Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over the internet. It delivers these resources as a service on a pay-per-use basis. There are different types of cloud services including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). Popular cloud computing providers include Amazon, Google, and Microsoft who offer public, private and hybrid cloud solutions. Cloud computing enables large scale data analysis and provides computing resources for research communities in a flexible and cost-effective manner.

1. Cloud Computing Techniques for
Simulation Models and Mapping
Systems
Tilani Gunawardena

2. RoadMap
• Introduction
• Experiences/Models
• ResearchWork

3. What is Cloud
• “Cloud” is actually a metaphor for the
Internet

4. Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is the use of computing resources
(hardware and software) that are delivered as a
service over a network -wikipedia
• Provides :variety of computing resources all
delivered over the Internet.
– Servers
– Storage
– Applications(email, communication, games)
• Delivers a hosting environment that is immediate,
flexible, scalable, secure, and available while saving
corporations money, time and resources.

5. Comparison
• Grid computing: A form of distributed Computing
– Cluster of loosly coupled, networked computers acting in
concert to perform large tasks
• Utility computing: The packaging of computing resources,
such as computation and storage, as a metered service
similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity
• Autonomic computing :computer systems capable of self-
management
• Data Centre Clusters
• High Performance Computing
• Web Services : communication between two electronic
devices over the world wide web

6. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Scalability: Upgrades and changes to the
services are done instantaneously and easily
enabling the cloud computing service to be
resilient
• Agility: As a shared resource, the cloud
provides flexible, automated management to
distribute the computing resources among the
cloud’s users.
• Reliability & Fault Tolerance
• Service oriented
• Utility based

7. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Security: Security is often as good as or better
than under traditional systems
• Application Programming Interface: API
accessibility to software that enables
machines to interact with cloud software
• Cost: Cost is greatly reduced
• Device and location Independence
• On demand service

8. Why Cloud Computing
Analogy:
”If you only need milk, would you buy a cow? “
• Yahoo email, Gmail, or Hotmail
• The server and email management software is all on the cloud ( internet) and is totally
managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo , Google
software /hardwaresending emails

9. • In Business View: When it’s smarter to rent
than to buy…..
• Techie’ s View: It offers the ability to access
softwares or information that can be delivered
on-demand, over the internet, without the
need to store it locally……

10. • Cloud Computing Provides all the
infrastructure needed to run applications over
the Internet
• Cloud computing can do everything……….
or only some things if you don't need
everything.

11. Layers of Cloud Computing
• Clients
• Services
• Application
• Platform
• Storage
• Infrastructure

12. Client
• Consists of computer hardware and/or computer software
which relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or
which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services
and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it.
– Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)
– Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
– Operating Systems
– Computers

13. Application
Cloud application services or “Software as a Service
(SaaS)” deliver software as a service over the Internet,
eliminating the need to install and run the application
on the customer’s own computers and simplifying
maintenance and support.
• CRM
• Email
• Virtual Desktop
• Communication
• Games

14. Infrastructure
• Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as
a service, is the delivery of computer
infrastructure, typically a platform
virtualization environment, as a service.

15. Platform
• A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service,
the delivery of a computing platform, and/or
solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment
of applications without the cost and complexity
of buying and managing the underlying hardware
and software layers.
– Web application frameworks
o Python Django (Google App Engine)
o Ruby on Rails (Heroku)
o .NET (Azure Services Platform)
– Web hosting (Rackspace)
– Force.com

16. Services
• A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are
delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet". For
example, Web Services ("software system designed to support
interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network")
which may be accessed by other cloud computing components,
software, e.g., Software plus service, or end users directly.
• Identity (OAuth, OpenID)
• Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service)
• Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout,
PayPal)
• Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)
• Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)
• Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)

17. Storage
• Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App
Engine's BigTable datastore)
• Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk,
Nirvanix ,CloudNAS)
• Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop
component, MobileMe push functions)
• Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service,
Nirvanix SDN)

