This document discusses cloud computing and provides definitions, layers, architectures, and processes related to cloud computing. It begins with definitions of cloud computing and discusses how it gets its name from the internet symbol of a cloud. It then covers layers of cloud computing including software, platform, and infrastructure as services. Main cloud processes like migration and virtualization are described. The document presents an agenda and table of contents to guide the discussion.
The curriculum vitae provides biographical information on Omer K. Jasim including his education, research interests, teaching experience, awards, publications, and technical skills. It details his PhD in computer science from Ain Shams University in Egypt as well as his experience as a lecturer and head of the computer science department at various universities in Iraq. The CV highlights his research focus on network security, cryptography, cloud computing and his publication of papers in international conferences and journals.
This document proposes a new security architecture for cloud computing environments that addresses various security gaps. It presents a hybrid technique combining Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for encryption and decryption with random key generation. QKD provides more flexibility for communication through attack detection, while addressing shortcomings of each individual approach like limited distance of QKD and key availability issues of AES. The new approach aims to provide a more trusted cloud communication environment.
This presentation describes the various study on using the multi-cloud storage architecture for providing data security and consistency to the cloud users.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cloud computing and security issues in theIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The
global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important
to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security
aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and
service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology.
With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service
providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations
with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing
those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages
that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud
computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud
infrastructure.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Cloud Computing Using Encryption and Intrusion Detectionijsrd.com
Cloud computing provides many benefits to the users such as accessibility and availability. As the data is available over the cloud, it can be accessed by different users. There may be sensitive data of organization. This is the one issue to provide access to authenticated users only. But the data can be accessed by the owner of the cloud. So to avoid getting data being accessed by the cloud owner, we will use the intrusion detection system to provide security to the data. The other issue is to save the data backup in other cloud in encrypted form so that load balancing can be done. This will help the user with data availability in case of failure of one cloud.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document discusses secure authorization for cloud computing using smartphones. It proposes a distributed framework that uses a Unit Transaction Permission Coin (UTPC) as a security token for cloud user authorization. The UTPC is generated using a hash function like SHA or MD5, making it difficult for intruders to break. The framework registers and authenticates trusted smartphone devices using their IMEI and IMSI identifiers in an untrusted computing environment. The resulting UTPC-based authorization method is lightweight and compatible with real-time cloud applications.
The curriculum vitae provides biographical information on Omer K. Jasim including his education, research interests, teaching experience, awards, publications, and technical skills. It details his PhD in computer science from Ain Shams University in Egypt as well as his experience as a lecturer and head of the computer science department at various universities in Iraq. The CV highlights his research focus on network security, cryptography, cloud computing and his publication of papers in international conferences and journals.
This document proposes a new security architecture for cloud computing environments that addresses various security gaps. It presents a hybrid technique combining Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for encryption and decryption with random key generation. QKD provides more flexibility for communication through attack detection, while addressing shortcomings of each individual approach like limited distance of QKD and key availability issues of AES. The new approach aims to provide a more trusted cloud communication environment.
This presentation describes the various study on using the multi-cloud storage architecture for providing data security and consistency to the cloud users.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cloud computing and security issues in theIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The
global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important
to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security
aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and
service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology.
With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service
providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations
with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing
those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages
that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud
computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud
infrastructure.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Cloud Computing Using Encryption and Intrusion Detectionijsrd.com
Cloud computing provides many benefits to the users such as accessibility and availability. As the data is available over the cloud, it can be accessed by different users. There may be sensitive data of organization. This is the one issue to provide access to authenticated users only. But the data can be accessed by the owner of the cloud. So to avoid getting data being accessed by the cloud owner, we will use the intrusion detection system to provide security to the data. The other issue is to save the data backup in other cloud in encrypted form so that load balancing can be done. This will help the user with data availability in case of failure of one cloud.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document discusses secure authorization for cloud computing using smartphones. It proposes a distributed framework that uses a Unit Transaction Permission Coin (UTPC) as a security token for cloud user authorization. The UTPC is generated using a hash function like SHA or MD5, making it difficult for intruders to break. The framework registers and authenticates trusted smartphone devices using their IMEI and IMSI identifiers in an untrusted computing environment. The resulting UTPC-based authorization method is lightweight and compatible with real-time cloud applications.
This document discusses security issues and challenges related to data security in cloud computing. It begins by providing background on cloud computing and its benefits. It then discusses some key security challenges including data breaches, insecure interfaces, denial of service attacks, eavesdropping, data loss, lack of compatibility between cloud services, abuse of cloud technologies, insufficient user understanding of risks, and safe storage of encryption keys. It also discusses issues regarding data integrity verification and privacy when data is outsourced to cloud servers. In the end, it recommends solutions such as homomorphic encryption, decentralized information flow control, and data accountability frameworks to enhance security in cloud computing.
This document discusses security aspects of mobile cloud computing. It begins with an abstract discussing how cloud computing offers scalable and secure computation resources as a service. Mobile cloud computing combines mobile computing, cloud computing, and wireless networks. The document then analyzes existing security challenges and issues in cloud and mobile cloud environments. It identifies key long-term security and privacy issues based on documented problems. The document provides an overview of cloud computing models, characteristics, architectures, and security issues. It discusses how the flexibility and openness of cloud environments challenge assumptions about application security.
Reliable security in cloud computing environment 2-3-4-5-6IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on providing reliable security in cloud computing environments. It discusses how using a single cloud provider poses risks from service availability failures and potential malicious insiders. The document then proposes using a multi-cloud approach to improve security and reliability. It describes an algorithm that uses secret sharing to distribute encrypted data across multiple cloud providers, so that any subset of the providers is needed to reconstruct the encrypted data and ensure the integrity of stored information. Overall, the document advocates for a multi-cloud architecture to enhance data security, availability, and integrity when using cloud computing.
Security and Privacy Enhancing Multicloud Architectureijsrd.com
In recent years use of Cloud computing in different mode like cloud storage, cloud hosting, cloud servers are increased in industries and other organizations as per requirements. The Security challenges are still among the biggest obstacles when considering the adoption of cloud services. For this a lot of research has been done. With these, security issues, the cloud paradigm comes with a new set of unique features, which open the path toward novel security approaches, techniques, and architectures.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Clouds provide a powerful computing platform that enables individuals and organizations to perform variety levels of tasks such as: use of online storage space, adoption of business applications, development of customized computer software, and creation of a “realistic” network environment. In previous years, the number of people using cloud services has dramatically increased and lots of data has been stored in cloud computing environments. In the meantime, data breaches to cloud services are also increasing every year due to hackers who are always trying to exploit the security vulnerabilities of the architecture of cloud. In this paper, three cloud service models were compared; cloud security risks and threats were investigated based on the nature of the cloud service models. Real world cloud attacks were included to demonstrate the techniques that hackers used against cloud computing systems. In addition,countermeasures to cloud security breaches are presented.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
A survey on secured data outsourcing in cloud computingIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a survey on secured data outsourcing in cloud computing. It discusses the security threats posed by outsourcing data to the cloud, including loss of user control over data and difficulty of using traditional cryptographic techniques. It also reviews several existing approaches for secure outsourcing of computations, including using garbled circuits, secure multi-party computation protocols, and techniques for specific computations like sequence comparisons and linear algebra. However, existing approaches often have limitations such as high computational complexity, assumptions of non-colluding servers, or symmetrical computational loads across parties. The survey concludes that new techniques are still needed to securely outsource general computations to cloud servers in an efficient and practical manner.
