Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC) allows multiple instances of an Oracle database to run simultaneously on multiple nodes. It provides high availability, scalability, and transparent application failover. Key components include shared storage, Oracle Clusterware, cache fusion for data synchronization, and Transparent Application Failover for uninterrupted connections.
This version of "Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 19c & Later – Best Practices" was first presented in Oracle Open World (OOW) London 2020 and includes content from the OOW 2019 version of the deck. The deck has been updated with the latest information regarding ORAchk as well as upgrade tips & tricks.
Scaling paypal workloads with oracle rac ssAnil Nair
PayPal workloads scale efficiently with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). Oracle RAC provides high availability, scalability, and performance for PayPal's workloads. Oracle RAC utilizes features like cache fusion, dynamic resource management, and fine-grained processes to optimize performance on modern CPU architectures. Oracle RAC also provides near-zero downtime for reconfiguration and patching through optimizations like recovery buddies. PayPal leverages over 250 Oracle RAC clusters with over 90 petabytes of database storage to handle its transaction processing and analytics workloads at scale with high performance.
This document provides an overview of Oracle Active Data Guard, which allows standby databases to be open for read-only access while redo data is being shipped from the primary database. Key points include:
- Active Data Guard enables offloading of queries and reporting to standby databases while maintaining high availability.
- Fast incremental backups can be performed on standby databases, which are up to 20 times faster than full backups.
- Real-time queries on standby databases always see the most up-to-date committed data from the primary with minimal latency.
This document discusses upgrading to Oracle Database 19c and migrating to Oracle Multitenant. It provides an overview of key features such as being able to have 3 user-created PDBs without a Multitenant license in 19c. It also demonstrates how to use AutoUpgrade to perform an upgrade and migration to Multitenant with a single command. The document highlights various Multitenant concepts such as resource sharing, connecting to containers, and cloning PDBs.
Oracle Database 19c, builds upon key architectural, distributed data and performance innovations established in earlier versions Oracle Database 12c and 18c releases. Oracle 19c has many new features, in this presentation we have covered below areas
Automated Installation, Configuration and Patching
AutoUpgrade and Database Utilities
Understanding oracle rac internals part 1 - slidesMohamed Farouk
This document discusses Oracle RAC internals and architecture. It provides an overview of the Oracle RAC architecture including software deployment, processes, and resources. It also covers topics like VIPs, networks, listeners, and SCAN in Oracle RAC. Key aspects summarized include the typical Oracle RAC software stack, local and cluster resources, how VIPs and networks are configured, and the role and dependencies of listeners.
Oracle RAC is an option to the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. At least, this is what it is known for. This presentation shows the many ways in which the stack, which is known as Oracle RAC can be used in the most efficient way for various use cases.
The document summarizes new features in Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) for Oracle 19c and 18c database releases. Key highlights include the ability to grant and revoke RMAN catalog privileges on specific pluggable databases, support for connecting to recovery catalogs when connected to a pluggable database target, and the new DUPLICATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE command for duplicating pluggable databases to existing container databases. The document also discusses duplicating databases to Oracle Cloud and using RMAN backups after migrating databases between platforms.
This version of "Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 19c & Later – Best Practices" was first presented in Oracle Open World (OOW) London 2020 and includes content from the OOW 2019 version of the deck. The deck has been updated with the latest information regarding ORAchk as well as upgrade tips & tricks.
Scaling paypal workloads with oracle rac ssAnil Nair
PayPal workloads scale efficiently with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). Oracle RAC provides high availability, scalability, and performance for PayPal's workloads. Oracle RAC utilizes features like cache fusion, dynamic resource management, and fine-grained processes to optimize performance on modern CPU architectures. Oracle RAC also provides near-zero downtime for reconfiguration and patching through optimizations like recovery buddies. PayPal leverages over 250 Oracle RAC clusters with over 90 petabytes of database storage to handle its transaction processing and analytics workloads at scale with high performance.
This document provides an overview of Oracle Active Data Guard, which allows standby databases to be open for read-only access while redo data is being shipped from the primary database. Key points include:
- Active Data Guard enables offloading of queries and reporting to standby databases while maintaining high availability.
- Fast incremental backups can be performed on standby databases, which are up to 20 times faster than full backups.
- Real-time queries on standby databases always see the most up-to-date committed data from the primary with minimal latency.
This document discusses upgrading to Oracle Database 19c and migrating to Oracle Multitenant. It provides an overview of key features such as being able to have 3 user-created PDBs without a Multitenant license in 19c. It also demonstrates how to use AutoUpgrade to perform an upgrade and migration to Multitenant with a single command. The document highlights various Multitenant concepts such as resource sharing, connecting to containers, and cloning PDBs.
Oracle Database 19c, builds upon key architectural, distributed data and performance innovations established in earlier versions Oracle Database 12c and 18c releases. Oracle 19c has many new features, in this presentation we have covered below areas
Automated Installation, Configuration and Patching
AutoUpgrade and Database Utilities
Understanding oracle rac internals part 1 - slidesMohamed Farouk
This document discusses Oracle RAC internals and architecture. It provides an overview of the Oracle RAC architecture including software deployment, processes, and resources. It also covers topics like VIPs, networks, listeners, and SCAN in Oracle RAC. Key aspects summarized include the typical Oracle RAC software stack, local and cluster resources, how VIPs and networks are configured, and the role and dependencies of listeners.
Oracle RAC is an option to the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. At least, this is what it is known for. This presentation shows the many ways in which the stack, which is known as Oracle RAC can be used in the most efficient way for various use cases.
The document summarizes new features in Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) for Oracle 19c and 18c database releases. Key highlights include the ability to grant and revoke RMAN catalog privileges on specific pluggable databases, support for connecting to recovery catalogs when connected to a pluggable database target, and the new DUPLICATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE command for duplicating pluggable databases to existing container databases. The document also discusses duplicating databases to Oracle Cloud and using RMAN backups after migrating databases between platforms.
This document discusses Oracle database performance tuning. It covers identifying common Oracle performance issues such as CPU bottlenecks, memory issues, and inefficient SQL statements. It also outlines the Oracle performance tuning method and tools like the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) and performance page in Oracle Enterprise Manager. These tools help administrators monitor performance, identify bottlenecks, implement ADDM recommendations, and tune SQL statements reactively when issues arise.
