Clustering - Eric Vanderburg
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Clustering involves combining computers to create a logical computer that provides increased redundancy. A cluster uses nodes, resources, resource groups, and storage area networks. There are different types of cluster models including local quorum, single quorum device, and majority node set clusters. Storage is accessed through zoning and LUN masking to control traffic flow and provide security. Replication can be done at the block, file system, or application level between sites and can be synchronous, where an operation is complete only after replication, or asynchronous, where an operation can be considered complete before replication.
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We will show the advantages of having a geo-distributed database cluster and how to create one using Galera Cluster for MySQL. We will also discuss the configuration and status variables that are involved and how to deal with typical situations on the WAN such as slow, untrusted or unreliable links, latency and packet loss. We will demonstrate a multi-region cluster on Amazon EC2 and perform some throughput and latency measurements in real-time.
Tips Tricks and Tactics with Cells and Scaling OpenStack - May, 2015
The document discusses using cells in OpenStack to scale cloud infrastructure across multiple geographic locations. Key points include using cells to distribute OpenStack compute services around Australia, with over 6000 users, 700 hypervisors, and 30,000 cores spread across 8 sites and 14 cells. It also discusses strategies for operating, upgrading, and scheduling across multiple cells.
Module2 MultiThreads.ppt
This document discusses CPU scheduling and multithreaded programming. It covers key concepts in CPU scheduling like multiprogramming, CPU-I/O burst cycles, and scheduling criteria. It also discusses dispatcher role, multilevel queue scheduling, and multiple processor scheduling challenges. For multithreaded programming, it defines threads and their benefits. It compares concurrency and parallelism and discusses multithreading models, thread libraries, and threading issues.
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Using galera replication to create geo distributed clusters on the wan
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Using galera replication to create geo distributed clusters on the wan
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More from Eric Vanderburg
GDPR, Data Privacy and Cybersecurity - MIT Symposium
GDPR, Data Privacy, and Cybersecurity presented by Eric Vanderburg and Stephanie Gruber at the MIT Chief Data Officer Information Quality Symposium on July 20, 2018.
Modern Security the way Equifax Should Have
Robin Systems VP of Products Razi Sharir sits down with Cybersecurity Expert Eric Vandenburg for a chat about modern datacenter and hybrid cloud security challenges and considerations in the context of Equifax breach.
Cybercrime and Cyber Threats - CBLA - Eric Vanderburg
Cybercrime and cyber threats: A glimpse of cybersecurity's opponent. Presented by Eric Vanderburg and the CBLA on October 25, 2017.
Cybersecurity Incident Response Strategies and Tactics - RIMS 2017 - Eric Van...
Timothy Opsitnick and Eric Vanderburg of TCDI presented at the Risk Management Society's 2017 Northeast Ohio Regional Conference on Cybersecurity incident response strategies and tactics.
Mobile Forensics and Cybersecurity
Mobile device usage has skyrocketed in enterprises and so have the risks. Eric Vanderburg and Trevor Tucker discuss the evidentiary value of mobile forensics, its limitations, and how cybersecurity can ensure the processes, procedures, and controls necessary to protect mobile devices and organizational data. This helps companies and attorneys to be better prepared for investigations and associated legal implications of mobile use in the enterprise.
2017 March ISACA Security Challenges with the Internet of Things - Eric Vande...
The document discusses security challenges with the Internet of Things (IoT). It notes that while IoT usage is growing, security has not kept pace, leaving many devices vulnerable to attacks. Common threats discussed are distributed denial of service attacks using compromised IoT devices, ransomware targeting IoT, surveillance through insecure cameras and assistants, backdoors in device firmware, data breaches exposing private information, and botnets of hijacked IoT devices used to launch attacks. The document advocates for securing IoT through built-in security practices, segmentation, access control, patching, and disabling unused functions.
Ransomware: 2016's Greatest Malware Threat
Ransomware has troubled many individuals and companies and it has been called the greatest malware threat of 2016. Learn how it works and how to protect yourself.
Emerging Technologies: Japan’s Position
This document discusses Japan's position regarding emerging technologies such as information technology, the human genome project, and nanotechnology. It notes that while Japan was an early leader in concepts like a fiber optic network and human genome mapping, it failed to maintain leads in these areas due to lack of sustained governmental support and inconsistent funding. Currently, Japan is a top investor in nanotechnology but has fewer startups than the US; maintaining leadership will depend on supporting infrastructure and applying its materials expertise to drive more products to market.
Principles of technology management
This document discusses principles of technology management. It defines technology management as leveraging technology components to maximize economic gains by managing challenges posed by emerging technologies from research to commercialization. It notes competitiveness is key. It also discusses methods of acquiring technology, such as internal R&D, technological learning, and alliances. Factors that determine international competitiveness include a country's technology trajectory, barriers to entry, pace of innovation, macroeconomic environment, and Porter's Diamond model relating to firm strategy, demand conditions, supporting industries, and factor conditions.