A survey on data security in cloud computing issues and mitigation techniqueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fog computing extends cloud computing by providing security and data processing capabilities at the edge of the network, close to end users and devices. It aims to address issues like high latency and bandwidth usage that can occur when all data processing is done in the cloud. Fog computing deploys computing, storage, and applications between end devices and cloud data centers so that data can be processed locally when needed. This helps enable real-time applications like smart energy grids that require low latency responses by running applications on edge devices instead of sending all data to the cloud.
A Security Model for Virtual Infrastructure in the CloudEditor IJCATR
1) The document proposes a new security model called the cloud protection system for virtual infrastructure in cloud computing.
2) The model aims to increase security in the cloud by more accurately monitoring virtual machines and cloud infrastructure components to detect threats like denial of service attacks.
3) The key components of the proposed model include monitoring core cloud components and middleware, detecting any unauthorized changes, and prioritizing packet processing to avoid dropping important packets during denial of service attacks.
Networking Issues and Challenges In Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
This document discusses some of the networking issues and challenges of cloud computing. It begins by explaining how cloud computing works at a high level, allowing users to access applications and data remotely without having to install software locally. However, there are challenges around data security, user authentication, and data breaches that need to be addressed. The cloud architecture typically involves frontend and backend components communicating over a network, usually the internet. Key security challenges include securing data during storage and use, limiting access to authorized users, and planning for disasters or breaches. Addressing these challenges is important for successfully implementing a cloud strategy while maintaining security and performance.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the integration of data warehouse and big data technologies. It outlines some of the key differences between data warehouses and big data, such as data warehouses being structured data focused while big data handles structured and unstructured data. However, it argues that both aim to support data exploration and decision making, so they should be integrated. It reviews existing integration proposals and highlights common elements between the technologies that could serve as a basis for full integration. Finally, it proposes an approach to integrating data warehouses and big data.
EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR MANAGING AUTOMATION AND MONITORING IN MULTI-CLOUD COMPUT...IJNSA Journal
Multi-cloud is an advanced version of cloud computing that allows its users to utilize different cloud systems from several Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) remotely. Although it is a very efficient computing
facility, threat detection, data protection, and vendor lock-in are the major security drawbacks of this infrastructure. These factors act as a catalyst in promoting serious cyber-crimes of the virtual world. Privacy and safety issues of a multi-cloud environment have been overviewed in this research paper. The
objective of this research is to analyze some logical automation and monitoring provisions, such as monitoring Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), home automation, automation in Big Data Infrastructure (BDI), Disaster Recovery (DR), and secret protection. The Results of this research investigation indicate that it is possible to avoid security snags of a multi-cloud interface by adopting these scientific solutions methodically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Establishing applications on on-demand infrastructures rather of building applica-tions on fixed and rigid infrastructures was provided by cloud computing provides. By merely exploiting into the cloud, initiatives can gain fast access to business applications or infrastructure resources with decreased Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The more and more information is placed into the cloud by someone and initiatives, security issues begins to develop and raised. This paper discusses the different security issues that rise up about how secure the mo-bile cloud computing environment.
CloudGenius offers an incremental and evolutionary process for migrating IT systems to the cloud that uses the (MC2)2 framework to evaluate alternatives and make complex decisions through multi-criteria analysis and decision making methods like AHP, and a prototype called CumulusGenius is available to demonstrate this migration process.
The document outlines a 7-step process for developing a cloud security plan. The steps are: 1) Review business goals; 2) Maintain a risk management program; 3) Create a security plan that supports business goals; 4) Establish corporate-wide support; 5) Create security policies, procedures, and standards; 6) Audit and review often; 7) Continuously improve. Following these steps will help organizations develop effective security plans to take advantage of cloud services while meeting security and compliance needs.
SLACC is a decision support system that aims to help cloud providers and users negotiate service level agreements (SLAs) by estimating key performance indicators (KPIs) and service level objectives (SLOs). It analyzes historical data and information about a provider's IT infrastructure to evaluate what levels of availability, response time, and other parameters a provider can likely offer or accept. The system is intended to enhance SLA specificity and support negotiation processes without directly interfering with existing cloud architectures.
This document discusses metrics that can be used at various phases of the product development process, including code metrics during development, test addition metrics, test execution metrics, test coverage metrics, stability trends, prediction metrics, and bug metrics. The metrics are intended to provide objective indicators of product quality, check progress, aid decisions about phase exits/entries, and trigger actions for improvement. Key metrics discussed include code complexity, test coverage, bug trends, and achieving a goal of zero open bugs for release.
The Path To Cloud - an Infograph on Cloud MigrationInApp
Public cloud use makes up 18% of cloud adoption, while private cloud accounts for 71% and hybrid models 6%. On average, cloud users leverage 1.5 public clouds and 1.7 private clouds, and are experimenting with 1.5 additional public clouds and 1.3 private clouds. Security is no longer the top cloud challenge, replaced by concerns about reliability, tech support, price, and reputation. The document is an infographic from InApp summarizing trends in cloud adoption from surveys by Right Scale and Amazon.
This document discusses security issues and challenges related to data security in cloud computing. It begins by providing background on cloud computing and its benefits. It then discusses some key security challenges including data breaches, insecure interfaces, denial of service attacks, eavesdropping, data loss, lack of compatibility between cloud services, abuse of cloud technologies, insufficient user understanding of risks, and safe storage of encryption keys. It also discusses issues regarding data integrity verification and privacy when data is outsourced to cloud servers. In the end, it recommends solutions such as homomorphic encryption, decentralized information flow control, and data accountability frameworks to enhance security in cloud computing.
This document discusses security aspects of mobile cloud computing. It begins with an abstract discussing how cloud computing offers scalable and secure computation resources as a service. Mobile cloud computing combines mobile computing, cloud computing, and wireless networks. The document then analyzes existing security challenges and issues in cloud and mobile cloud environments. It identifies key long-term security and privacy issues based on documented problems. The document provides an overview of cloud computing models, characteristics, architectures, and security issues. It discusses how the flexibility and openness of cloud environments challenge assumptions about application security.
Reliable security in cloud computing environment 2-3-4-5-6IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on providing reliable security in cloud computing environments. It discusses how using a single cloud provider poses risks from service availability failures and potential malicious insiders. The document then proposes using a multi-cloud approach to improve security and reliability. It describes an algorithm that uses secret sharing to distribute encrypted data across multiple cloud providers, so that any subset of the providers is needed to reconstruct the encrypted data and ensure the integrity of stored information. Overall, the document advocates for a multi-cloud architecture to enhance data security, availability, and integrity when using cloud computing.