Oracle Real Application Clusters 19c- Best Practices and Internals- EMEA Tour...Sandesh Rao
In this session, I will cover under-the-hood features that power Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) 19c specifically around Cache Fusion and Service management. Improvements in Oracle RAC helps in integration with features such as Multitenant and Data Guard. In fact, these features benefit immensely when used with Oracle RAC. Finally we will talk about changes to the broader Oracle RAC Family of Products stack and the algorithmic changes that helps quickly detect sick/dead nodes/instances and the reconfiguration improvements to ensure that the Oracle RAC Databases continue to function without any disruption
Oracle RAC 19c: Best Practices and Secret InternalsAnil Nair
Oracle Real Application Clusters 19c provides best practices and new features for upgrading to Oracle 19c. It discusses upgrading Oracle RAC to Linux 7 with minimal downtime using node draining and relocation techniques. Oracle 19c allows for upgrading the Grid Infrastructure management repository and patching faster using a new Oracle home. The presentation also covers new resource modeling for PDBs in Oracle 19c and improved Clusterware diagnostics.
Survey of some free Tools to enhance your SQL Tuning and Performance Diagnost...Carlos Sierra
Several free tools are available to help with SQL tuning and performance diagnostics, including SQLd360, SQLT, and eDB360. SQLd360 and SQLT are good for diagnosing a single SQL statement, while eDB360 provides a 360-degree view of an entire Oracle database. Snapper and TUNAs360 can diagnose sessions and database activity. Standalone scripts like planx and sqlmon provide specialized diagnostics for individual cases. These free tools vary in size and capabilities, but all aim to help tune and diagnose SQL and database performance issues.
This document summarizes a presentation on Oracle RAC (Real Application Clusters) internals with a focus on Cache Fusion. The presentation covers:
1. An overview of Cache Fusion and how it allows data to be shared across instances to enable scalability.
2. Dynamic re-mastering which adjusts where data is mastered based on access patterns to reduce messaging.
3. Techniques for handling contention including partitioning, connection pools, and separating redo logs.
4. Benefits of combining Oracle Multitenant and RAC such as aligning PDBs to instances.
5. How Oracle In-Memory Column Store fully integrates with RAC including fault tolerance features.
DB Time, Average Active Sessions, and ASH Math - Oracle performance fundamentalsJohn Beresniewicz
RMOUG 2020 abstract:
This session will cover core concepts for Oracle performance analysis first introduced in Oracle 10g and forming the backbone of many features in the Diagnostic and Tuning packs. The presentation will cover the theoretical basis and meaning of these concepts, as well as illustrate how they are fundamental to many user-facing features in both the database itself and Enterprise Manager.
What to Expect From Oracle database 19cMaria Colgan
The Oracle Database has recently switched to an annual release model. Oracle Database 19c is only the second release in this new model. So what can you expect from the latest version of the Oracle Database? This presentation explains how Oracle Database 19c is really 12.2.0.3 the terminal release of the 12.2 family and the new features you can find in this release.
The document describes how to convert a single instance Oracle database to Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) using RMAN. The key steps include:
1. Duplicating the single instance database to an auxiliary instance on the RAC nodes using RMAN DUPLICATE.
2. Configuring the RAC-specific initialization parameters and creating the necessary redo logs and undo tablespaces.
3. Starting instances on each RAC node and registering them with the Cluster Ready Services framework.
Understanding oracle rac internals part 2 - slidesMohamed Farouk
This document discusses Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) internals, specifically focusing on client connectivity and node membership. It provides details on how clients connect to a RAC database, including connect time load balancing, connect time and runtime connection failover. It also describes the key processes that manage node membership in Oracle Clusterware, including CSSD and how it uses network heartbeats and voting disks to monitor nodes and remove failed nodes from the cluster.
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Rel. 2 - Operational Best PracticesMarkus Michalewicz
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Release 2 operational best practices. The agenda includes discussing fundamentals, architecture choices, applying best practices, and using smart features. It provides information on shared storage, networking and interconnect requirements. It also describes the Cluster Domain architecture and how best practices apply across architectures. Tools for obtaining and applying best practices like CVU, ORAchk and the Autonomous Health Framework are also covered.
Oracle RAC 12c provides:
1. Better business continuity and high availability through new features like Application Continuity which allows in-flight transactions to replay following outages.
2. Cost-effective workload management and standardized deployment through technologies like Oracle ASM and Oracle Flex ASM which allow databases and ASM instances to be distributed across nodes for high availability.
3. Agility and scalability due to improved storage management capabilities in Oracle ASM 12c such as support for more disk groups and remote ASM client access.
This document provides an overview and summary of Oracle Data Guard. It discusses the key benefits of Data Guard including disaster recovery, data protection, and high availability. It describes the different types of Data Guard configurations including physical and logical standbys. The document outlines the basic architecture and processes involved in implementing Data Guard including redo transport, apply services, and role transitions. It also summarizes some of the features and protection modes available in different Oracle database versions.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Advanced Features and Best Practices for DBAsZohar Elkayam
Oracle Week 2017 slides.
Agenda:
Basics: How and What To Tune?
Using the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
Using AWR-Based Tools: ASH, ADDM
Real-Time Database Operation Monitoring (12c)
Identifying Problem SQL Statements
Using SQL Performance Analyzer
Tuning Memory (SGA and PGA)
Parallel Execution and Compression
Oracle Database 12c Performance New Features
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle Database performance tuning using oratopSandesh Rao
Oratop is a text-based user interface tool for monitoring basic database operations in real-time. This presentation will go into depth on how to use the tool and some example scenarios. It can be used for both RAC and single-instance databases and in combination with top to get a more holistic view of system performance and identify any bottlenecks.
Exploring Oracle Database Performance Tuning Best Practices for DBAs and Deve...Aaron Shilo
The document provides an overview of Oracle database performance tuning best practices for DBAs and developers. It discusses the connection between SQL tuning and instance tuning, and how tuning both the database and SQL statements is important. It also covers the connection between the database and operating system, how features like data integrity and zero downtime updates are important. The presentation agenda includes topics like identifying bottlenecks, benchmarking, optimization techniques, the cost-based optimizer, indexes, and more.
