This document discusses types of informal assessments, including cloze procedures. It provides details on how to create and administer cloze passages by deleting words in a pattern. Cloze procedures can be used to assess specific reading comprehension skills like vocabulary. The document also discusses the development and effectiveness of the cloze test procedure for determining the readability level of texts for students.
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Topic: Objective Types Items
Student Name: Kaleemullah
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Topic: Objective Types Items
Student Name: Kaleemullah
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Vocabulary is one of the important aspects that need to be taken into account by English teachers. Even if you knew all about grammatical rules of English you would never be able to use them without a knowledge of words. Vocabulary is the basic tool for shaping and transmitting meaning (Olmos, 2009).
Summary of testing language skills from theory to practice part one (hossein ...Sedigh (Sid) Mohammadi
Testing Language Skills from Theory to Practice part one (Hossein Farhady)
l
این کتاب برای دانشجویان رشته مترجمی و دبیری زبان انگلیسی در مقطع کارشناسی به عنوان منبع اصلی درس آزمون سازی زبان به ارزش 2 واحد تدوین شده است.
Analysis of Traditional Assessment in the EFL TeachingYogeshIJTSRD
The article seeks to compare traditional assessment procedures such as multiple choice tests with performance or alternative assessments. The descriptive analysis method was used to express the effectiveness of traditional assessment and its advantages, limitations as well. The author analyzes multiple choice tests that used to evaluate foreign language students from Physics and Math faculty at Nukus state pedagogical institute. Also, the article describes some assessment types. The authors analyze multiple choice tests and suggest some alternative assignments and employ other type of assessment in the teaching process to achieve effective results. Kaljanova Umit Aitbayevna | Tajenova Sayora Bayronovna "Analysis of Traditional Assessment in the EFL Teaching" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39970.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/39970/analysis-of-traditional-assessment-in-the-efl-teaching/kaljanova-umit-aitbayevna
Quantitative Research,Mackey&Gass ch.3, TEFL/TESL, data collectionSomayeh Sorouri
Slides for the presentation of the chapter 3 of the book. It mainly provided examples of data collection in Humanities research. :)
(ppt creation: December 2019)
An exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of language with certain items, words, or signs removed, where the participant is asked to replace the missing language item.
Vocabulary is one of the important aspects that need to be taken into account by English teachers. Even if you knew all about grammatical rules of English you would never be able to use them without a knowledge of words. Vocabulary is the basic tool for shaping and transmitting meaning (Olmos, 2009).
Summary of testing language skills from theory to practice part one (hossein ...Sedigh (Sid) Mohammadi
Testing Language Skills from Theory to Practice part one (Hossein Farhady)
l
این کتاب برای دانشجویان رشته مترجمی و دبیری زبان انگلیسی در مقطع کارشناسی به عنوان منبع اصلی درس آزمون سازی زبان به ارزش 2 واحد تدوین شده است.
Analysis of Traditional Assessment in the EFL TeachingYogeshIJTSRD
The article seeks to compare traditional assessment procedures such as multiple choice tests with performance or alternative assessments. The descriptive analysis method was used to express the effectiveness of traditional assessment and its advantages, limitations as well. The author analyzes multiple choice tests that used to evaluate foreign language students from Physics and Math faculty at Nukus state pedagogical institute. Also, the article describes some assessment types. The authors analyze multiple choice tests and suggest some alternative assignments and employ other type of assessment in the teaching process to achieve effective results. Kaljanova Umit Aitbayevna | Tajenova Sayora Bayronovna "Analysis of Traditional Assessment in the EFL Teaching" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39970.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/39970/analysis-of-traditional-assessment-in-the-efl-teaching/kaljanova-umit-aitbayevna
Quantitative Research,Mackey&Gass ch.3, TEFL/TESL, data collectionSomayeh Sorouri
Slides for the presentation of the chapter 3 of the book. It mainly provided examples of data collection in Humanities research. :)
(ppt creation: December 2019)
An exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of language with certain items, words, or signs removed, where the participant is asked to replace the missing language item.
Cloze procedure technique in reading and listening comprehensionAhsan Sajjad
This slide is about Cloze Procedure Technique in Reading and Listening Comprehension,after reading this you are able to know the technique that used in reading and you better able to
to understand the listening comprehention.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
1. NAMA : JUWITA
KELAS : NON REGULER
TYPES OF INFORMAL ASSESSMENT
I. Cloze Procedure
The cloze procedure is a reading comprehension activity in which words are omitted
from a passage and students are required to fill in the blanks. This procedure is incredibly
useful in reading instruction because it can be easily done by any teacher and provides
valuable reading comprehension information.
