This presentation tells you about various herbal/natural drugs that are used as Anticancer.

1. HERBAL ANTI CANCER DRUGS
Dr. Rahul Kaushik
Assistant Professor
Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational & Technical
Education, Greater Noida
Email: rahulkcsji@gmail.comDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

2. DEFINITION
• CANCER:- Cancer is characterized by rapid and
uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells which may mass
together to form a growth or tumor, or proliferate
throughout the body, initiating abnormal growth at other
sites.
* ANTI-CANCER DRUGS:- The Drugs that are used in
inhibiting the abnormal cell growth or killing the cancer cells.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

3. CLASSIFICATION:-
S.N
o
CLASS DRUGS PLANT
SOURCE
1. Vinca alkaloids Vincristine
Vinblastine
Catharanthus
roseus
(Apocynaceae)
2. Taxanes Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Taxus
brevifolia
(Taxaceae)
3. Epipodophyllotoxin Etoposide Podophyllum
hexandrum
(Berberidacea
e)
4. Camptothecin
analouges
Topotecan
Irinotecan
Camptotheca
acuminata
(Nyssaceae)
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

4. 5. Colchicine Demecoline Cocus
cholchicum
Autumnale
(Liliaceae)
6. Maytansinoid Mcytanacine
Maytansine
Maytenus
buchananii,
M.Serrata
(Celastraceae)
7. Macrocyclic lactones Bryostanins Bryozoa Bugula
neritina
8. Quassinoids Bruceantin
brusato
Brucea javanica
(Simarubaceae
)
9. Curcuma Curcumin Curcuma longa
(Zingiberaceae)
10. Flavonoids Vicenin
Orentin
Ocimum
sanctum
(Labiatae)Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

5. 11. Sesquiterpene Gossypal Gossypium
barbadense
(Gossypiacea
e)
12. Ellipticine Ellipticine Ochrosia
eliptica
(Apocynaceae)
13. Pthalide isoquinoline
alkaloid
Noscapine Papaver
somniferum
(Papaveraceae)
14. Acetogenins Acetogenin Annona species
(Annonaceae)
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

6. MODE OF ACTION OF NATURAL ANTICANCER
DRUGS :
Purine synthesis Pyrimidine synthesis
Ribonucleotides
Deoxyribonucleotides
DNA
RNA
Enzymes Proteins Microtubles
Camptothecin
Etoposide
Block
topoisomerase
functions
Paclitaxel
Vinca
Cholchine
Inhibit the
function of
microtubules
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

7. RECENT ADVANCES OF NATURAL ANTICANCER
AGENTS:-
1. Natural agents have low toxicity.
2.The MOA of recent natural agents are
* Acts on DNA bases
* Intercalation of DNA
* Inhibit topoisomerases & Proteinkinases
* Induction of Apoptosis (Cell suicide)
3. Many new species are investigated to find out new agents
for treatment of cancer.
4.Cell culture techniques are involved to produce new botanical
therapeutic agents to treat neoplasms
5. Development of QSAR modelling on anti- cancer agents also
produces good therapeutic agents with decreasing toxicity
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

8. PLANT-DERIVED ANTICANCER AGENTS IN
CLINICAL USE:-
1.FirstagentsthatwereclinicallyusedareVincaalkaloids,Vinblastine(VLB)&Vincristine(VCR),
isolatedfromMadagascarperiwinkle.
2. Two clinically active agents, etoposide(VM 26) & teniposide (VP 16-213), semi synthetic
derivativesofepipodophyllotoxinareusedincancertreatment.
3.TheuseofvariouspartsofT.brevifoliaandotherTaxusspeciesiswidelyusedincanertherapy.
4. Anti-cancer drug armamentarium is the class of clinically- active agents derived from
camptothecin,whichisisolatedfromchineseornamentaltreeiswidelyused.
5. Other plant-derived agents in clinical use are homoharringtonine (Cephalotaxus
harringtonia) and elliptinium, a derivative of ellipticine, isolated from species of several
generaoftheApocynaceaefamily,includingBleekeriavitensisA.C.Sm.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