18. Popular Clouds Storages
• Amazon s3
• Google Docs
• Apple iCloud
• DropBox
• SkyDrive
• Box
• SugarSync

21. Cloud Anatomy

22. IaaS
• IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an
on demand scalable service
• The IaaS layer extends the virtualization layer by
providing the mechanisms to provision and control the
virtual machines in a utility computing manner.
• The end user is able to control cost by knowing exactly
how much each virtual machine instance costs per
minute/hour.
– Usually billed based on usage
– Usually multi tenant virtualized environment

23. PaaS
• PAAS(Platform as a service)
• Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing
providing development environment as a service. You can use the
middleman’s equipment to develop your own program and transfer
it to the users through internet and servers.
• PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete
life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services
entirely from the Internet.
– Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform
in mind
– Multi tenant environments
– Highly scalable multi tier architecture

24. SaaS
• This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users
through browser
• user’s views,: this can save some cost on servers and software.
• In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can
also save cost
– Ex: Salesforce.com ,Google Apps and Zoho Office are also providing this kind
of service
• SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-
tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based
service.
– Usually billed based on usage
– Usually multi tenant environment
– Highly scalable architecture

25. Type of Services: Location of the cloud
• Public clouds
• Private clouds
• Community clouds
• Hybrid clouds

26. Public clouds
• Resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-
demand, self-service basis over the Internet, via
web applications/web services, open API, from a
third-party provider who bills on a utility
computing basis.
• These services are free or offered on a pay-per-
use model.
Ex: Amazon AWS ,Microsoft and Google own and
operate the infrastructure and offer access only via
Internet.(direct connectivity is not offered)

27. Private clouds
• Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated
solely for a single organization, whether
managed internally or by a third-party and
hosted internally or externally
• Ex: IBM, HP, Microsoft

28. Community clouds
• A community cloud is formed when several
organizations with similar requirements share
common infrastructure. Costs are spread over
fewer users than a public cloud but more than
a single tenant.
• Ex: All Government organizations within the
state of California may share computing
infrastructure on the cloud to manage data
related to citizens residing in California.

29. Hybrid clouds
• A hybrid cloud environment consists of some
portion of computing resources on-site (on
premise) and off-site (public cloud).

30. Best Cloud Computing companies
2012
• Google –SaaS,PaaS
• Amazon-IaaS
– Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
– Simple Storage Service(S3)
• Microsoft Azure Service Platform-PaaS

31. Amazon Cloud
• Amazon cloud called AWS is a collection of
remote computing services (web services) that
together make up a cloud computing platform,
offered over the Internet by Amazon.com.
– Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) :provides
resizable compute capacity in the cloud
– Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) :Online storage
web service
– Amazon SimpleDB :Web service providing the core
database functions of data indexing and querying in
the cloud

32. Microsoft
• Windows Azure :is a platform for running
Windows applications and storing their data in
the cloud
• Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online
• Microsoft Office 365
• Microsoft Private Cloud

33. Google
• Google App Engine :creates apps on Google’s
platform that are easy to manage and scale
• Google Compute Engine
• Google BigQuery :Analyze Big Data in the
cloud
• Google Cloud Storage

34. Cloud Computing techniques Within
Google
• GFS: Data storage technology
• BigTable: Data management technology
• Map Reduce: Programming model and task
scheduling model

35. Applications
• Practically limitless
• With the right middleware, a cloud computing
system could execute all the programs a
normal computer could run.
• Everything from generic word processing
software to customized computer programs
designed for a specific company could work on
a cloud computing system

36. Cloud Computing for Research
Community
• For research groups cloud computing can
provide convenient access to reliable, high
performance clusters, without the need to
purchase and maintain or even understand
sophisticated hardware and high performance
computational methods.

37. Large Scale Data Analysis on Cloud
Systems
• Cloud systems can be effectively exploited for this
purpose as they provide scalable storage and
processing services, together with software
platforms for developing and running data
analysis environments
– Scalable Storage
– Computing facilities
• The Google File System (GFS) and Hadoop
Distributed File System (HDFS) are two examples
of proven approaches to creating distributed
highly fault tolerant massive storage systems.