A. Creating a Cloze Passage
There are several different methods used to create cloze passages. All of these
methods entail finding a passage that is at the target student's reading level and deleting
words in a pattern. The range for deleting words depends on reading ability and what kind
of skills you wish to assess. You can delete every five words up to every 10-20 words or
more. If you wish to assess a more specific skill, such as specific vocabulary words, you can
select a passage and delete only those vocabulary words.
Let's look at an example of a cloze passage by converting the information we just
discussed into text. Notice how just about every fifth word has been deleted.
There are several different (blank) used to create cloze (blank). All of these (blank)
entail finding a passage (blank) is at the target (blank) reading level and deleting (blank) in a
pattern.
The (blank) for deleting words (blank) on reading ability and what (blank) of skills you
wish to (blank). You can delete every (blank) words up to every (blank) words or more. If
(blank) wish to assess a more (blank) skill, such as (blank) vocabulary words, you can (blank)
a passage and delete (blank) those vocabulary words.
B. Assessment Using Cloze
The cloze procedure is commonly used in reading assessment because it requires
students to use different reading comprehension skills to fill in the blank.
For example, if a cloze procedure was used to assess vocabulary, students would
need to use their knowledge of the vocabulary words as well as context clues in the passage
to determine which word should be used to fill in the blank.
Assessment using the cloze procedure is less concerned with fluent student reading
and more with targeting specific reading comprehension skills. Reading a cloze passage
2. requires students to look to either side of a blank to figure out which word needs to be used
to fill in the blank. This flexibility means that the cloze procedure can be used to assess a
variety of skills.
A Cloze Text (also called the "cloze deletiontest") is an exercise, test, o rassessment
consisting of a portion of text with certain words removed (cloze text), where the teacher
asks the participan tto restore the missing words. Cloze tests require students to understand
context and vocabulary to identify the correct words that belong in the deleted passages of
a text.
EXAMPLE:
A language teachermaygive the followingpassage tostudents: "Today,I wentto the ________
and boughtsome breadandpeanut butter.I knew itwasgoingto rain, but I forgotto take my
________, and got weton the way."
The teacher instructs the students to fill in the blanks with words that they think best fits
the passage. Both context in language and content terms are essential in most cloze
tests.The first blank is preceded by "the" ;there for, a noun , an adjective or an adverb must
follow. However ,a conjunction follows the blank ;the sentence would not be grammatically
correctif anything other than a noun were in the blank.The words " bread and peanut butter
"are important for deciding which noun to put in the blank; "supermarket " is a possible
answer ; depending on the student, however, the first blank could either be store,
supermarket ,shopormarket ,while umbrella or raincoat fit the second.
The Development of the Cloze Test
Research indicates that teachers at many elementary schools require their students
to read books and materials that they often struggle to read.This condition is largely based
on the graded system which assumes tha tall children learn all things at virtually the same
time. It seems imperative that teachers choose materials which match the students' reading
skills.
To accomplish this, the first task is to determine the appropriateness of reading
materials forvarious students.To some extent,the standardized achievement tests of feredat
least once a school year in most school systems,provide such information .However, the
results of such tests do not provide a reliable index of reading success invarious materials.
The reasons for this are:
1) Achievement tests are based on limited samples ; they can not predict achievement
accurately in specific materials which draw on varied concepts, sentence patterns,etc.
2) Achievement tests are most reliable in the middle ranges of achievement.They often
mislead in measuring the achievement of those in the lower reading ranges.
3. Because standardized tests can not accurately determine the suitability of given reading
materials,many reading authorities suggest informal test sof the involved materials.The best
test of reading skill relies on the student's ability or inability to readt he given material.
Thus,if a sixth grade teacher wishes to find out which students can read and compreh end
the sixth grade geography text,the teacher must:
1. Direct each student to read a specified portion of the text.
2. Direct the student to demonstrate some degree of understanding.
A student can do this by answering questions about the selection. This method of
testing materials is generally called "informal reading inventory testing. "In most instances
the label is equated with the task of finding pupils' reading levels by asking them to read a
series of increasingly difficult selections (followed by comprehension questions).
Students in the earlier stages of reading development read the various materials
both orally and silently,while higher level students read silently before answering the
questions.