Security and Privacy Enhancing Multicloud Architectureijsrd.com
In recent years use of Cloud computing in different mode like cloud storage, cloud hosting, cloud servers are increased in industries and other organizations as per requirements. The Security challenges are still among the biggest obstacles when considering the adoption of cloud services. For this a lot of research has been done. With these, security issues, the cloud paradigm comes with a new set of unique features, which open the path toward novel security approaches, techniques, and architectures.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Clouds provide a powerful computing platform that enables individuals and organizations to perform variety levels of tasks such as: use of online storage space, adoption of business applications, development of customized computer software, and creation of a “realistic” network environment. In previous years, the number of people using cloud services has dramatically increased and lots of data has been stored in cloud computing environments. In the meantime, data breaches to cloud services are also increasing every year due to hackers who are always trying to exploit the security vulnerabilities of the architecture of cloud. In this paper, three cloud service models were compared; cloud security risks and threats were investigated based on the nature of the cloud service models. Real world cloud attacks were included to demonstrate the techniques that hackers used against cloud computing systems. In addition,countermeasures to cloud security breaches are presented.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
A survey on secured data outsourcing in cloud computingIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a survey on secured data outsourcing in cloud computing. It discusses the security threats posed by outsourcing data to the cloud, including loss of user control over data and difficulty of using traditional cryptographic techniques. It also reviews several existing approaches for secure outsourcing of computations, including using garbled circuits, secure multi-party computation protocols, and techniques for specific computations like sequence comparisons and linear algebra. However, existing approaches often have limitations such as high computational complexity, assumptions of non-colluding servers, or symmetrical computational loads across parties. The survey concludes that new techniques are still needed to securely outsource general computations to cloud servers in an efficient and practical manner.
A survey on data security in cloud computing issues and mitigation techniqueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fog computing extends cloud computing by providing security and data processing capabilities at the edge of the network, close to end users and devices. It aims to address issues like high latency and bandwidth usage that can occur when all data processing is done in the cloud. Fog computing deploys computing, storage, and applications between end devices and cloud data centers so that data can be processed locally when needed. This helps enable real-time applications like smart energy grids that require low latency responses by running applications on edge devices instead of sending all data to the cloud.
A Security Model for Virtual Infrastructure in the CloudEditor IJCATR
1) The document proposes a new security model called the cloud protection system for virtual infrastructure in cloud computing.
2) The model aims to increase security in the cloud by more accurately monitoring virtual machines and cloud infrastructure components to detect threats like denial of service attacks.
3) The key components of the proposed model include monitoring core cloud components and middleware, detecting any unauthorized changes, and prioritizing packet processing to avoid dropping important packets during denial of service attacks.
Networking Issues and Challenges In Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
This document discusses some of the networking issues and challenges of cloud computing. It begins by explaining how cloud computing works at a high level, allowing users to access applications and data remotely without having to install software locally. However, there are challenges around data security, user authentication, and data breaches that need to be addressed. The cloud architecture typically involves frontend and backend components communicating over a network, usually the internet. Key security challenges include securing data during storage and use, limiting access to authorized users, and planning for disasters or breaches. Addressing these challenges is important for successfully implementing a cloud strategy while maintaining security and performance.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the integration of data warehouse and big data technologies. It outlines some of the key differences between data warehouses and big data, such as data warehouses being structured data focused while big data handles structured and unstructured data. However, it argues that both aim to support data exploration and decision making, so they should be integrated. It reviews existing integration proposals and highlights common elements between the technologies that could serve as a basis for full integration. Finally, it proposes an approach to integrating data warehouses and big data.
EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR MANAGING AUTOMATION AND MONITORING IN MULTI-CLOUD COMPUT...IJNSA Journal
Multi-cloud is an advanced version of cloud computing that allows its users to utilize different cloud systems from several Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) remotely. Although it is a very efficient computing
facility, threat detection, data protection, and vendor lock-in are the major security drawbacks of this infrastructure. These factors act as a catalyst in promoting serious cyber-crimes of the virtual world. Privacy and safety issues of a multi-cloud environment have been overviewed in this research paper. The
objective of this research is to analyze some logical automation and monitoring provisions, such as monitoring Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), home automation, automation in Big Data Infrastructure (BDI), Disaster Recovery (DR), and secret protection. The Results of this research investigation indicate that it is possible to avoid security snags of a multi-cloud interface by adopting these scientific solutions methodically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Establishing applications on on-demand infrastructures rather of building applica-tions on fixed and rigid infrastructures was provided by cloud computing provides. By merely exploiting into the cloud, initiatives can gain fast access to business applications or infrastructure resources with decreased Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The more and more information is placed into the cloud by someone and initiatives, security issues begins to develop and raised. This paper discusses the different security issues that rise up about how secure the mo-bile cloud computing environment.
CloudGenius offers an incremental and evolutionary process for migrating IT systems to the cloud that uses the (MC2)2 framework to evaluate alternatives and make complex decisions through multi-criteria analysis and decision making methods like AHP, and a prototype called CumulusGenius is available to demonstrate this migration process.
The document outlines a 7-step process for developing a cloud security plan. The steps are: 1) Review business goals; 2) Maintain a risk management program; 3) Create a security plan that supports business goals; 4) Establish corporate-wide support; 5) Create security policies, procedures, and standards; 6) Audit and review often; 7) Continuously improve. Following these steps will help organizations develop effective security plans to take advantage of cloud services while meeting security and compliance needs.
SLACC is a decision support system that aims to help cloud providers and users negotiate service level agreements (SLAs) by estimating key performance indicators (KPIs) and service level objectives (SLOs). It analyzes historical data and information about a provider's IT infrastructure to evaluate what levels of availability, response time, and other parameters a provider can likely offer or accept. The system is intended to enhance SLA specificity and support negotiation processes without directly interfering with existing cloud architectures.
This document discusses metrics that can be used at various phases of the product development process, including code metrics during development, test addition metrics, test execution metrics, test coverage metrics, stability trends, prediction metrics, and bug metrics. The metrics are intended to provide objective indicators of product quality, check progress, aid decisions about phase exits/entries, and trigger actions for improvement. Key metrics discussed include code complexity, test coverage, bug trends, and achieving a goal of zero open bugs for release.
The Path To Cloud - an Infograph on Cloud MigrationInApp
Public cloud use makes up 18% of cloud adoption, while private cloud accounts for 71% and hybrid models 6%. On average, cloud users leverage 1.5 public clouds and 1.7 private clouds, and are experimenting with 1.5 additional public clouds and 1.3 private clouds. Security is no longer the top cloud challenge, replaced by concerns about reliability, tech support, price, and reputation. The document is an infographic from InApp summarizing trends in cloud adoption from surveys by Right Scale and Amazon.
reliability based design optimization for cloud migrationNishmitha B
reliability based design optimization for cloud migration is an application designed to manage applications..more precisely legacy applications..whose extraction n magmt. is crucial n troublesome.
The document discusses data service level agreements (SLAs) in public cloud environments. It explains that achieving availability, consistency, and scalability is challenging due to Brewer's CAP theorem. It reviews strategies for relational and NoSQL databases to handle these tradeoffs, including dropping consistency or availability depending on needs. Code examples demonstrate typical operations for Cassandra, MongoDB, and Neo4J NoSQL databases. The conclusion recommends choosing solutions based on requirements and migrating to NoSQL as needed to address scaling issues.
Innovation with Open Source: The New South Wales Judicial Commission experienceLinuxmalaysia Malaysia
Innovation with Open Source: The New South Wales Judicial Commission experience. MyGOSSCON 2008. Mr. Murali Sagi
Director,
Information Management & Corporate Services,
JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF NSW, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
5 Cloud Migration Experiences Not to Be RepeatedHostway|HOSTING
This document summarizes key lessons learned from cloud migration experiences that should be avoided. It discusses developing realistic project scopes that allow time for discovery and testing. Managing timelines carefully by estimating data transfer times and allowing ample testing periods is important. Avoiding security risks requires reviewing firewalls, intrusion detection, and compliance. Thorough testing that runs the test plan at least three times is crucial. Finally, clear communication of roles, access, expectations for maintenance windows and cutovers is needed.