Oracle RAC 19c - the Basis for the Autonomous DatabaseMarkus Michalewicz
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) has been Oracle's premier database availability and scalability solution for more than two decades as it provides near linear horizontal scalability without the need to change the application code. This session explains why Oracle RAC 19c is the basis for Oracle's Autonomous Database by introducing some of its latest features, some of which were specifically designed for ATP-D, as well as by taking a peek under the hood of the dedicated Autonomous Database Service (ATP-D).
Stop the Chaos! Get Real Oracle Performance by Query Tuning Part 1SolarWinds
The document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on optimizing Oracle database performance through query tuning. It discusses identifying performance issues, collecting wait event information, reviewing execution plans, and understanding how the Oracle optimizer works using features like adaptive plans and statistics gathering. The goal is to show attendees how to quickly find and focus on the queries most in need of tuning.
This document provides an overview of setting up an Oracle 11gR2 Real Application Clusters (RAC) environment. It discusses system requirements, storage options like SAN and NAS, the Single Client Access Name (SCAN), and components like the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and voting disk. It also explains Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM), extent distribution, and provides step-by-step instructions and references for installing Oracle 11gR2 Clusterware and database software on a RAC configuration.
Since the manageability of RMAN backup, restore and recovery operations are nearly identical for nonclustered and clustered databases, the objective of this presentation is summarize you how RMAN can be best utilized in a RAC database.
This document discusses Oracle database performance tuning. It covers identifying common Oracle performance issues such as CPU bottlenecks, memory issues, and inefficient SQL statements. It also outlines the Oracle performance tuning method and tools like the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) and performance page in Oracle Enterprise Manager. These tools help administrators monitor performance, identify bottlenecks, implement ADDM recommendations, and tune SQL statements reactively when issues arise.
Oracle Real Application Clusters 19c- Best Practices and Internals- EMEA Tour...Sandesh Rao
In this session, I will cover under-the-hood features that power Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) 19c specifically around Cache Fusion and Service management. Improvements in Oracle RAC helps in integration with features such as Multitenant and Data Guard. In fact, these features benefit immensely when used with Oracle RAC. Finally we will talk about changes to the broader Oracle RAC Family of Products stack and the algorithmic changes that helps quickly detect sick/dead nodes/instances and the reconfiguration improvements to ensure that the Oracle RAC Databases continue to function without any disruption
Oracle RAC 19c: Best Practices and Secret InternalsAnil Nair
Oracle Real Application Clusters 19c provides best practices and new features for upgrading to Oracle 19c. It discusses upgrading Oracle RAC to Linux 7 with minimal downtime using node draining and relocation techniques. Oracle 19c allows for upgrading the Grid Infrastructure management repository and patching faster using a new Oracle home. The presentation also covers new resource modeling for PDBs in Oracle 19c and improved Clusterware diagnostics.
Survey of some free Tools to enhance your SQL Tuning and Performance Diagnost...Carlos Sierra
Several free tools are available to help with SQL tuning and performance diagnostics, including SQLd360, SQLT, and eDB360. SQLd360 and SQLT are good for diagnosing a single SQL statement, while eDB360 provides a 360-degree view of an entire Oracle database. Snapper and TUNAs360 can diagnose sessions and database activity. Standalone scripts like planx and sqlmon provide specialized diagnostics for individual cases. These free tools vary in size and capabilities, but all aim to help tune and diagnose SQL and database performance issues.
This document summarizes a presentation on Oracle RAC (Real Application Clusters) internals with a focus on Cache Fusion. The presentation covers:
1. An overview of Cache Fusion and how it allows data to be shared across instances to enable scalability.
2. Dynamic re-mastering which adjusts where data is mastered based on access patterns to reduce messaging.
3. Techniques for handling contention including partitioning, connection pools, and separating redo logs.
4. Benefits of combining Oracle Multitenant and RAC such as aligning PDBs to instances.
5. How Oracle In-Memory Column Store fully integrates with RAC including fault tolerance features.
DB Time, Average Active Sessions, and ASH Math - Oracle performance fundamentalsJohn Beresniewicz
RMOUG 2020 abstract:
This session will cover core concepts for Oracle performance analysis first introduced in Oracle 10g and forming the backbone of many features in the Diagnostic and Tuning packs. The presentation will cover the theoretical basis and meaning of these concepts, as well as illustrate how they are fundamental to many user-facing features in both the database itself and Enterprise Manager.
What to Expect From Oracle database 19cMaria Colgan
The Oracle Database has recently switched to an annual release model. Oracle Database 19c is only the second release in this new model. So what can you expect from the latest version of the Oracle Database? This presentation explains how Oracle Database 19c is really 12.2.0.3 the terminal release of the 12.2 family and the new features you can find in this release.
The document describes how to convert a single instance Oracle database to Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) using RMAN. The key steps include:
1. Duplicating the single instance database to an auxiliary instance on the RAC nodes using RMAN DUPLICATE.
2. Configuring the RAC-specific initialization parameters and creating the necessary redo logs and undo tablespaces.
3. Starting instances on each RAC node and registering them with the Cluster Ready Services framework.
Understanding oracle rac internals part 2 - slidesMohamed Farouk
This document discusses Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) internals, specifically focusing on client connectivity and node membership. It provides details on how clients connect to a RAC database, including connect time load balancing, connect time and runtime connection failover. It also describes the key processes that manage node membership in Oracle Clusterware, including CSSD and how it uses network heartbeats and voting disks to monitor nodes and remove failed nodes from the cluster.
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Rel. 2 - Operational Best PracticesMarkus Michalewicz
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Release 2 operational best practices. The agenda includes discussing fundamentals, architecture choices, applying best practices, and using smart features. It provides information on shared storage, networking and interconnect requirements. It also describes the Cluster Domain architecture and how best practices apply across architectures. Tools for obtaining and applying best practices like CVU, ORAchk and the Autonomous Health Framework are also covered.