38. What does the cloud allow us to do
that we could not do before?
• Compute- intensive problems
– large-scale image processing,
– sensor data correlation,
– social network analysis,
– encryption/decryption,
– data mining,
– simulations,
– pattern recognition,
are strong examples of problems that can be solved in
the cloud computing domain.

39. • Pay-as-you-go basis: 1000 computers used for 1
hour costs the same as one computer used for
1000 hours. If your problem can be computed in
a way that takes advantage of parallel processing,
you can now get the answer 1000 times as fast
for the same amount of money.
• Embarrassingly parallel: Cloud computing works
best when a problem can be broken down into a
large number of relatively independent tasks,
each running on its own computer.

40. Using the Cloud for Simulation and
Analysis

41. Simulations and Analysis Via Cloud

42. Autodesk Simulation 360
• Engineering simulation
• Predict, optimize, and validate design
decisions with proven simulation technology
• Better manage your simulation workflow and
workload
• Run and access simulations anywhere,
anytime
• Reduce costs with minimal hardware
investments and pay-as-you-go software

43. NEEShub tools: OpenSees in the
Clouds
• OpenSees is a software framework for simulating
the seismic response of structural and
geotechnical systems.
• It is the computational platform for research in
performance-based earthquake engineering at
PEER
• Version 2.2.2 now available with over 80 material
types, 30 element types, 20 integration schemes,
15 numerical solvers, 10 solution algorithms

44. • Steel Building Study :
– 7200 records ,2 min a record ,240 hours or 10 days ,Ran on
2000 processors
on teragrid in less than 15 min
• Concrete Building Study:
– 113 records, 4 intensities ,3 hour a record, would have taken
1356 hours or 56.5 days Ran on 452 processors of a Teragrid
in less than 5 hours.

46. CUDA in the Cloud
• CUDA is a parallel computing platform and
programming model invented by NVIDIA.
• It enables dramatic increases in computing
performance by harnessing the power of the
graphics-processing unit (GPU).
– Peer1: Is a long-established hosting company with
data centers across the U.S., in Canada, and Europe.
– Hoopoe:is an Israel-based project designed to build
cloud-based GPU computing systems based on Tesla
GPUs
– Amazon EC2: Supports GPU clusters using CUDA
programming.

47. Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Eliminate expense of acquiring, managing and operating hardware
• Elastic computing Pay-as-you-go model /Reduced cost
• More Storage
• There will never be a worry about running out of disk space
• Automatically Updated
• Shared Resources
• No software needs to be installed, saving time and money
• Enable services to be used without understanding their
infrastructure
• The cloud service providers will supply all the Backup and Recovery
facilities
• Mobility

48. Risk of Cloud Computing
• In July 2008, Amazon’s S3 cloud storage service went down for the
second time that year. A lot of applications were hosted by the
company and all those services could not be accesses until techs
cloud fix the problem. Some applications were down for eight
hours.
• Data: Sometimes it is more difficult to integrate your applications if
they are geographically dispersed. That it is easier to manage and
access your data if it is nearby, and not under someone else’s
control.
• You do not have control over the remote servers, their software, or
their Security
• Your data is at the mercy of a third-party company
• Additional cost of data transfer fees
• It may be difficult to migrate massive amounts of data from the
provider

50. Conclusions
• Cloud computing is still struggling in its infancy with negative and
positive Comments.
• cloud computing is rapidly emerging as a viable alternative to
traditional approaches
• Data security is an important factor for cloud computing and to day
modern Encryption algorithms play the main role in data security of
cloud computing
• Real business value can be realized by customers of all sizes
• Cloud solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long term
contracts and are easier to scale up and down as needed
• Proper planning and migration services are needed to ensure a
successful implementation
• Third party monitoring services ensure customer are getting the
most out of their cloud environment

51. Thank You !