Massimiliano Raks, Naples University on SPECS: Secure provisioning of cloud s...SLA-Ready Network
The cloud is both a risk and an opportunity depending on the service. Despite the opportunities, security is a top concern for a growing number of cloud service customers, and rightfully so. A key challenge is representing security and measuring it in a service level agreement? How can a cloud service provider grant the security level? And how can a cloud service customer automatically enforce it?
Prof. Massimiliano Raks, University of Naples, talks us through Security Service Level Agreement (SecureSLAs), looking at
Security SLA Negotiation, Security SLA (Automatic) Enforcement and Security SLA Continuous Monitoring with the SPECS platform for SecSLAs.
1) e-Zest's SLA Tracker (CWX) monitors application, platform, and infrastructure performance metrics in real-time for customers using Amazon AWS CloudWatch.
2) CWX defines application-level SLAs through an XML configuration and sends alerts by email and SMS when SLAs are breached to avoid heavy penalties.
3) The tool provides dashboards for end-user experience, application performance, platform components, and infrastructure components with metrics, alerts and is more cost effective than third-party options.
Forecast 2014 Keynote: State of Cloud Migration…What's Occurring Now, and Wha...Open Data Center Alliance
While public cloud computing continues to mature as a technology, those in charge of public cloud solutions within enterprises adopt the technology at their own pace, and for their own reasons. Indeed, they are all on separate journeys, but with many of the same business objectives. In order to determine the progress of enterprises’ journey to the public cloud, Gigaom created a survey designed to understanding what is happening within enterprises that are adopting public cloud computing.
Key items discovered in this survey include:
1. The use of public cloud computing is quickly expanding, and most organizations already exploit public cloud-based resources to run both critical and non-critical business systems.
2. Application development and testing are among the highest value uses of leveraging the public cloud, and most enterprises have moved from proof of concept to actual deployments in the last few years.
3. A larger number of business units leverage public cloud resources that are made up largely of AWS and a few other public cloud providers.
4. A surprising number of public cloud instances support the daily operations of many businesses, with a smaller percentage emerging as heavy users that leverage a massive amount of public cloud resources.
5. First cloud projects are a thing of the past, with most working on their second, third, or more major cloud deployments.
6. Change management and cloud governance are becoming more commonplace and accepted by enterprises.
In this lunchtime keynote presentation, David Linthicum provides a look at what’s occurring right now as enterprises move to public clouds using real data from real adopters. What’s more, Linthicum will provide predictions around what is likely to occur in the world of cloud computing in 2015 and 2016, as well as recommendations around how you can exploit changes and growth of cloud-based platforms to your own best advantage.
Assess enterprise applications for cloud migrationnanda1505
This document describes a method for assessing which enterprise applications are suitable for migration to the cloud using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It involves evaluating applications across three dimensions: business value, technical fitment, and risk exposure. Each dimension has criteria that are organized hierarchically. The AHP method assigns numerical priorities to the criteria based on their relative importance. It then compares applications against the criteria to calculate an overall AHP score, which can help determine if an application is suitable for the cloud.
This document discusses measuring quality for JIRA Cloud releases. It begins with principles for metrics, including starting with questions to answer, collecting metrics to drive decisions rather than as an end, and being willing to discard metrics. It then discusses context around JIRA Cloud and challenges in measuring its quality. Specific metrics proposed include number of incidents and support cases per release. The document advocates learning from measurements by focusing on prevention initiatives rather than just root causes. It emphasizes continuous improvement through metrics.
Planning for a (Mostly) Hassle-Free Cloud Migration | VTUG 2016 Winter WarmerJoe Conlin
There is no "one right way" when it comes to a cloud migration or cloud transformation, and in this 2016 VTUG talk I explore some of the methods that have proven successful in my experience.
Outsourcing SLA versus Cloud SLA by Jurian BurgersITpreneurs
1. There are seven key topics to consider when drafting a cloud computing service level agreement (SLA) compared to a regular outsourcing SLA: chain liability, contract duration, exit strategy, security, sharing resources, internet dependability, and financial model.
2. The cloud SLA should address liability if the cloud service provider subcontracts work and limit the provider's responsibility. It also needs flexibility in contract duration and a clear exit strategy for returning data.
3. The cloud SLA must require evidence of security standards and controls for access, backups, and data integrity. It should also define how multi-tenant access is controlled.
4. The SLA needs clarity on responsibilities for internet connections and
SLAs in Virtualized Cloud Computing Infrastructures with QoS Assurancetcucinotta
Cloud Computing is gaining momentum as one of the technologies that promises to subvert our own idea of computing. With an increasing usage of cloud applications and their consequent dependency from connectivity, the nowadays Personal Computer is becoming merely a mobile device acting as a front-end to on-line applications and services. This huge paradigm shift in computing is witnessed for example by big market players who announced the imminent launch of innovative products and Operating Systems (like Chrome notebooks and the accompanying Chrome OS2. by Google), which are capable of projecting the user into the network in a few seconds by booting and starting immediately a web browser and (mostly) nothing else. In such a challenging scenario, more and more of the applications that we traditionally used locally on our PC are being hosted on cloud infrastructures and operated remotely through the Internet. This includes not only batch tasks, but also interactive applications which need to operate inherently with good levels of responsiveness.
In this paper, the challenging problem is discussed of how to ensure predictable levels of Quality of Service (QoS) to cloud applications across the multiple layers of a typical cloud infrastructure, and how a reasonable Service Level Agreement (SLA) management and enforcement policy might look like. The scope of this paper represents a hands-on experience that was gained by the authors realising the IRMOS real-time cloud-computing infrastructure in the context of the IRMOS European Project
Hierarchical SLA-based Service Selection for Multi-Cloud EnvironmentsSoodeh Farokhi
Cloud computing popularity is growing rapidly and consequently the number of companies offering their services in the form of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) or Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is increasing. The diversity and usage benefits of IaaS offers are encouraging SaaS providers to lease resources from the Cloud instead of operating their own data centers. However, the question remains for them how to, on the one hand, exploit Cloud benefits to gain less maintenance overheads and on the other hand, maximize the satisfactions of customers with a wide range of requirements. The complexity of addressing these issues prevent many SaaS providers to benefit from the Cloud infrastructures. In this paper, we propose HS4MC approach for automatic service selection by considering SLA claims of SaaS providers. The novelty of our approach lies
in the utilization of prospect theory for the service ranking that represents a natural choice for scoring of comparable services due to the users preferences. The HS4MC approach first constructs a set of SLAs based on the given accumulated SaaS provider requirements. Then, it selects a set of services that best fulfills the SLAs. We evaluate our approach in a simulated environment by comparing it with a state-of-the-art utility based algorithm. The evaluation results show that our approach selects services that more effectively satisfy the SLAs.