9. PLANT-DERIVED ANTICANCER AGENTS IN
CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT:-
1.Vinblastine/Vincristine: Catharanthus roseus/Jamaica,
Philippines (originally from Madagascar)
2. Etoposide: Podophyllum species/ Eastern US, Himalayas
3. Paclitaxel/Docetaxel: Taxus species/NW US, Europe
4. Topotecan/Irinotecan: Camptotheca acuminata/China
5. Homoharringtonine: Cephalotaxus harringtonia/China
6. Flavopiridol: Synthetic based on rohutikine from
Dysoxylum binectariferum/India
7. Combretastatins: Combretum caffrum/S. Africa
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

10. Plant Alkaloids
Vinca Alkaloids Podophyllotoxins Camptothecins Taxanes
Vinblastine Etoposide Topotecan Paclitaxel
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Vinorelbine
Teniposide Irinotecan Docetaxel
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

11. Vinca alkaloids
B. source: Catharanthus roseus
Family: Apocynaceae
Part used: Dried whole plant
Chemical constituent:
 Vincristine
 Vinblastine
 Ajmalicine
 Vindesine
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

12. Uses of vinca
In Europe, folk remedy for diabetes for centuries.
In China, an astringent, diuretic and cough remedy.
In Central and South America, homemade cold
remedy to ease lung congestion and inflammation
and sore throats
Throughout the Caribbean, an flower extract to
treat eye irritation and infections
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

13. MODE OF ACTION OF VINCA
• These drugs block the formation of
mitotic spindle by preventing the
assembly of tubulin dimers into
microtubules.
• They act primarily on the M phase of
cancer cell cycle.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

14. VinBlastine VinCristine
Uses :
Hodgkin’s disease
Lymphomas
Carcinoma Breast
Testicular tumors
Uses:
Childhood leukemias
Childhood tumors-Wilm’s
tumor, Neuroblastoma,
Hodgkin’s disease
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

15. Podophyllum
B. Source: Podophyllum hexandrum
Family: Berberidaceae
Part used: dried rhizomes & roots
Uses:
• Used in treatment of small cell
carcinoma of lung, prostrate and
testicular carcinomas
Chemical constitutent:
• Podophyllotoxin
• Etoposide
• Teniposide Podophyllotoxin
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

16. MOA of Podophyllum
• Acts by inhibiting
topoisomerase II
• These drugs are most
active in late S and early
G2 phase
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

17. Taxanes
• B. source: Taxus brevifolia
• Family: Taxaceae
• Part used: Stem bark
Uses:
• Ovarian cancer
• Lung carcinoma
• Gastric & Cervical cancers
• Prostate & colon cancer
Chemical constituent:
• Taxol
• Paclitaxel
• Docetaxal
TaxolDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

18. MOA of Taxanes
• These drugs act by interfering with mitotic
spindle
• They prevent micotubule disassembly into
tubulin monomers
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

19. Camptothecin
B. source: Camptotheca acuminata
Family: Nyssaceae
Part used: Dried stem wood
Uses:
 Ovarian cancers
 Colorectal cancer
 Cancer of neck & head
 Liver cancer
Chemical constituent:
 Camptothecin
 Topotecan
 Irinotecan
Camptothecin
Topotecan
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

20. MOA of Camptothecin
• Camptothecin act by
inhibiting
topoisomerase-I
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

21. CONCLUSION
• Plants have been a prime source of highly effective
conventional drugs for the treatment of many forms of cancer.
The actual compound isolated from the plant may not serve
as the drug but leads to the devlopment of potential novel
agents.Natural agents are proving to be an important source
of novel inhibitors & have the potential for development into
selective anticancer agents.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

22. THANK YOU
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)