Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, sweet-smelling liquid that is commonly used as a degreasing agent, in fire extinguishers, and as a refrigerant. It is not flammable but produces flammable gases when heated. Chronic exposure can damage the central nervous system and liver and has been shown to cause tumors in mice. A major case study discussed involved extensive contamination at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant in Colorado from carbon tetrachloride and plutonium waste, resulting in large legal settlements against responsible companies. Proper handling and storage is needed to reduce risks from exposure.
MSDS is a document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products
https://www.natlenvtrainers.com | In this presentation, National Environmental Trainers takes a look at the far-reaching impacts that chemical exposures can have on various industries, and what can be done to ensure optimum levels of safety.
MSDS is a document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products
https://www.natlenvtrainers.com | In this presentation, National Environmental Trainers takes a look at the far-reaching impacts that chemical exposures can have on various industries, and what can be done to ensure optimum levels of safety.
Medidas preventivas. Educación de la población respecto a medidas personales tales como destrucción de los criaderos y protección contra la picadura de mosquitos.
Aspectos letales
The starch obtained from corn grain is also known as maize starch or cornflour. The kernel's endosperm is where the starch is found. A common food ingredient, maize starch is used to manufacture corn syrup and other sugars, as well as to thicken sauces and soups.
Elchemy is the leading corn starch supplier, and exporter, offering high-quality and innovative chemical products to a wide range of industries. For more details, visit our website now!
https://www.elchemy.com/
Cancer is the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of new cells in any part of the body, characterized by cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Surgical Site Infections, pathophysiology, and prevention.pptx
Clo Project 1 Version 3 (03 Format)
1. Group Members: Nor Shahila (Leader) Ong Shi Hui Nurul Amelina Nor Khalish Group 4, 2L06
2. A manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. Clear liquid with a sweet aroma that can be detected at low levels. Most often found in the air as a colourless gas. It is not flammable and does not dissolve in water easily. 3 0 0
3.
4.
5. Specified Limit to Exposure of Chemical - Applicable to shop- floor / workplace The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set a (PEL) limit of 10 ppm. TLV- TWA: In workplace air for an 40-hour workweek .
6.
7. EYE EFFECTS: Causes mild irritation. SKIN EFFECTS: Mild irritation. Prolonged contact causes contact dermatitis. INHALATION / INGESTION EFFECTS: Short term - causes headache, dizziness and irritation of respiratory system.
8. Chronic exposure can cause what effect? Research done by lab technicians: LD50 = 2350 mg/kg (Species: Rat) Is a central nervous system depressant. May cause loss of consciousness at high concentrations.
9. Non-flammable but… vapour is! Decomposes into phosgene and hydrogen chloride under fire conditions. Explosive reaction with particulates of metal E.g. Aluminum, barium, potassium, sodium Reacts violently with chemicals like: Fluorine, Boranes, Allyl alcohol
10.
11. Should Carbon Tetrachloride come in contact with… Eyes : Flush eyes with water immediately for about 15 minutes . Skin : Remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected areas with water. Seek medical help immediately!
12.
13. Conscious persons should be assisted to ( warm ) zone and inhale fresh air/ decontaminated! Prompt evacuation! Basic First Aid Procedures… Seek for emergency medical help immediately! Further treatment should be followed up.
14. Proper Storage/ Handling of CCl 4 Carbon Tetrachloride… Check Compatibility of chemicals… incompatible with aluminium and zinc! Cylinder movement is only to be used with a suitable hand truck.
15.
16. Temperature at which the cylinders are stored… should not exceed 54 Degree Celsius. Stored cylinders upright and firmly secured. No open flames are allowed to come in contact with the vapour. Proper Storage/ Handling of CCl 4
17. Handling of chemical spillage of CCl 4 ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use local exhaust to prevent accumulation above the exposure limit. EYE/FACE PROTECTION: Safety goggles or glasses SKIN PROTECTION: Protective Gloves: Nitrile or Viton. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Full-face mask and self-contained breathing apparatus. *SQUEAK*My PPE!
19. In Year 2000, Congress proposed transforming Rocky Flats to a wildlife refuge . Due to fires in 1957 due to protests and other “lack of attention” releases (waste storage area prone to air borne), the site is contaminated with plutonium. The other major contaminant is carbon tetrachloride . Both of these substances affected areas adjacent to the site.
20. Actions taken by the DOE & The Jury: About 4.0 km² of the new wildlife refuge remains under DOE control. After a 16-year legal battle... A lawsuit brought by 12,000 property owners living downwind from Rocky Flats was filed… Against Dow Chemical and Rockwell International.
21. CCl 4 can get really dreadful !!! Research done by ATSDR: What happens to carbon tetrachloride when it enters the environment? Swiftly, it is gone with the wind. So, most of it is in the air! What if the public inhales huge volumes of it? It does not build up in animals but we do not know if it build up in plants.
22. CCl 4 can get really dreadful !!! Small amount sticks to soil particles; the rest evaporates or moves into the groundwater . When it does break down, it forms chemicals that can destroy ozone in the upper atmosphere.
23. Another follow – up research done by ATSDR: Mice that breathed in carbon tetrachloride also developed tumours! The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that carbon tetrachloride is possibly ... carcinogenic to humans . OH NO ! OH NO! AHHHHHS!
24. So, the Outcome of the Lawsuit: $110 million in punitive damages against Dow Chemical $89 million against Rockwell International $177 million against each company in actual damages
25. The End. Thank you! References : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Flats http://www.eurochlor.org/carbontetrachloride http://www.eco-usa.net/toxics/ccl4.shtml http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ChemFS/fs/carbontet.htm http://images.google.com.sg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.keystone.org/spp/images/rockyflats_250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.keystone.org/spp/env-hazardouswaste.html&h=164&w=250&sz=18&hl=en&start=152&um=1&tbnid=4WQAyOWZ3mrbXM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drocky%2Bflats%26start%3D140%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN & certain MSDS data in PDF format surfed from the Internet. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html www.yahoo.com www.google.com