Autonomic SLA-driven Provisioning for Cloud Applicationsnbonvin
This document discusses challenges in deploying distributed applications on cloud infrastructure and proposes an autonomic framework called Scarce to address them. It notes that applications' components may be unevenly distributed across virtual machines with varying performance. Scarce uses autonomous agents that monitor components and make placement decisions. It employs an economic model where servers charge components rent based on resource usage, and components aim to maximize their balance of earnings and costs through actions like replication and migration. The framework also propagates service level agreements from parent to child components and automatically provisions resources to ensure performance guarantees are met under varying load. Evaluation results demonstrate its ability to adapt to changing loads and failures while maintaining scalability.
Cloud comping is one of the booming topic in it department. My presentation will discuss the major points of the cloud computing .So hope you find what you where looking for
The document discusses cloud computing, including definitions, key characteristics, components, roles, and implementations. It defines cloud computing as using web-based tools and storing information on remote servers operated by another company. Key characteristics include scalability, multi-tenancy, pay-per-use pricing, and device/location independence. The main components are infrastructure, storage, platforms, applications, services, and clients. Implementations discussed include the Virtual Computing Laboratory and Amazon EC2.
Introduction To Cloud Computing By Beant Singh DuggalBeantsingh
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of related terms like infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). It discusses the history and evolution of cloud computing from concepts like grid computing and utility computing. Key characteristics of cloud computing include agility, scalability, reliability, and multi-tenancy. The document also outlines public, private and hybrid cloud models and how cloud computing relates to concepts like service-oriented architecture.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of key cloud computing terms and models. It discusses the evolution of cloud computing from earlier technologies like grid computing and utility computing. The document also compares and contrasts clouds and grids. It examines public, private and hybrid cloud models and how virtualization enables cloud infrastructure. Finally, it outlines some open issues regarding security, reliability and vendor lock-in within cloud computing.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of key cloud computing terms and models. It discusses the evolution of cloud computing from earlier technologies like grid computing and utility computing. The types of cloud computing models including public, private and hybrid clouds are defined. Key characteristics, components, and open issues related to cloud computing are also summarized.
Cloud computing involves large groups of remote servers networked together to provide centralized data storage and online access to computer services. It relies on sharing resources over a network to achieve economies of scale. The document discusses three main service models in cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It also outlines some major cloud service providers like Amazon and Google and the services they offer.
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet that are managed by third parties at remote locations. It allows users to access applications and store data on shared servers rather than local hardware. Some key advantages of cloud computing include reduced maintenance needs, continuous availability, scalability to pay only for resources used, and automatic backups of data. Major cloud providers like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google App Engine offer infrastructure and platform services to help build and deploy cloud applications. Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on the same host computer by simulating hardware resources in software.
Cloud computing provides dynamically scalable resources as a service over the Internet. It consists of interconnected, virtualized computers that are provisioned and presented as unified resources. Services include infrastructure, platform and software and are accessed from any device via the Internet in a pay-as-you-go manner. Key enabling technologies include virtualization, web services, service-oriented architecture, and mashups. Features include on-demand scaling, location independence via any device, quality of service guarantees, and no upfront capital costs as users pay for what they use. Major providers offer platforms for deployment of applications and services.
Nguyen Lam Thanh gave a presentation on cloud computing that covered:
1. Definitions of cloud computing and its basic concepts including deployment models like public, private, and hybrid clouds as well as service models like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.
2. Characteristics of cloud computing such as on-demand self-service, broad network access, rapid elasticity, and resource pooling.
3. Benefits of cloud computing including reduced costs, easy access over the internet, ability to manipulate resources at any time, and quick deployment of applications.
4. Popular cloud computing providers like Amazon Web Services which was demonstrated through installing Apache web server on an AWS EC2 virtual machine.
Nguyen Lam Thanh gave a presentation on cloud computing that covered the following topics:
1. An overview of cloud computing, including definitions of cloud, cloud computing, and examples of applications like email and CRM that use cloud services.
2. Basic cloud computing concepts such as deployment models (public, private, hybrid, community clouds) and service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS).
3. Characteristics of cloud computing including on-demand self-service, broad network access, rapid elasticity, resource pooling, and measured service.
4. Benefits of cloud computing such as reduced costs, easy access over the internet, ability to manipulate resources at any
The document provides recommendations for books on cloud computing concepts and technologies. It then discusses the history and drivers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution powered by cloud, social, mobile, IoT, and AI technologies. The document defines cloud computing and discusses characteristics such as on-demand access to computing resources, utility computing models, and service delivery of infrastructure, platforms, and applications. It also outlines some major cloud platform providers including Eucalyptus, Nimbus, OpenNebula, and the CloudSim simulation framework.
This document provides an introduction to cloud computing. It discusses the benefits of cloud computing like pay-as-you-go models and operational expense instead of capital expense. It defines cloud computing and introduces its essential characteristics, service models of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS, and deployment models of private, public and hybrid clouds. It demonstrates using Amazon EC2 as an example of infrastructure as a service.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of related terms like infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, software as a service, and utility computing. It discusses the history of cloud computing and how it has evolved from concepts like grid computing and utility computing. The document also outlines the key characteristics of public and private clouds and different cloud layers and services.
This document discusses cloud computing concepts including its key characteristics, service models, and deployment models. Cloud computing refers to applications and services delivered over the internet using shared computing resources. The main advantages of cloud computing are no upfront investment in servers or software, flexibility, scalability, and pay-per-use models. The three service models are Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The four deployment models are private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud. Security and programmability are ongoing challenges that cloud computing aims to address through standardization.
Chetan Chaudhari introduces cloud computing in this presentation. He defines cloud computing as using computing resources delivered over a network, typically the Internet. The presentation covers the history of cloud computing, characteristics like agility and virtualization, different service models including Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service. Cloud clients that access cloud services via devices like desktops, laptops and phones are also discussed. The presentation concludes with references for further reading.
This is a overview of Cloud Computing at a basic stage. Being clear, from this, you would not be able to just read and go to deploy a cloud service of your own, but you will get an overview of the concept of one of the most burning topics in IT industry right now.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including:
- Cloud computing uses central remote servers and the internet to maintain data and applications, allowing users to access files and applications from any device.
- The main advantages of cloud computing are more efficient computing through centralized resources, lower costs, flexibility, and scalability.
- The types of cloud include public, private, and hybrid clouds, with the main difference being who can access the services.
- Cloud computing delivers applications, platforms, and infrastructure as on-demand services through software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) models.
- The author
Ahmad Shah Sultani presented on cloud computing using the Apache CloudStack open source platform. He discussed the history and characteristics of cloud computing, different service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), and types of cloud storage. He also explained concepts like virtualization and the benefits of using open source software to build clouds. Sultani demonstrated how to deploy CloudStack on virtualized servers to create a private cloud and manage virtual machines through its web-based user interface.
Cloud computing allows users to access computer resources and applications remotely through the internet. There are three main types of cloud computing models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides remote access to computing infrastructure resources like storage and servers. PaaS allows users to deploy their own applications using tools supported by the cloud provider. SaaS delivers applications to users through a web browser or program interface without requiring downloads or installation. Cloud computing provides advantages like cost efficiency, high speed, accessibility from anywhere, and easy data backup and recovery, but also poses risks such as security issues, low bandwidth, lack of flexibility, and
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
2. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
3. Definitions
• A large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized resources (such
as hardware, development platforms and/or services).
“ Stallman 2011”.
• A parallel and distributed computing system consisting of a collection
of inter-connected and virtualized computers that are dynamically
provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing
resources based on service-level agreements (SLA) established through
negotiation between the service provider and
consumers. “Nicolas 2013
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
4. Cloud computing:- is the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources as a service over the internet (public cloud) or intranet (private cloud).