Oracle RAC 12c provides:
1. Better business continuity and high availability through new features like Application Continuity which allows in-flight transactions to replay following outages.
2. Cost-effective workload management and standardized deployment through technologies like Oracle ASM and Oracle Flex ASM which allow databases and ASM instances to be distributed across nodes for high availability.
3. Agility and scalability due to improved storage management capabilities in Oracle ASM 12c such as support for more disk groups and remote ASM client access.
This document provides an overview and summary of Oracle Data Guard. It discusses the key benefits of Data Guard including disaster recovery, data protection, and high availability. It describes the different types of Data Guard configurations including physical and logical standbys. The document outlines the basic architecture and processes involved in implementing Data Guard including redo transport, apply services, and role transitions. It also summarizes some of the features and protection modes available in different Oracle database versions.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Advanced Features and Best Practices for DBAsZohar Elkayam
Oracle Week 2017 slides.
Agenda:
Basics: How and What To Tune?
Using the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
Using AWR-Based Tools: ASH, ADDM
Real-Time Database Operation Monitoring (12c)
Identifying Problem SQL Statements
Using SQL Performance Analyzer
Tuning Memory (SGA and PGA)
Parallel Execution and Compression
Oracle Database 12c Performance New Features
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle Database performance tuning using oratopSandesh Rao
Oratop is a text-based user interface tool for monitoring basic database operations in real-time. This presentation will go into depth on how to use the tool and some example scenarios. It can be used for both RAC and single-instance databases and in combination with top to get a more holistic view of system performance and identify any bottlenecks.
Exploring Oracle Database Performance Tuning Best Practices for DBAs and Deve...Aaron Shilo
The document provides an overview of Oracle database performance tuning best practices for DBAs and developers. It discusses the connection between SQL tuning and instance tuning, and how tuning both the database and SQL statements is important. It also covers the connection between the database and operating system, how features like data integrity and zero downtime updates are important. The presentation agenda includes topics like identifying bottlenecks, benchmarking, optimization techniques, the cost-based optimizer, indexes, and more.
Oracle RAC 19c - the Basis for the Autonomous DatabaseMarkus Michalewicz
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) has been Oracle's premier database availability and scalability solution for more than two decades as it provides near linear horizontal scalability without the need to change the application code. This session explains why Oracle RAC 19c is the basis for Oracle's Autonomous Database by introducing some of its latest features, some of which were specifically designed for ATP-D, as well as by taking a peek under the hood of the dedicated Autonomous Database Service (ATP-D).
Stop the Chaos! Get Real Oracle Performance by Query Tuning Part 1SolarWinds
The document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on optimizing Oracle database performance through query tuning. It discusses identifying performance issues, collecting wait event information, reviewing execution plans, and understanding how the Oracle optimizer works using features like adaptive plans and statistics gathering. The goal is to show attendees how to quickly find and focus on the queries most in need of tuning.
This document provides an overview of setting up an Oracle 11gR2 Real Application Clusters (RAC) environment. It discusses system requirements, storage options like SAN and NAS, the Single Client Access Name (SCAN), and components like the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and voting disk. It also explains Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM), extent distribution, and provides step-by-step instructions and references for installing Oracle 11gR2 Clusterware and database software on a RAC configuration.
Since the manageability of RMAN backup, restore and recovery operations are nearly identical for nonclustered and clustered databases, the objective of this presentation is summarize you how RMAN can be best utilized in a RAC database.
1) The document discusses how RMAN reporting provides an effective way to determine the best database backup strategy and ensure a successful recovery by understanding what has been backed up and what backups are needed.
2) It recommends running regular RMAN reports to identify files needing backup, which backups would be required for recovery, and historical information about past RMAN jobs.
3) The document provides examples of RMAN commands like LIST, REPORT, and RESTORE PREVIEW that can be used to generate useful information about current and past backups from the RMAN repository.
Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices - A result of true colla...Markus Michalewicz
This is the latest version of the Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices presentation as shown during IOUG / Collaborate15. As best practices are a result of true collaboration this will probably be the last version before OOW 2015.
The document provides information about finding the location of OCR and voting disks in an Oracle RAC environment. It states that the OCR location can be found in the /etc/oracle/ocr.loc file and the voting disk location can be found using the crsctl query css votedisk command. It also provides information on backing up the OCR and voting disks, such as using dd to backup voting disks and ocrconfig to backup and restore OCR.
This document discusses different approaches to converting a non-RAC Oracle database to a Real Application Clusters (RAC) configuration for high availability and scalability. It describes using Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), RCONFIG, Oracle Enterprise Manager, and RMAN to perform the conversion. Best practices are provided such as using Automatic Storage Management (ASM) for shared storage, testing changes in a test environment first, and configuring redundant network interfaces. Backing up RAC databases with RMAN is also covered, highlighting features like automatic restore of control files and incremental backups.
Oracle supports cloning and users can easily clone existing Oracle installations. But you need to understand why cloning is useful.
This presentation covers following Topics.
When cloning useful
Different methods of Cloning
How to perform Cloning
Summary
Q&A
Oracle Clusterware is Oracle's cluster software solution that provides high availability and protection for Oracle and third-party applications. It integrates components like Automatic Storage Management, messaging and locking services, membership and connectivity services. Oracle Clusterware can protect any Oracle software or third-party software that uses an Oracle database, running on certified Oracle Linux nodes, at no extra cost beyond standard Oracle licensing. It provides virtual IP addresses, framework for application management, and a cluster file system for configuration files.
This document provides best practices for deploying Oracle Database 11gR2 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. It details the reference architecture environment including the network topology, hardware, file system layout, storage configuration, and security settings. It also describes how to configure the operating system, storage, and install and configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure and the Oracle database.
The document describes the work experience of Mahaveer Jain as a team lead DBA. It summarizes three projects he led:
1) A Netlink datacenter migration project moving 125 databases from 11g to 12c environments over two years, including installing 11g and 12c databases, upgrading grid infrastructure, and patching.
2) A MSXi UK upgrade project moving 300 databases from 11g to 12c over a year, including installing 12c binaries and upgrading databases.
3) Leading a team of 8 for 2 years providing data modeling, solution design and performance support for 400 databases for Xeeva's supply chain product.
