Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. It is commonly found as a colorless gas and liquid with a sweet aroma. Exposure can occur through breathing contaminated air or drinking water near manufacturing plants or waste sites. Chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride may result in toxicity to the liver and it is suspected to be carcinogenic. Lawsuits have been filed against companies for contamination from carbon tetrachloride leaks at industrial sites like the Rocky Flats Plant in the US.
MSDS is a document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products
Why is chlorine dioxide better than chlorine in treating waterGO2International
Although chlorine dioxide and chlorine are both oxidizing agents, ClO2 has a higher oxidation capacity making it at least 2.6 times more powerful per ppm.
MSDS is a document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products
Why is chlorine dioxide better than chlorine in treating waterGO2International
Although chlorine dioxide and chlorine are both oxidizing agents, ClO2 has a higher oxidation capacity making it at least 2.6 times more powerful per ppm.
2008 Toyota International Teacher Program in Costa Rica REVISED IMPACT PLANAimeetheArtEducator
The following document is my Revised Impact Plan, a description of various dissemination projects that were inspired from my participation in the 2008 Toyota International Teacher Program to Costa Rica.
Is the mobile web enabled or disabled by design?Henny Swan
A look at mobile accessibility drawing on comparisons and lessons learned from desktop as well as looking ahead at existing and emerging technologies that help developers ensure content is accessible across devices.
In this talk give at the Usability Experience Professional's Association I look at where the love is between mobile UX and accessibility, discuss how accessibility originates with design not development, and how it fixes the usability problems you never knew you had.
Cancer is the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of new cells in any part of the body, characterized by cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.
The starch obtained from corn grain is also known as maize starch or cornflour. The kernel's endosperm is where the starch is found. A common food ingredient, maize starch is used to manufacture corn syrup and other sugars, as well as to thicken sauces and soups.
Elchemy is the leading corn starch supplier, and exporter, offering high-quality and innovative chemical products to a wide range of industries. For more details, visit our website now!
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Product Identifier: PT Flex D60 Casting Resin Part A
Product Code(s): PTFLEXD60A
Use: Component for Polyurethane Casting Resin. For
Industrial/Professional use only. Not for spray
application.
Manufacturer: Polytek Development Corp.
55 Hilton St., Easton, PA 18042
Phone Number: 610-559-8620 (9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST)
Emergency Phone: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 or
+1 (703) 527-3887
E-mail: sds@polytek.com
Product Identifier: PT Flex D60 Casting Resin Part A
Product Code(s): PTFLEXD60A
Use: Component for Polyurethane Casting Resin. For
Industrial/Professional use only. Not for spray
application.
Manufacturer: Polytek Development Corp.
55 Hilton St., Easton, PA 18042
Phone Number: 610-559-8620 (9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST)
Emergency Phone: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 or
+1 (703) 527-3887
E-mail: sds@polytek.com
Chloromethanes namely methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), Chloroform (CHCl3) and Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) are produced by direct chlorination of Cl2 in a gas phase reaction without any catalyst.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Clo Project 1 Version 2 (03 format)
1. Group Members: Nor Shahila (Leader) Ong Shi Hui Nurul Amelina Nor Khalish Group 4, 2L06
2. Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. Clear liquid with a sweet aroma that can be detected at low levels. Layman Term: Carbon Chloride. Most often found in the air as a colourless gas as well. It is not flammable and does not dissolve in water very easily. 3 0 0
3.
4.
5.
6. EYE EFFECTS: Contact with product may cause mild irritation. SKIN EFFECTS: Mild irritation. Prolonged contact causes contact dermatitis. INGESTION EFFECTS: Similar to effects from inhalation. INHALATION EFFECTS: Short term exposure causes headache, dizziness and irritation to the respiratory system.
7. Chronic exposure to this material may result in toxicity in liver . Suspect carcinogen and reproductive toxin in rats and maybe in humans . Research done by lab technicians: LD50 = 2350 mg/kg (Species: Rat) CCl 4 is a central nervous system depressant and may cause loss of consciousness at high concentrations.
8.
9. Should Carbon Tetrachloride come in contact with… Eyes : Flush eyes with water immediately for about 15 minutes . See a doctor promptly. Skin : Remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected areas with water. Seek medical help immediately! Ingestion : Contact Local Poison Control Centre or Civil Defence . If conscious, induce vomiting and continue till vomit is clear.
10.
11.
12. Temperature at which the cylinders are stored… should not exceed 54 Degree Celsius. Stored cylinders upright and firmly secured to prevent being knocked over and falling. No open flames are allowed to come in contact with the vapour. Proper Storage/ Handling of CCl 4
13. Handling of chemical spillage of CCl 4 ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use local exhaust to prevent accumulation above the exposure limit. PPE! EYE/FACE PROTECTION: Safety goggles or glasses SKIN PROTECTION: Protective Gloves: Nitrile or Viton. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Positive pressure air line with full-face mask and self-contained breathing apparatus should be available for emergency use. OTHER/GENERAL PROTECTION: Safety shoes, safety shower, eyewash "fountain.” *SQUEAK*My PPE!
15. In Year 2000, Congress proposed transforming Rocky Flats to a wildlife refuge , setting aside 25 km after cleanup and closure from the previous leakage problems from the plant. A modified agreement was reached for an area clean- up. Due to fires in 1957 due to protests and other “lack of attention” releases (waste storage area prone to air borne), the site is contaminated with plutonium. The other major contaminant is carbon tetrachloride . Both of these substances affected areas adjacent to the site.
16. Actions taken by the DOE & The Jury: After the clear- up, about 4.0 km² of the new wildlife refuge (the former Industrial Area) will remain under DOE control to protect the ongoing environmental monitoring and remedy. After a 16-year legal battle... A lawsuit brought by 12,000 property owners living downwind from Rocky Flats was filed against Dow Chemical and Rockwell International.
17. CCl 4 can get really dreadful !!! Research done by ATSDR: What happens to carbon tetrachloride when it enters the environment? Swiftly, it is gone with the wind. So, most of it is in the air! What if the public inhales huge volumes of it? Only a small amount sticks to soil particles; the rest evaporates or moves into the groundwater . It can be broken down or transformed in soil and water within several days. When it does break down, it forms chemicals that can destroy ozone in the upper atmosphere. It does not build up in animals but we do not know if it build up in plants. Note: Swallowing or breathing carbon tetrachloride for years caused liver tumours in animals!!!
18. Another follow – up research done by ATSDR: Mice that breathed in carbon tetrachloride also developed tumours of the adrenal gland. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that carbon tetrachloride may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that carbon tetrachloride is possibly ... carcinogenic to humans . OH NO ! OH NO! AHHHHHS!
19. So, the Outcome of the Lawsuit: $110 million in punitive damages against Dow Chemical $89 million against Rockwell International $177 million against each company in actual damages Note: There were different companies owning the site over the long decades and leakage cases.
20. The End. Thank you! References : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Flats http://www.eurochlor.org/carbontetrachloride http://www.eco-usa.net/toxics/ccl4.shtml http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ChemFS/fs/carbontet.htm http://images.google.com.sg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.keystone.org/spp/images/rockyflats_250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.keystone.org/spp/env-hazardouswaste.html&h=164&w=250&sz=18&hl=en&start=152&um=1&tbnid=4WQAyOWZ3mrbXM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drocky%2Bflats%26start%3D140%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN & certain MSDS data in PDF format surfed from the Internet. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html www.yahoo.com www.google.com