Although potentially valuable, "informal reading inventory testing " involves many
qualitative decisions on the part of the teacher,such as :
1) Oral Reading
Mute are oral reading errors? What are the maximum number of oral reading errors that
can be permitted? How fluent should the oral reading be? How do you determine fluency?
2) Silent Reading
What is a reasonable amount of time to read the given selection?
3) Comprehension
What are the most important elements that the student should remember about the
selection?
To what extentare the questions relevant to the main elements of the selection?
The quality of judgments in the above depends upon verys ophisticated judgments.
Infact, the judgments canbe so so phisticated that reading experts suggest that teachers
may make completely in appropriate judgments if they use the prevailing error marking
systems.
At this point the question many teachers ask is, "If teachers can not depend upon
achievement tests or their own observations to determine the suitability of reading
materials for different children,what, then can they use?'
4. We have two very different ways. Several diagnostic reading test authors have
developed tests that can more accurately predict the proper instructional level of texts,and
others have presented data to indicate that their special instruments will predict more
accurately than achievement tests.
Another way has been seen in the "cloze technique"procedure as developed by John
Bormuth (1967).
In the "Cloze Test Procedure,"the teacher instructs student store store omitted
words (usually every fifth word) in a reading passage. Based on reviewing students' restored
words from the text passages, the teacher can determine a more accurate level of
comprehension.
Because the Botel Read ability Formula and Spache Read ability Formula (as well as
other formulas) suffer from the same limitations as achievement tests, it appears that their
usefulness to determine the appropriateness of reading material is limited.
The Cloze Testis different. Devoid of such restraints and geared to the
exactmaterial,the Cloze Test Procedure adds more value to determine the read ability of any
selected text for any student.
WilsonL.Taylor introduced the term "cloze procedure" in 1953 and thoroughly
researched the value of closure tasks as predictors of reading comprehension.Basic to the
procedure is the idea of closure where in the reader must use the surrounding context to
restore omitted words. Comprehension of the total unitand its available parts (including the
emerging cloze write-ins) is essential to the task.
To use the Cloze Test Procedure to score material, follow this protocol:
Administration
1. Omite very 5th word,replacing it with a blankspace for the student to write in the answer.
2. Instruct students to write only one word in each blank and to try to fill in everyblank.
3. Guessing is encouraged.
4. Advise students that you will not count misspellings as errors.
Scoring
1. In most instances,the exact word must be restored.
2. Misspellings are counted as correct when the response is deemed correction a meaning
sense.
Validating the effectiveness of the Cloze Test as a measure of read ability and
comprehension is interesting because of:
5. 1) the ways in which reading comprehension is scored ;and
2) the almost universal finding of high correlations between cloze and other prediction
instruments.
Initially Taylor(1953) compared cloze score rankings of passages of varying difficulty
with read ability rankings of the same passages by two common read ability formulas, Dale-
Chall and Flesch formulas.
The passages were similarly rankordered by each technique.The Cloze Test scored
the readability of very difficult text passages more accurately than the Dale-Chall and Flesch
formulas.
Modality Testing
The techniques of meta-analysis were used to arrive at a quantitative synthesis of
findings from 39 studies searching for aptitude-treatment interactions.The primary findings
indicated that neither modality assessment normodality instruction were efficacious. When
subjects were assessed to as certain modality preferences, considerable overlap was found
between groups exhibiting a modality preference and those not exhibiting such a
preference. Modality preference groups were not as clearly differentiated asassumed. With
respect to instruction,no benefits accrued to subjects taught by methods matched to their
modality preferences. When compared to control subjects receiving no special instruction,
the subjects in the modality preference groups receiving differential instruction exhibited
only modestgains. Insum,noempirical support was rendered for the modality model.It was
concluded that,although intuitively appealing, the modality model should be dismissed and
efforts be directed at enhancing general instructional methodology.
Assessment Probes
Today's elementary teachers are faced with many different types of learners in their
classrooms. Students come to the science classroom with a wide range of out-of-school
experiences,different cultural and economic back grounds, languages, learningstyles, and
cognitive levels that affect how they engage in and learn science.
Page Keeley, developer of the science formative assessment probes for the
"Uncovering Student Ideas" series, tries to anticipate and address the needs of all learners
who might be using the probes.
However,each classroom is unique and teachers are encouraged to modify the
probes to best address the diversity in their own student populations. This column describes
some of the features of formative assessment probes designed to broadly address all
students as well as ways teachers can make further modifications to meet the diverse needs
with in their own classrooms.