Oracle RAC 12c and Policy-Managed Databases, a Technical OverviewLudovico Caldara
Oracle RAC Policy-Managed Database (PMD) is a powerful but so far rarely used feature introduced in Oracle Database 11g
Release 2 to automate the instance administration in a dynamic, multi-node cluster.
The aim of this presentation is to review how PMD works, how to implement and administer it successfully, and how to
benefit from this technology compared to the traditional administrator-managed deployment. During the session, the new
features of the 12c Grid Infrastructure related to PMD are highlighted.
Node management in Oracle Clusterware involves monitoring nodes and evicting nodes if necessary to prevent split-brain situations. The CSSD process monitors nodes through network heartbeats over the private interconnect and disk heartbeats using the voting disks. If a node fails to respond within the configured time limits for either heartbeat, it will be evicted from the cluster. Eviction involves sending a "kill request" to the node over the remaining communication channels to forcibly remove it. With Oracle Clusterware 11.2.0.2, reboots of nodes can be avoided by gracefully shutting down the Oracle Clusterware stack instead of an immediate reboot when fencing a node.
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring a two-node Oracle RAC cluster using virtual machines on a single laptop or desktop computer. It details the necessary hardware requirements, including a minimum of 8GB RAM and 40GB free disk space. The software components needed are Windows 7 64-bit as the host operating system, along with VirtualBox for virtualization, Putty and VNC Viewer for remote access, and Oracle Grid Infrastructure and database software. The document provides a step-by-step guide to setting up the virtualized environment, installing Linux on the virtual machines, configuring the Grid Infrastructure and database software, and testing the overall cluster configuration.
RACAttack 12c Advanced Lab: Server Pools and Policy-managed databasesLudovico Caldara
RACAttack 12c pre-conference workshop at IOUG Collaborate 14 will have a few advanced labs for people already confident with a simple RAC installation. This advanced lab handbook introduces server pools and policy managed databases to your Oracle RAC 12c implementation!
Oracle RAC - Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition & One NodeLeighton Nelson
This document discusses different options for choosing between Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Standard Edition (SE), and RAC One Node. It provides an overview of Oracle Clusterware and RAC architectures. Standard Edition RAC supports up to 4 sockets and requires ASM, while Enterprise Edition has more scalability and supports third-party clusterware. RAC One Node provides high availability with one database instance and supports server consolidation. The document compares features and considerations for each edition and provides examples of suitable scenarios.
This document provides an overview of Oracle 9i Real Application Clusters (RAC) on Linux. It discusses the benefits of RAC such as scalability, high availability, and transparent expansion. Key components of RAC are described including cache fusion, global cache management, and resource coordination. Failure detection and recovery processes are also summarized. The document concludes with information on configuring Oracle 9i RAC and Linux kernel parameters on Linux systems.
Version 1 is a 700-strong, values-driven IT organization that aims to prove IT can benefit businesses through service excellence, innovation and improvement. It has bases in the UK and Ireland and provides services across four main sectors including commercial, financial, public and utilities. Real Application Clusters (RAC) allows multiple Oracle instances to access a single database on shared storage, providing increased availability, scalability and performance. Cache fusion allows data blocks to be shared across instances' caches for faster access. Global cache and global enqueue background processes coordinate this caching and concurrency control.
This document provides an overview of Oracle database architecture including:
- The basic instance-based architecture with background processes like DBWR, LGWR, and processes like SMON and PMON.
- Components of the System Global Area (SGA) like the buffer cache and redo log buffer.
- The Program Global Area (PGA) used by server processes.
- Real Application Clusters (RAC) which allows clustering of instances across nodes using shared storage. RAC requires Oracle Grid Infrastructure, ASM, and specific hardware and network configurations.
Azure Cosmos DB is Microsoft's globally distributed database service that is available in all Azure regions and clouds. It was designed from the ground up to be massively scalable and provide guaranteed low latency and high availability across any number of geographic locations. Cosmos DB uses a multi-model database engine and strict resource governance to securely isolate and optimize performance for different workloads across many tenants.
This document provides an overview of SQL Azure and Windows Azure Storage. SQL Azure allows hosting SQL databases in the cloud with high availability, load balancing, and provisioning via a portal or REST API. Applications can access SQL Azure databases using standard SQL libraries. Windows Azure Storage provides durable, highly available cloud storage for blobs, tables, queues and disks. It features global replication for redundancy and uses load balancing to scale out storage worldwide.
Real Application Cluster (RAC) allows multiple computers to simultaneously run Oracle RDBMS while accessing a single database, providing clustering. RAC provides high availability, scalability, and ease of administration by making multiple instances transparent to users. Nodes must have identical environments. Oracle Clusterware manages node additions and removals. Instances from different nodes write to the same physical database. The presentation covers RAC architecture, components, startup sequence, single instance configuration, node eviction, and tips for monitoring and improving the RAC environment.
This document discusses SQL Azure and Windows Azure Storage. SQL Azure allows storing databases in the cloud with high availability and load balancing. Windows Azure Storage provides durable cloud storage for blobs, disks, tables and queues. It replicates data across multiple datacenters for high availability and scales massively to store large amounts of unstructured and structured data.
Realtime olap architecture in apache kylin 3.0Shi Shao Feng
1) Apache Kylin v3.0 introduces a new real-time OLAP architecture using long-running streaming jobs to provide low latency queries over streaming data.
2) The data flow uses streaming receivers to aggregate streaming events in memory and flush to local disk in real-time segments before uploading to remote storage.
3) The query flow scans local real-time segments for low latency before querying remote historical data, providing millisecond responses over trillions of rows.
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Understand oracle real application cluster
1. Oracle Real Application Cluster
Satishbabu Gunukula
12+ Years of Experience in Oracle, SQLServer Database Technologies
Oracle Certified Professional Oracle 8i,9i,10g
Oracle Certified Expert Oracle 10g RAC
http://www.oracleracexpert.com
2. Objective
• What is Real Application Cluster?