Japanese railway technology
Japanese railway technology dates back to the Meiji Era when Japan sought foreign technology from Britain and Germany. A key milestone was the 1964 development of the Tokaido Shinkansen, which became the fastest train in the world at 200km/h and helped transform Japan's railway system. Before the Shinkansen, 60 trains carried 60,000 passengers daily between Tokyo and Osaka, but now 285 trains carry 360,000 passengers daily with significant time savings and economic benefits. The Shinkansen system prioritizes speed, safety, reliability, and large transport capacity through features like elevated tracks, automated stopping controls, and rigorous maintenance practices.
Evaluating japanese technological competitiveness
This document analyzes Japan's technological competitiveness. It finds that while Japan faces economic challenges, it remains competitive in niche markets and product innovation. Japan spends a high percentage of its GDP on research and development, focusing on applied research and incremental improvements. This approach, along with strong industrial clusters and a commitment to quality, has allowed Japan to capture significant global market shares in various niche technology areas.
Japanese current and future technology management challenges
This document discusses Japan's current and future technology management challenges across various sectors. It outlines Japan's large-scale projects and research in areas like nuclear energy, space development, aviation, marine development, life sciences, and computer sciences. While Japan has had some successes, it also faces ongoing challenges with safety, cost, and developing breakthrough technologies to solve major problems. The document concludes by noting that Japan has established public and private business incubators, but the results have not been very encouraging so far.
Technology management in Japan: Robotics
This document provides an overview of robotics management in Japan. It discusses the history of robots beginning with Isaac Asimov coining the term "robotics" in 1942 and establishing three laws of robotics. Japan became a leader in robotics through manga influences and the growth of its robot industry in the 1970s. Today, Japan produces and uses more industrial robots than any other country, with major robotics firms like Sony, Honda, and Toyota. The document outlines various uses for robots and recent innovations from Japanese researchers. It predicts continued growth in markets like domestic robots and notes Japan's strategies to maintain leadership through constant innovation.
Incident response table top exercises
An unauthorized individual accessed private confidential data on an FTP server, triggering an incident response. The response team needed to determine how the data was accessed, scope the incident, and identify impacted stakeholders. They then took steps to contain the incident by blocking IP addresses, shutting down the FTP server, changing credentials, and moving servers. The team also restored data from backups and requested clients resend information. Post-incident activities included meetings with management and IT to prevent future occurrences through measures like shortening timeouts, adding alerts and encryption, and restricting FTP server access.
The Prescription for Protection - Avoid Treatment Errors To The Malware Problem
Malware is an ailment many companies suffer from but the prescription for protection is simpler than you think. In this presentation, Vanderburg and Salamakha apply the five rights for avoiding drug errors to the malware problem at the Advanced Persistent Threats Summit.
1) Right client – Authentication
2) Right route – Gaps and strategies
3) Right drug – Security controls
4) Right dose – Security/business balance
5) Right time – Staying up to date.
Stay healthy, stay safe.
Cloud Storage and Security: Solving Compliance Challenges
This document discusses challenges and best practices for cloud storage and security. It begins by introducing the panelists and outlining the topics to be discussed, which include realities and pain points of cloud storage, how and where cloud security could be compromised, navigating legal and regulatory compliance, and recommendations for deploying the right cloud storage strategy. Key points made include that sensitive data is often stored in the cloud without visibility, cloud breaches and unauthorized access are concerns, and regulations like GDPR and ISO 27001 provide security standards to consider. The document emphasizes knowing cloud vendors, evaluating costs and benefits, and establishing secure data management practices throughout the data lifecycle.
Hacktivism: Motivations, Tactics and Threats
This document summarizes a presentation on hacktivism given by Eric Vanderburg. It defines hacktivism as hacking to promote a political, religious, or social ideology. It discusses how technology and anonymity on the internet have enabled hacktivist groups like Anonymous and LulzSec to conduct cyberattacks. Common hacktivist tactics discussed include DDoS attacks, website defacement, negative SEO, doxxing, and information disclosure. The document advises organizations to assess their culture and risks from hacktivism through background checks, social engineering tests, and limiting social media use.
Correct the most common web development security mistakes - Eric Vanderburg
The document discusses common web development security mistakes and how to correct them. It covers security misconfiguration, unrestricted URL access, unvalidated redirects and forwards, direct object references, insecure storage of sensitive data, and insufficient transport layer protection. Mistakes in these areas can allow attackers to access unauthorized data and functionality. The document provides techniques to protect against these risks, such as verifying system configurations, restricting access by URL and role, validating redirect targets, encrypting sensitive data storage and transmissions, and more.