The “Cloud” is the default
symbol of the internet in
diagrams.
Cloud Computing
The broader term of
“Computing” encompasses:
- no. of Computations
- Coordination logic
- Storage
Cloud Computing is about moving computing from the single desktop
pc/data centers to the internet.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Definition (cont.)
set up an account with the
provider, start and configure a
virtual cluster with one or more
nodes for computation, and
return the results to your local
machine
5. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
9. 2- Cloud Service
Data Centers
Clusters
Storage
Other Grids/Clouds
Virtualization
VM Management & Deployment
Amazon S3, EC2
OpenNebula, Eucalyptus
Mosso
Web 2.0 Interface
Programming API
Scripting & Programming
Languages
Google AppEngine
Microsoft Azure
Manjrasoft Aneka
Google Apps (Gmail, Docs,…)
Salesforce.com
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Software as a Service(SaaS)
QoSMetering
SLA
NegotiationAdmissionControl
PricingandBilling
Accounting
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
SPI
10. 2.1.Software as a Services (SaaS)
- SaaS is a model of software deployment where an application
is hosted as a service provided to customers cross the Internet.
-Features:
• Multi-tenancy, Multi -instance
– One application instance may be serving hundreds of companies
– Opposite of multi-instance where each customer is provisioned their own
server running one instance
• Metadata driven configurability
– Instead of customizing the application for a customer (requiring code
changes), one allows the user to configure the application through metadata
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
12. 2.2. Platform as a Services (PaaS)
– Providing all the facilities necessary to support the complete
process of building and delivering web applications and
services, all available over the Internet.
– Entirely virtualized platform that includes one or more servers,
operating systems and specific applications.
Examples:- Middleware, VM, etc..
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
13. 2.3.Infrastrcture as a Services (IaaS)
– Provision model in which an organization outsources
the equipment used to support operations, including
storage, hardware, servers and networking
components.
– Also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).
– Service provider owns the equipment; responsible for
housing, running and maintaining it.
– Client typically pays on a per-use basis.
Examples:- IBM Blue house, VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun
Parascale and more
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
15. 3- Server
Hardware/Software
Specialized for cloud
OS, multi core processors
Network of virtualized computers
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K.
Jasim
16. Cloud Architecture
The Cloud Computing Architecture of a cloud solution is the structure of the system,
which comprise enterprise arch. and cloud resources, services, middleware, and software
components, SOA, the externally visible properties of those, and the relationships between
them
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Collection of services
, communicate with
each other or two or
more services
coordinate to preform
some activities
Any program supported
“glue together”, allow
programs written for
access to a particular
DB.
Structure and operation
of an organization
Set of structures
needed to reason about
the system software
17. Deployment Models
• Public cloud (off-site and remote) : resources dynamically
provisions on the internet
• A private cloud : consolidating shared services on
virtualized hardware deployed from a primary datacenter
to serve local and remote users (intranet).
• A hybrid cloud environment consists of some portion of
computing resources on-site (on premise) and off-site
(public cloud).
• A community cloud is formed when several organizations
with similar requirements share common infrastructure.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
18. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
19. Cloud Data Center
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
• Data center: large server farms + data warehouses.
- managed infrastructure
- Supported transmission from web hosting to cloud
computing
- individual web/content providers: must provision for peak
load.
• web hosting: third party provides and owns the (server farm)
infrastructure, hosting web services for content providers
• “server consolidation” via virtualization and “ Collaboration
mechanism “
20. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
WAN Network
Functional Servers
WAN Edge
Data Center Core/
Gateway
Customer Edge
L2 Aggregator
Server Rack
Virtual Server
Application
VM/Server Control
Server
Hypervisor
Virtual Subnet/VLAN
1
Virtual
Subnet/VLAN 2
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Application
Virtual Machine
(VM)
Provisioning, Billing, Security, Load Balancing, Monitoring,
Auditing, Logging, and ETC.
Functional Servers
Collaboration level
Basic
components
21. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics.
9. References
22. Main Process
- Migration Process
- Transmitted the enterprise application from
the desktop to open cloud environment.
- Virtualization
- Abstraction of computer resources.
- Hides the physical characteristics of
computing resources from their users, be they
applications, or end users.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
23. Migration to the Cloud
- Move the enterprise application to the open
cloud environment, captive cloud data center
- Implemented in one of the several ways:
(code, architecture, and usage )
- The migration of an enterprise application is
based capture by the following:
P P’C+P’l P’OFC+P’l
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
24. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Optimiz
e
Assess
Test
Augment
Re-
architect
Map
Isolate
Start
End
Migration Life Cycle
25. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
26. Virtualization
• Virtualization:- the abstraction of computer resources.
• Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of
computing resources from their users, be they
applications, or end users.
• This includes making a single physical resource (such as a
server, an operating system, an application, or storage
device) appear to function as multiple virtual resources; it
can also include making multiple physical resources (such
as storage devices or servers) appear as a single virtual
resource.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
27. VM-Architecture
Hardware
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM VM VM
AppApp AppAppApp
Xen
VM-Ware
UML
Denali
etc.
Hypervisor is a software program that manages multiple operating systems (or multiple instances of the same operating
system) on a single computer system. The hypervisor manages the system's processor, memory, and other resources to
allocate what each operating system requires.
Hypervisors are designed for a particular processor architecture and may also be called virtualization managers.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
28. Full Virtualization
• Provides a complete simulation of the underlying hardware.
• The result is a system in which all software (including all
OS’s) capable of execution on the raw hardware can be run
in the virtual machine.
• Comprehensively simulate all computing elements as
instruction set, main memory, interrupts, exceptions, and
device access.
• Full virtualization is only possible given the right
combination of hardware and software elements.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
29. Para virtualization
Do not try to emulate everything ,
• Work as a guard
• Pass safe instructions directly to CPU and device
• Guests have some exposure to the hardware
• Better performance
• Need to slightly modify guest OS, but no need to modify
applications
• Xen, Sun Logical Domains
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
30. Cloud based virtualization
• PROVIDER
- Support cloud to improve IT efficiency, agility and
reliability.
- Delivers everything IT needs to
build, operate, rent, and manage their cloud.
. CUSTOMER
- Helps customers evolve technical
foundations, organizational models, operational
processes and financial measures to establish both a
cloud infrastructure and cloud operations model.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
31. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
32. Integration of Cloud Computing
• Important factor in the cloud.
• Data enterprise and applications must be linked up
via one or more standard integration platform .
• Integration middle (I-MW or C-MW) ware simplify
the mapping between Application to Application
(A2A), Application to Cloud (A2C), Cloud to
Cloud(C2C).
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
33. Cloud -MW
• Cloud middleware will be made available as a
service.
• Due to varying integration requirements and
scenarios, there are a number of middleware
technologies and products.
• For performance sake, clusters, fabrics, grids, and
federations of hubs, brokers, and buses are being
leveraged.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
35. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Understandi
ng
Testing
Design
Definition
Integration life cycle
Understanding the
source system or the
application on this
system, target system
Acquire information from previous
phase to define the
metadata, physical
attribute, relation ship between
objects
Determined the data
extract from the one or
more system to target
system
Assuring the
integration is done
36. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
37. Service Level Agreement in Cloud
• Framework for provider, costumer .