• Oracle Cluster Benefits & Components
• Oracle Cluster Ready Services
• Interconnect & Cache fusion
• Oracle RAC Database & ASM
• Transparent Application Failover (TAF)
• Backup & Recovery
• New Features in Oracle 11g RAC
3. What is Real Application Cluster
• Lower Cost
• Scalability
• High Availability
• Ease Of Administration
• Transparent to users
• GRID computing
• More than one instance per database.
• Instances are running on different nodes.
• Instances on different nodes writes to the same physical
Database
4. What is Real Application Cluster
• Control file, Data files, Temp Files and Spfiles are on a
shared storage
• Shared storage may have a Clustered file system or ASM
or Raw Volumes
• Every Instance will have its own redo log files and Undo
segments
• Every Instance has its own background process
• All Cache (Data Buffer,Library ,Data Dictionary ) are
synchronized by Cache Fusion and resources managed
globally
• Backup and Recovery databases from any instance in the
Cluster.
5. What is Real Application Cluster
• Sessions failover using Transparent Application Failover
(TAF)
• Users can connect to any active instance (load balance)
• Additional waits due to interconnect traffic
Node1 Node2
Instance 1 Instance 2
Archived Logs Archived Logs
(Local Storage) (Local Storage)
Undo Tablespace Data Files Undo Tables pace
for Instance 1 Temp Files for Instance 2
Control Files
Online Redo log Flash Recovery AreaFiles Online Redo log
files for Instance 1 Change Tracking File files for Instance2
Spfile
Shared Storage
6. Shared Storage
Shared store is very critical component in Oracle RAC. Both
SAN/NAS are supported.
• Supported file storage
- Raw volumes
- Cluster File system(Oracle ACFS,OCFS,OCFS2)
- Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management)
- Direct NFS (new feature in 11g)
• Physical Connections to shared storage
- Fully redundant active –active IO paths
• For iSCSI - Fully redundant IO paths for iSCSI with multiple
NIC card each server and Gigabit Ethernet switches.
8. Oracle Clusterware
• Oracle Clusterware enables servers to communicate
with each other
• Each server in cluster has addition processes that
communicate with other servers.
• Oracle clusterware manages the resources, such as
Virtual IP
Addresses, Instances, databases, listeners, services..etc.
• You can also use Oracle Clusterware to manage the user
applications.
9. Benefits of using Cluster
• Scalability of Applications
• Use of less expensive commodity hardware
• Ability of failover
• Ability to program the startup of applications in planned
order
• Ability to monitor processes
• Ability to restart the process if they stop
• Ability to increase capacity over time by adding servers
10. Oracle Clusterware Benefits
• Eliminate unplanned downtime
• Reduce or eliminate planned downtime for maintenance
• Increase throughput by enabling applications to run on
all the nodes in a cluster
• Increase the throughput on demand for clustware
applications by adding serves
• Reduce the total cost for infrastructure
11. Oracle clusterware components
• Software components
Voting Disk- Oracle clusterware uses this component to
determine the which nodes are members of a cluster
Oracle Cluster Registry(OCR) – Oracle clusterware uses OCR to
sore and mange information about high-availability
components in the cluster, such as cluster node list, cluster
database instance to node mapping, VIP address, services and
applications.
• Both Vote and OCR must reside on shared storage that is
accessible by all nodes in a cluster
• At least 3 voting disks and maximum of 15 disks
• To ensure high availability multiplex OCR location up to 5
locations
12. Oracle clusterware Network Config
• The VIP addresses must be resolved by the clients. The
(Grid Naming Service) GNS is linked to the corporate
Domain Name Service (DNS) so that clients can easily
connect to the cluster and the databases running there
• Single Client Access Name (SCAN) - The SCAN is a single
name that resolves to three IP addresses in the public
network. When using GNS and DHCP, Oracle Clusterware
configures the VIP addresses for the SCAN name that is
provided during cluster configuration
• Oracle 11g R2 supports the use of DHCP for all private
interconnect addresses, as well as for most of the VIP
addresses.
13. Interconnects
• Cluster Interconnect is very important private network
used for communication between all other nodes
• Network pings are performed by Cluster Synchronization
Services (ocssd.bin)
• Connected via switch to other nodes
• New wait events due to traffic over interconnect
• Enhanced technology has helped Cache Fusion
• You can use OS dependent methods like Bonding on
Unix and teaming on Windows
• OS independent redundant interconnect available from
11.2.0.2 onwards (Not on Windows)
14. Cache Fusion
• Cache coherency is the technique used to keep multiple
copies of a block consistent between different oracle
instance.
• GCS implements the cache coherency by using Cache
fusion algorithm
• GES maintains all non-cache fusion resource operations
• Cache Fusion addresses several types of concurrency as
below:
– Concurrent Reads on Multiple Nodes
– Concurrent Reads and Writes on Different Nodes
– Concurrent Writes on Different Nodes
• Cache Fusion partially implemented in Oracle 8i OPS
15. Cache Fusion
• Request a block for a Modification
1. Instance1 submits a request to GCS to modify the block.
2. The GCS transmits the request to the holder, i.e. instance 2
3. Instance 2 receives the request message and the LMS process
sends the block to instance 1.
4. On receipt of the block, instance 1 informs the GCS that it holds
the block in exclusive mode
16. Cache Fusion
• Write a Block to Disk
1. Instance2 sends a request to GCS to write block to disk
2. The GCS forwards the request to instance 1
3. Instance 1 receives the request and writes the block to disk.
4. Instance 1 notifies the write operation to GCS
5. After receipt of notification GCS orders PI holders to discard their
PI’s
17. Block Access and Buffer states
• To see a buffer's state, query the STATUS column of the
V$BH dynamic performance view.
• Block access mode - NULL and buffer state name – CR
– An instance can perform a consistent read of the block. That is, if the instance
holds an older version of the data.
• Block access mode -S and buffer state name – SCUR
– An instance has shared access to the block and can only perform
reads.
• Block access mode - X and buffer state name – XCUR
– An instance has exclusive access to the block and can modify it.
• Block access mode - NULL and buffer state name is – PI
– An instance has made changes to the block but retains copies of
it as past images to record its state before changes.