Deconstructing website attacks - Eric Vanderburg
The document discusses various types of website attacks such as injection attacks, cross-site scripting, session management attacks, and object reference attacks. It provides details on the nature of each attack, their potential impacts, and techniques for protecting against them. Some key points are that the average breach costs $214 per record and $7.2 million per incident, while the US is increasing cybersecurity funding by 35% to $548 million. Injection attacks can allow access to entire databases or operating systems if not properly protected against with input validation and encoding. Cross-site scripting can steal user data or install malware if raw user input is reflected in outputs. The document recommends output encoding and validating all user input to prevent attacks.
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Malware is a significant threat as it provides a way for an attacker to use your machine for nefarious means or take data from you and those connected to you. Learn how to combat this threat and protect yourself.
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QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...
These are the slides for the presentation, "Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend applications" that was presented at QA or the Highway 2024 in Columbus, OH by Zachary Hamm.
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMs
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
Discover the Unseen: Tailored Recommendation of Unwatched Content
The session shares how JioCinema approaches ""watch discounting."" This capability ensures that if a user watched a certain amount of a show/movie, the platform no longer recommends that particular content to the user. Flawless operation of this feature promotes the discover of new content, improving the overall user experience.
JioCinema is an Indian over-the-top media streaming service owned by Viacom18.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Katja Glaß
OpenStudyBuilder Community Manager - Katja Glaß Consulting
Marius Conjeaud
Principal Consultant - Neo4j
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation Parameters
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate (SAA-C03)
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Mutation Testing for Task-Oriented Chatbots
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptx
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSF
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdf
So… you want to become a Test Automation Engineer (or hire and develop one)? While there’s quite a bit of information available about important technical and tool skills to master, there’s not enough discussion around the path to becoming an effective Test Automation Engineer that knows how to add VALUE. In my experience this had led to a proliferation of engineers who are proficient with tools and building frameworks but have skill and knowledge gaps, especially in software testing, that reduce the value they deliver with test automation.
In this talk, Lee will share his lessons learned from over 30 years of working with, and mentoring, hundreds of Test Automation Engineers. Whether you’re looking to get started in test automation or just want to improve your trade, this talk will give you a solid foundation and roadmap for ensuring your test automation efforts continuously add value. This talk is equally valuable for both aspiring Test Automation Engineers and those managing them! All attendees will take away a set of key foundational knowledge and a high-level learning path for leveling up test automation skills and ensuring they add value to their organizations.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham Hill
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Dmitrii Kamaev, PhD
Senior Product Owner - QIAGEN
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE Roles
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
A Deep Dive into ScyllaDB's Architecture
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
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QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...
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inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham Hill
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"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor Ivaniuk
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Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!
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Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
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Clustering - Eric Vanderburg
- 2. CLUSTERING • Combining computers to create one logical computer • Provides increased redundancy
- 3. TERMS • Node (cluster host) - A computer that is a member of a server cluster. • Resource - entity that can be managed by a cluster and moved between nodes. • Resource Group - A collection of resources that can be started or stopped. • Failover - the process of taking resources offline on one node and moving them to another. • Failback - returning resources back to their original node once it has recovered. • Quorum - the disk that holds the configuration data and all the changes that have been made to the cluster database. • HBA (Host Bus Adapter) - interface card that connects a cluster node to a SAN. • Split brain - some nodes in the cluster lose contact with the quorum and one another so each thinks that they are the only one in the cluster. This eventually leads to data corruption.
- 4. INSTANCES • Single Instance application - One application is running on the server at a time • Multiple instance application - multiple instances of the same code or different pieces of code running for the same service are running on a cluster. • Cloned applications - uses a relatively static dataset. • Partitioned application - dataset is frequently updated so the dataset is divided among partitions.
- 5. STORAGE • Clusters use SANs for storage • Cluster network should be connected directly to the SAN and the network between them should be isolated from the rest of the network. • Parallel SCSI • Fiber Channel • If there are more than 2 nodes,m FC-SW (Switched Fiber Channel Fabric) must be used.
- 6. ACCESS TO THE SAN • Zoning - creates views called clouds that control access and control traffic flow between the SAN. • LUN masking - access control is provided at the controller and port level. Policies are defined for specific devices. Provides more granular security than zoning.
- 7. CLUSTER MODELS • Local Quorum cluster - used for testing and has only one node. • Single Quorum device cluster - cluster configuration data is stored on a single device connected to all nodes in the cluster. At least one node must be functional for the cluster as a whole to function. • Majority node set cluster - each node contains its own copy of the cluster configuration data. A majority of the nodes in the cluster must function for the cluster as a while to function.
- 8. MULTISITE CLUSTER REPLICATION • Block level replication - storage devices are mirrored over a private network between sites. • File system level replication • Application level replication
- 9. SYNCHRONOUS & ASYNCHRONOUS • Synchronous replication - an operation is not complete until it has been replicated to partner sites • Asynchronous replication - an operation can be considered complete before it has been replicated to partners.
- 10. SYNCHRONOUS & ASYNCHRONOUS • Synchronous replication - an operation is not complete until it has been replicated to partner sites • Asynchronous replication - an operation can be considered complete before it has been replicated to partners.