca Alkaloid Vincristine Vinca Alkaloid Vinblastine

14. Medicinal uses of Vincristine
Treatment of Acute Myeloid
Leukemia
Treatment of childhood
Hodgkin's Lymphoma

15. Medicinal uses of Vinblastine
Treatment of bladder
cancer
Treatment of
brain cancer
Treatment of lung
cancer

16. Class 4: Camptothecin
A cytotoxicquinoline alkaloid which inhibits the
DNA enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I). It was discovered
in 1966 by M. E. Wall and M. C. Wani in
systematic screeningof natural products for
anticancerdrugs. Two CPT analogues have been
approved and are used
in cancerchemotherapy, topotecan andirinotecan.

17. Source: Stem and bark of Camptotheca
Scientific name: Camptotheca acuminata

18. Chemical structure of Camptotheca:

19. •CPT analogues have
been approved for
cancer therapy
against small cell
carcinoma
Medicinal uses of Camptotheca
. Topotecan and irinotecan are
also currently used in a wide
spectrum of clinical trials in
patients with metastatic cancers.

20. Extraction process of vincristine from
Catharanthus roseus

21. Extraction process of taxol from
Taxus brevifolia