1) A cloze test involves removing words from a text at regular intervals and having test takers fill in the blanks, while a C-test removes the second half of every second word. 2) Both aim to test reading comprehension, but C-tests allow for more items from shorter texts and can be scored more objectively. 3) Advantages of C-tests include allowing a representative sample of language elements, being less time-consuming for students than cloze tests, and having objective scoring. Disadvantages include lower face validity and potential focus on vocabulary over comprehension.

1. Cloze Test and C-
Test
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Tri Wayati 090210401064
Qadrina Lailyn Amrullah 090210401067
Wahyu Arista 090210401090
Dwi Wirastianti Novita S 100210401136

2. Cloze Test
The Definition of Cloze Test
 A cloze test involves a piece of text, from which a number
of words have been removed.
 The Cloze Test is intended to measure students’ ability to
decode interrupted or mutilated messages by making the
most acceptable substitutions from all the contextual clues
available.
 The principle of cloze testing is based on the Gestalt theory
of “closure” (closing gaps in patterns subconsciously).

3. The Characteristic of Cloze Test
 Cloze test items consist of words that are deleted from a
text after allowing a few sentences of introduction.
 The deletion rate is mechanically set, usually between
every 5th and 8th .
 Candidates have to fill each gap by supplying the words
they think has been deleted (Weir, 1990:46).

4. The Varieties of Cloze Test
 In the fixed-ratio method, every n-th word is indiscriminately
deleted. n is its frequency that determines the number of
deletions.
 The interval deletion of cloze test is between 3rd – 11th word.
 The most widely favoured for deletion: 5th, 6th, and 7th.
 Variable-ratio method omits only certain kind of words which
the constructor thinks of the importance for a certain
purposes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositions, etc.
 In modified fixed-ratio method, words are deleted on a
regular counting basis, but certain items are skipped. These
items include names of persons, places, objects, dates,
months etc.

5. The Example of Cloze Test
Lead in
Hidden Treasure
Once upon a time, a farmer had three sons. The farmer was rich
……… had many fields. When ……… farmer was dying, he ……… his
three sons to ……… . “I have left you ……… which will make you
………”, he told them. “But ……… must dig in all ……… fields to find the
De
……… where the treasure was ………”. After the old man ………, his
let
three lazy sons ……… out into the fields. ……… began to dig. “I’ll ………
de
the first to find ……… place where the treasure ……… buried”, cried
the eldest ……… . “That’s the field where ……… father put the
treasure”, ……… another son. The three ……… dug all the fields ………
several years, but they ……… no treasure. However, many ……… grew
in the fields ……… the sons had dug. The vegetables made them very
rich.

6. The Differences between Cloze Test and Fill In
The Blank
1. The appearance of Cloze and completion type or simple
blank filling test/fill-in blank test is similar, but they are
different.
2. In Cloze test, the deleted words are not deleted
subjectively but systematically. Besides, it is over
substantial portions of connected discourse (dealing with
contextually interrelated series of blanks, not isolated
ones).
3. Fill-in blank tests are constructed over single isolated
sentences.

7. The Scoring Method
According to Krachen (1978) there are two methods of scoring
the cloze test:
•The exact word scoring method in which the completion is
counted as correct as long as it is exactly the same as the
original word being deleted from the text.
•The approximate word scoring method in which the
correctness of an item is put on the basis of its suitability to
the total surrounding of the text.

8. The Advantages of Cloze Test The Disadvantages of Cloze
Test
3.Easy to construct and easy to
score if the exact-word scoring It is difficult to determine
method is applied. whether a certain word is
appropriate to the text or not,
2. With the 5th word deletion, so that is takes a long time to
a large number of items can be check.
taken on a relatively a short
text.
3. It is claimed as a valid
measure for reading
comprehension test.

9. C-Test
The Definition of C-Test
 The C-test is an adaptation of the cloze technique that has been
developed by Christinee Klein-Braley and Ulrich Raatz in 1983.
 Weir (1990:49) claims that C-test is based on the same
theoretical rationale as cloze.
 In C-test, “the rule of two” has been applied: the second half of
every second word has been deleted, beginning with the second
word of the second sentence; the first and last sentences are left
intact.
To provide a lead-in (to give test takers a chance to become familiar
with the author’s style and approach to the subject of the text).

10. The Example of C-Test
Lead in
Once there was a merchant family who owned a dog and a
ni___
donkey. One night when t__ owner o_ the ho___ was fa__ a sleep
i_ his b__, a th___ broke in___ the ho___ to st___ some o_ the
De
own___ possessions. Th_ donkey w__ saw th_ thief, wo__ the d__
le
ted
up a__ said, “H_! Look! Th___ a th___ in t__ house! W__ don’t y__
bark a__ wake t__ master u_? “ Why should I care about our
master?” the dog replied.

11. The Scoring Method
According to Weir (1990:49), only an exact word scoring
method is adopted in C-test. Because of the partially deletion
of the words, it is rare for the test takers to find more than one
answer for each items.

12. The Comparison with the Cloze Test
The C-test appears to have some advantages over the cloze test:
By “damaging” every second word, we can obtain a more
representative sample of all the different language elements in the
text than in the cloze, where normally only every fifth or sixth word
is left out.
Many more items can be included in much shorter texts, making
the test less time-consuming for the students than the cloze.
Unlike the cloze test, scoring is easy and objective.
As a rule, students actually like doing C-tests, whereas the cloze
test is one of the most frustrating test types for learners.

13. The Advantages of C-Test The Disadvantages of C-Test
3.In C-test, a variety of texts 3.The face validity is low
are recommended. A short because there are many blanks
text can be formed a large spaces.
number of items.
5.If the isolated words are
5.The correction of the task difficult, the test takers
can be objectively scored as it concentrate their mind in
is rare to have more than one guessing the vocabulary
answer. instead of comprehending the
rading text.
7.The results are encouraging
in terms of reliability and
validity.