18. Block Access and Buffer states
• SCUR and PI buffer states are RAC specific
• There can be only one copy of any one block buffered in the XCUR
state
• To perform modifications on a block, a process must assign an
XCUR buffer state to the buffer containing the data block.
19. Cluster ready services
Below processes must run after CRS installation In order for
Cluster Ready Services to function
• evmd -- Event manager daemon that starts the racgevt
process to manage callouts.
• ocssd -- Manages cluster node membership and runs as
oracle user; failure of this process results in cluster
restart.
• crsd -- Performs high availability recovery and
management operations such as maintaining the OCR.
Also manages application resources and runs as root
user and restarts automatically upon failure.
21. Cluster ready service Stack
• Cluster Ready Services (CRS): For managing high
availability operations in a cluster.
• Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS): Manages the
cluster configuration by controlling which nodes are
members of the cluster and by notifying members when
a node joins or leaves the cluster.
• Automatic Storage Management (ASM): Provides disk
management for Oracle Clusterware.
• Cluster Time Synchronization Service (CTSS): Provides
time management in a cluster for Oracle Clusterware.
• Event Management (EVM): A background process that
publishes events that Oracle Clusterware creates.
22. Cluster ready service Stack
• Oracle Notification Service (ONS): Publish and
subscribes service for communicating Fast Application
Notification (FAN) events.
• Oracle Agent (oraagent): To support Oracle-specific
requirements and complex resources. Runs server
callout scripts when FAN events occur. This process was
known as RACG in Oracle11g R1
• Oracle Root Agent (orarootagent): oraagent process
that helps crsd to manage resources owned by root,
such as the network, and the Grid virtual IP address
23. High Availability Services Stack
• Grid Plug and Play (gpnpd): Provides access to the Grid
Plug and Play profile, and coordinates updates to the
profile among the nodes of the cluster to ensure that all
of the nodes node have the most recent profile.
• Grid Interprocess Communication (GIPC): A helper
daemon for communications infrastructure. Currently
has no functionality; to be activated in a later release.
• Multicast Domain Name Service (mDNS): Allows DNS
requests. The mDNS process is a background process on
Linux and UNIX, and a service on Windows.
• Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNS): A gateway between
the cluster mDNS and external DNS servers. The gnsd
process performs name resolution within the cluster.
24. RAC Database
• Use DBCA (Database Configuration Assistant) to create
database and you can also configure listeners and
Enterprise Manager
• Before you create Database
– The Oracle Cluster Ready services must be installed and
configured. Share disk must be in place.
– If planning to use ASM then ASM resources should be available.
– Oracle Database software must be installed
• DBCA Automatically recognized the cluster environment
and will provide the options of configuring the RAC
environment.
• If database created manually then use srvctl to register
the database in the OCR
25. RAC Database
• Use DBCA (Database Configuration Assistant) to create
database and you can also configure listeners and
Enterprise Manager
• Before you create Database
– The Oracle Cluster Ready services must be installed and
configured. Share disk must be in place.
– If planning to use ASM then ASM resources should be available.
– Oracle Database software must be installed
• DBCA Automatically recognized the cluster environment
and will provide the options of configuring the RAC
environment.
• If database created manually then use srvctl to register
the database in the OCR
26. RAC Specific Background Processes
• LMON: Global Enque Service Monitor
– Maintains instance membership within Oracle RAC.
– All non-cache fusion interinstance resource
operations
– The process detects instance transitions and
performs reconfiguration of GES and GCS resources.
• LMD: Global Enque Service Demon
– Manages incoming enqueue request messages and
controls access to global enqueues.
– It also performs distributed deadlock detections
• Global Cache Service and Global enqueue service
manages Global Resource Directory (GRD)
27. RAC Specific Background Processes
• LMSx: Global Cache Service Processes, where x can be 0
to 10
– Managing the resource requests and cross-instance
call operation
– block transfers and other GCS-related messages
• LCKx: Lock processes
– This process manages the global enqueue requests
and the cross-instance broadcast
• DIAG : Diagnosability process
– Monitors the health of the instance and captures the
data for process failures
28. Automatic Storage Management(ASM)
• ASM provides portable and high performance database file
system and simplifies database administration
• ASM spread data across the disks and distributes I/O load
across all available resources to optimize performance
• ASM provides integrated mirroring across disks
• Dynamically add the space without shutdown of the
database
• It is advised to use separate ORACLE_HOME for ASM install
• You can configure the ASM using DBCA
• A separate instance (ASM) starts in order to manage ASM
disks, resources and connectivity
• Both ASM and Database instances have access to common
set of disks called disk groups
29. ASM background processes
ASM background Process
• ARBn : Performs the actual rebalance data extent movements in an
Automatic Storage Management instance. More than one process
can run at a time, named ARB0, ARB1, and so on.
• ASMB : Runs in a database instance that is using an ASM disk group
and communicates with the ASM instance in managing storage and
providing statistics.
• GMON: Maintains disk membership in ASM disk groups.
• MARK: This process marks ASM allocation units as stale following a
missed write to an offline disk. This essentially tracks which extents
require resync for offline disks.
• RBAL: This process runs in both database and ASM instances. In the
database instance, it does a global open of ASM disks and in an ASM
instance, it also coordinates rebalance activity for disk groups
30. New initialization parameters
Unique parameters in RAC Instance
• instance_name- Specifies the unique name of this instance
• instance_number- Specifies the unique number that maps to
instance
• thread – Specifies the number of the redo thread used by the
instance
Non-Unique parameters in RAC Instance
• cluster_database – specifies weather RAC enabled or not
• cluster_database_instance – equal to the number of instances in a
cluster
• cluster_interconnects – Specifies the additional interconnects
available for use
• active_instance_count– specifies the number of instances that will
be active within a cluster
31. New parameters
• remote_listener -specifies a network name that resolves to an
address or address list of Oracle Net remote listeners
• local_listener - specifies a network name that resolves to an address
or address list of Oracle Net local listeners
Parameters in ASM Instance
• instance_type – This parameter must be set to ASM
• asm_diskgroups – lists the name of the disk groups that will be
mounted by ASM instance
• asm_diskstring – This parameter limits the set of disks that ASM
consider for discovery
• asm_power_limit – specifies the Maximum power on an ASN
instance for disk rebalance operations
• asm_preferred_read_failure_groups - specifies the failure groups
that contain preferred read disks
32. Transparent Application Failover(TAF)
• Transparent Application Failover (TAF) is a client-side
feature that allows for clients to reconnect to surviving
nodes in the event of a failure of an instance.