• Negotiation between service consumer and service provider,
records common understanding about services.
• Guarantee multiple QoS parameters across layers, highly
dynamic environments, resources heterogeneity, Xaas
service definition.
• Capacity Planning:
- dynamic workload amount, customer satisfaction level,
• Maximize the profit:
by reducing the resource cost (the number and type of
initiated virtual machines and penalties cost).
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
39. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
• Infrastructure SLA. The infrastructure provider
manages and offers guarantees on availability of
the infrastructure, namely, server
machine, power, network connectivity, and so
on.
• Application SLA. In the application co-location
hosting model, the server capacity is available to
the applications based solely on their resource
demands.
SLA-Type
40. SLA Hierarchy
SLA at an upper layer depends on SLAs at lower layers.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
41. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Workflow Management System
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9. References
42. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Cloud Workflow (CW)
• A process consist of a series of steps that simplifies the
complexity of execution and management of application.
• Data Management
• Data replication
• Data Placement
• Intermediate data storage
44. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
CW: Data Management
• New features in cloud computing
– Independent of users and provider
– Cost driven
• computation cost, storage cost, data transfer cost
– Data dependency
• Task – data, data – data.
• Some research issues
– Data partition, placement, replication, synchronisation.
Example : Aneka, open Nebula .
45. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
CW: Data Placement
• Data Placement: to decide where to store the application data in the
distributed data centres
• Aims:
– Reduce data movement
– Reduce task waiting time
• Strategy:
– Data dependency: dataset – dataset
46. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
CW: Data Replication
• Data replication: for one dataset, store several copies in different
places (data centres)
• Aims:
– Increase data security
– Fast data access
– Reduce data movement
• Strategy:
– Dynamic replication.
47. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
CW: Intermediate Data Storage
• Intermediate data storage is especially importance in scientific
workflows
• Aim:
– Reduce system cost
• Strategy:
– Intermediate data can be regenerated with data
provenance information
– Selectively store some key intermediate datasets
48. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Cloud Workflow system
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9.References
49. Cloud Computing Parallelism
• “Cloud” refers to large Internet services like
Google, Yahoo, etc. that run on 10,000’s of
machines
• - Want to parallelize across hundreds/thousands of CPUs
– How to parallelize
– How to distribute
-Map-Reduce model based to answer the above
questions.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
50. Map –Reduce
• Map-Reduce is a data processing approach(data
parallel programming model) that presents a
simple programming model for processing
highly parallelizable data sets. It is implemented
as a cluster, with many nodes working in parallel
on different parts of the data.
• Pioneered by Google
– Processes 20 petabytes of data per day
• Popularized by open-source Hadoop project
– Used at Yahoo!, Facebook, Amazon, …
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
51. Data Distribution
• Input files are split into M pieces on distributed
file system
– Typically ~ 64 MB blocks
• Intermediate files created from map tasks are
written to local disk
• Output files are written to distributed file
system
52. Assigning Tasks
• Many copies of user program are started
• Tries to utilize data localization by running map
tasks on machines with data
• One instance becomes the Master
• Master finds idle machines and assigns them
tasks
53. FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Master
worker1 Worker nworker3worker2
Data
tasks
Task1
Task2
.
.
.
Task n
Data distributed
Assigning to the tasks
54. Example for MapReduce
• Page 1: computer study is good
• Page 2: cloud computing is good
• Page 3: my study in cloud computing
• …….
• …..
• Page n.: ….. Any data ?
56. Map Operation
MAP: Input data <key, value> pair
Data
Collection: split1
web 1
weed 1
green 1
sun 1
moon 1
land 1
part 1
web 1
green 1
… 1
KEY VALUE
Split the data to
Supply multiple
processors
Data
Collection: split 2
Data
Collection: split n
Map
……
Map
web 1
weed 1
green 1
sun 1
moon 1
land 1
part 1
web 1
green 1
… 1
KEY VALUE
web 1
weed 1
green 1
sun 1
moon 1
land 1
part 1
web 1
green 1
… 1
KEY VALUE
web 1
weed 1
green 1
sun 1
moon 1
land 1
part 1
web 1
green 1
… 1
KEY VALUE
web 1
weed 1
green 1
sun 1
moon 1
land 1
part 1
web 1
green 1
… 1
KEY VALUE
…
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
62. Fault Tolerance
• Network Failure:
– Detect failure via periodic heartbeats
– Re-execute completed and in-progress map tasks
– Re-execute in progress reduce tasks
– Task completion committed through master
• Master failure:
– Could handle, but don't yet (master failure unlikely)
63. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Cloud Workflow system
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Dissertation with this topics
9.References
64. Cloud Federation
• Cloud Federation is a collection of individual Cloud
providers, which collaborate by trading resources (e.g.
computing, storage).
• Desired feature of Cloud
– Illusion of infinite computing resources
• Resources available in a single data center are limited
– A large demand may put pressure in the data center
capacity
– One possible source for additional resources is idling
resources from other providers
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
65. - A user submit an application to the federation, the
federation select provider to run application.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Cloud federation
provider1
provider2 Provider 3 Provider n
66. Cloud Federation Motivations
• Obtain extra resources from other members (Outsourcing)
– Avoid losing customers
– Avoid losing reputation by violating SLAs
• Lease idle resources (Contributing to Federation
– Avoid wasting their non-storable compute resources
• Supplying resources in specific geographic locations
– Low-latency access regardless of location
– meet regulations in place for the customers
• Disaster recovery
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
67. Cloud storage
• Cloud storage enables to “throw” data into the
cloud and without worrying about how it is stored or
backing it up. When you need it again, you simply
reach into the cloud and grab it.
• User don’t know how it is stored, where it is stored,
or what has happened to all the pieces of hardware
between the time you put it in the cloud and the
time you retrieved it.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
71. Agenda
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
1. Cloud Computing Definitions
2. Cloud Computing Layers
2.1 Cloud Architecture
2.2 Cloud Data Center
3. Main Cloud Process
3.1 Cloud Migration
3.2 Virtualization
4. Integration of Cloud Application
5. SLA’s in Cloud Computing
6. Cloud Workflow system
7. Cloud Computing Parallelism
7.1 Map-Reduce Model
7.2 Cloud Federation
8. Our Dissertation with this topics
9. References
72. Our Dissertation
- Cloud computing environment introduce more
features in on-demand
scalability/elasticity, affordability, global-scale
accessibility.
- All above features are done in open
environments, therefore it vulnerable to many
types of attacks.
- Our dissertation attempt to provide a hybrid
cryptography model based on CipherCloud and
Quantum Cryptography to present a new
concept in cloud security world.
FCSI, ASU, Egypt. Omer K. Jasim
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet, basically a step on from Utility Computing.In other words, this is a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to clients.These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).