• The reconnect happens automatically from within the
OCI (Oracle Call Interface) library. Any uncommitted
transactions are rolled back and server side program
variables and session properties will be lost.
• In some case the select statements automatically re-
executed on the new connection with the cursor
positioned on the row on which it was positioned prior
to the failover.
• The failover is configured in tnsnames.ora file, the TAF
settings are placed in CONNECT_DATA section of the
tnsnames.ora using FAILOVER_MODES parameters
33. TAF failover & load balance methods
• Failover modes
- TYPE: TAF supports three types of failover types
SESSION: If a user's connection is lost, SESSION failover establishes
a new session automatically created for the user on the backup
node. This type of failover does not attempt to recover selects
SELECT: If the connection is lost, Oracle Net establishes a
connection to another node and re-executes the SELECT
statements with cursor positioned on the row on which it was
positioned prior to the failover
NONE: This setting is the default and failover functionality is
provided. Use this setting to prevent failover.
- METHOD: This parameters determines how failover
occurs from the primary node to the backup node
BASIC: Use this mode to establish connections at failover time, no
work on the backup server until failover time
34. TAF failover & load balance methods
PRECONNECT: Use this mode to pre-established connections.
- RETRIES: Use this parameter to specify number of
times to attempt to connect after a failover
- DELAY: Use this parameter to Specify the amount of
time in seconds to wait between connect attempts.
• LOAD_BALANCE:YES,NO,OFF,TRUE
• There are two methods of load balancing
- Client load balancing - Distributes new connections
among Oracle RAC nodes so that no one server is
overloaded with connection requests
- Server load balancing – Distributes processing
workload among RAC nodes and new user session
connection requests to the least loaded listener.
• For failover information query view GV$SESSION –
failover_type,failover_method,failed_over
35. OCR & Vote Backup and Recovery
• Oracle recommends that you back up your OCR & voting
disk after initial cluster creation
• OCR - There are two methods to backup OCR
1. Automatically generated OCR backup files under
$CRS_HOME/cdata/crs
2. OCR export/logical backup
# ocrconfig -export export_file_name
• Use ocrconfig to restore OCR from backup
# ocrconfig –restore $CRS_HOME/cdata/crs/day.ocr
or
# ocrconfig –import export_file_name
• Vote –Use dd or ocopy command
Backup - $ dd if=vote_disk_name of=backup_file_name
Recovery- $ dd if=backup_file_name of=vote_disk_name
36. RAC Database Backup
• Backup RAC Database from any node in a Cluster
• You can take Full and incremental backup using RMAN
• You can backup to Tape,Disk and Cloud (using Media
Management Library from Oracle 11g)
• You can use Flash Recovery Area(FRA) for your backups
• As a Best practice, the backup device should be shared
between the nodes for easy recovery
• Perform backups of your RAC database using Enterprise
Manager
• Scale up the Backup load onto multiple Instances of RAC
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL C1 CONNECT ‘sys/xxxx@inst1’;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL C2 CONNECT ‘sys/xxx@Inst2’;
37. RAC Database Recovery
• Automatic instance recovery occurs for failed instances
due to hardware or software problems
– SMON Determines the block needed for recovery and Global
Resource Directory (GRD) is forgen
– GES remasters enqueues and GCS remasters the resources
– Buffer space for recovery allocated and block not in recovery
will be accessible, oracle performs roll forward recovery.
• As long as one instance survives, RAC performs instance
recovery for any other failed instances
• In case of any Media failure recovery the database from
any instance in the Cluster. After recovery manually start
the other instance in cluster.
• If using Flashbak Recovery Area then you can SWTICH
the database, in case of media recovery.
38. Performance tuning
• ADDM (Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor) is a
performance monitor tool, which proactively monitors the
performance and also captures RAC related issues
• The statistical data needed for diagnosis of a problem is
saved in the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR).
• Oracle Database 10g uses a scheduled job,
GATHER_STATS_JOB(GATHER_DATABASE_STATS_JOB_PROC
) to collect AWR statistics
• The ADDM Analyzed the data in AWR on regular basis to
find the root cause of performance problems and provides
recommendations to correct the problems.
• ADDM is enabled by default and is controlled by the
STATISTICS_LEVEL initialization parameter. This parameter
should be set to the TYPICAL or ALL to enable the ADDM,
default setting is TYPICAL.
• For ADDM Analysis you can run addmrpt.sql
39. Performance tuning
• For AWR reports you can run awrrpt.sql, awrrpti.sql for
RAC
• ADDM provides the following benefits:
– Automatic performance diagnostic report every hour by default
– Problem diagnosis based on decades of tuning expertise
– Time-based quantification of problem impacts and
recommendation benefits
– Identification of root cause, not symptoms
– Recommendations for treating the root causes of problems
– Identification of non-problem areas of the system
– Minimal overhead to the system during the diagnostic process
• The v$cache_transfer and v$file_cache_transfer views
are used to examine RAC statistics
40. Performance tuning
• In RAC, the global services directory processes is the
most important tuning area. GSD is communicates
through cluster interconnect. If cluster interconnects
do not perform properly, the entire RAC will suffer no
matter how well everything else is tuned.
• The Global Enqueue Services (GES) and Global Cache
Services (GCS) are the main process
• Wait events can be divided as three categories
– 1.Time-based event
– 2.System-wide event
– 3.Session wait
• The major wait events in Oracle RAC are:
– gc cr request
– gc buffer busy
41. Performance tuning
• The most important wait events for RAC include
various categories, such as:
• Block-oriented
– gc current block 2-way
– gc current block 3-way
– gc cr block 2-way
– gc cr block 3-way
• Message-oriented
– gc current grant 2-way
– gc cr grant 2-way
• Contention-oriented
– gc current block busy
– gc cr block busy
– gc current buffer busy