Examples:-Gmail, GoogleCalenderPayroll, HR, CRM etcSugarm CRM, IBM Lotus Live
Type 1: Ad-Hoc/CustomEach customer (or tenant) has there own instance of the application which can be customized on an individual basisLevel 1 SaaS is equivalent to application hostingType 2: ConfigurableA single application base is customized for each customer/tenantCustomization is deployed within each instance of the applicationDeployment of upgrades across the instance will require roll-out to each instanceType 3: Configurable, Multi-Tenant-EfficientA single application base and instance is customised for each customer/tenantCustomisation is deployed at run-time within each instance of the applicationSingle instance is more resource efficient than multiple instancesDeployment of upgrades made to a single instanceType 4: Scalable, Configurable, Multi-Tenant-EfficientUses a tenant load balancer to balance load between multiple instancesSimilar to a hypervisorShould provide superior scalability and efficiencyRequires deployment of upgrades to made to multiple instances
Platform-as-a-service in the cloud is defined as a set of software and product development tools hosted on the provider’s infrastructure. Developers create applications on the provider’s platform over the Internet. PaaS providers may use APIs, website portals or gateway software installed on the customer’s computer Force.com, (an outgrowth of Salesforce.com) and GoogleApps are examples ofPaaS. Developers need to know that currently, there are not standards for interoperability or data portability in the cloud. Some providers will not allow software created by their customers to be moved off the provider’s platform.
Benefits to the clients: 1. Stop worrying about heavy traffic and bandwidth requirements. 2. Pay as you go. 3. No need to buy high configuration servers from day one. 4. Low maintenance.
CRM=costumer relationship management
1- A service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services. These services communicate with each other. The communication can involve either simple data passing or it could involve two or more services coordinating some activity. Some means of connecting services to each other is needed.2- An enterprise architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of an enterprise architecture is to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives.3- middle ware : In the computer industry, middleware is a general term for any programming that serves to "glue together" or mediate between two separate and often already existing programs. A common application of middleware is to allow programs written for access to a particular database to access other databases4- The term software architecture intuitively denotes the high level structures of a software system. It can be defined as the set of structures needed to reason about the software system, which comprise the software elements, the relations between them, and the properties of both elements and relations.[1]The term software architecture also denotes the set of practices used to select, define or design a software architecture.
At the core, migration of an application into the cloud can happen in one ofseveral ways: Either the application is clean and independent, so it runs as is; orperhaps some degree of code needs to be modified and adapted; or the design(and therefore the code) needs to be first migrated into the cloud computingservice environment; or finally perhaps the migration results in the corearchitecture being migrated for a cloud computing service setting, this resultingin a new architecture being developed, along with the accompanying design andcode implementation. Or perhaps while the application is migrated as is, it is theusage of the application that needs to be migrated and therefore adapted andmodified.where P is the application before migration running in captive data center, P0C isthe application part after migration either into a (hybrid) cloud, P0l is the partof application being run in the captive local data center, and P0OFC is theapplication part optimized for cloud. If an enterprise application cannot bemigrated fully, it could result in some parts being run on the captive local datacenter while the rest are being migrated into the cloud—essentially a case of ahybrid cloud usage. However, when the entire application is migrated onto thecloud, then P0l is null. Indeed, the migration of the enterprise application P canhappen at the five levels of application, code, design, architecture, and usage. Itcan be that the P0C migration happens at any of the five levels without any P0lComponent.Technology reasons Economic and business reasons
The first stepof the iterative process of the seven-step model of migration is basically at theassessment level. Proof of concepts or prototypes for various approaches tothe migration along with the leveraging of pricing parameters enables oneto make appropriate assessments.These assessments are about the cost of migration as well as about the ROIthat can be achieved in the case of production version. The next process step is inisolating all systemic and environmental dependencies of the enterprise application components within the captive data center. This, in turn, yieldsa picture of the level of complexity of the migration. After isolation is complete,one then goes about generating the mapping constructs between what shallpossibly remain in the local captive data center and what goes onto the cloud.Perhaps a substantial part of the enterprise application needs to be rearchitected,redesigned, and reimplemented on the cloud. This gets in just aboutthe functionality of the original enterprise application. Due to this migration, itis possible perhaps that some functionality is lost. In the next process step weleverage the intrinsic features of the cloud computing service to augment ourenterprise application in its own small ways. Having done the augmentation, wevalidate and test the new form of the enterprise application with an extensivetest suite that comprises testing the components of the enterprise application onthe cloud as well. These test results could be positive or mixed. In the latter case,we iterate and optimize as appropriate. After several such optimizing iterations,the migration is deemed successful. Our best practices indicate that it is best toiterate through this Seven-Step Model process for optimizing and ensuring thatthe migration into the cloud is both robust and comprehensive.
Virtualization is a broad term (virtual memory, storage, network, etc)Focus for this course: platform virtualizationVirtualization basically allows one computer to do the job of multiple computers, by sharing the resources of a single hardware across multiple environmentsLife cycleResource SelectionResource Preparation VM Creation VM MigrationVM Termination PAGE162
Everything is virtualizedFull hardware emulationEmulation = latency
Within a Public Cloud (figure 3.1). Two different applications are hosted ina cloud. The role of the cloud integration middleware (say cloud-based ESB orinternet service bus (ISB)) is to seamlessly enable these applications to talk toeach other. The possible sub-scenarios include these applications can be ownedby two different companies. They may live in a single physical server but run ondifferent virtual machines.Homogeneous Clouds (figure 3.2). The applications to be integrated areposited in two geographically separated cloud infrastructures. The integrationmiddleware can be in cloud 1 or 2 or in a separate cloud.There is a need for data and protocol transformation and they get done bythe ISB. The approach is more or less compatible to enterprise applicationintegration procedure.Heterogeneous Clouds (figure 3.3). One application is in public cloud andthe other application is private cloud.As described above, this is the currently dominating scene for cloudintegration. That is, businesses are subscribing to popular on-demand enterprisepackages from established providers such as Salesforce.com and RamcoSystems (http://www.ramco.com/)’s customer relationship management(CRM), NetSuite’s (http://www.netsuite.com) enterprise resource planning(ERP), etc. The first two scenarios will become prevalent once there are severalcommercial clouds and cloud services become pervasive. Then service integrationand composition domains will become an important and incredible factorfor global computing.Cloud 1 ISB Cloud 2FIGURE 3.2. Across Homogeneous Clouds.Public CloudISBPrivate CloudFIGURE 3.3. Across Heterogeneous Clouds
Service-level agreement provides a framework within which both seller and buyer of a service can pursue a profitable service business relationship. SLA can be modeled using web service-level agreement (WSLA) language specification.
Google file system Internet introduced a new challenge in the form web logs, web crawler’s data: large scale “peta scale”But observe that this type of data has an uniquely different characteristic than your transactional or the “customer order” data : “write once read many (WORM)” ; Privacy protected healthcare and patient information; Historical financial data; Other historical data Google exploited this characteristics in its Google file system (GFS)
There is large overhead in starting a Map-Reduce job, but once begun, the job can be completed rapidly (relative to conventional approaches).Map-Reduce requires writing two functions: a mapper and a reducer. These functions accept data as input and then return transformed data as output. The functions are called repeatedly, with subsets of the data, with the output of the mapper being aggregated and then sent to the reducer.
Determine if the problem is parallelizable and solvable using MapReduce (ex: Is the data WORM?, large data set).Design and implement solution as Mapper classes and Reducer class. Compile the source code with hadoop core.Package the code as jar executable.Configure the application (job) as to the number of mappers and reducers (tasks), input and output streamsLoad the data (or use it on previously available data)Launch the job and monitor.Study the result.Detailed steps.
Application: a set of virtual machines and data volumes connected by a virtual network to be deployed at IaaS levelFederation: common entry point for multiple cloud providers