Chronic pain is the most common cause of long-term disability in the United States. As a result most conditions that result in a visit to physical therapy involve a degree of inflammation and pain. These symptoms typically result in functional limitations, decreased strength and impaired mobility. Physical therapists create treatment plans with efficiency and maximum benefits in mind using a combination of manual therapy, activity-based procedures, patient education and physical modalities. When considering using a modality, many factors are considered: ease of use, efficiency of time, whether it’s non-invasive, and the speed in which it can benefit. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is one of the most popular treatment modalities in physical therapy. Physical therapists use laser light therapy to great
Laser Light Therapy for Physical Therapy
effect with a multitude of chronic pain diagnoses including arthritis, neuropathy, muscle strains, fractures, pain reduction and TMJ.
This document provides an overview of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and its application for shoulder impingement. It includes sections on laser introduction, the history of laser therapy, LLLT parameters and benefits. A case study is presented of a patient with shoulder impingement who was treated with LLLT, exercises and modalities over 6 sessions. Outcome measures showed improvements in range of motion, strength, and pain levels. Research supporting the use of LLLT for shoulder conditions and tendinopathies is summarized, though the evidence remains conflicting. Further research on optimal treatment parameters is suggested.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as cold laser therapy, uses low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes to reduce pain and inflammation and stimulate healing. LLLT works by stimulating cellular functions through photobiomodulation. The document discusses the mechanisms through which LLLT provides therapeutic effects such as reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving wound healing. It provides information on appropriate dosages, wavelengths, application techniques, indications, contraindications, and safety precautions for LLLT.
Saurab Sharma presented on Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The objectives were to understand TENS theory, application techniques, uses, electrode placement, and precautions. TENS delivers electricity across the skin to activate nerves and provides pain relief for acute, chronic non-malignant, and palliative malignant pain. Different application techniques include high frequency, low frequency, brief intense, burst mode, and modulated TENS. Common uses are postoperative, labor, musculoskeletal, and neuropathic pain. Electrodes are placed over painful sites and precautions taken with pacemakers, malignancy, and skin conditions.
Laser therapy involves using concentrated light from lasers to treat various medical conditions. Key points:
- Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for both therapeutic and surgical purposes.
- Low-level lasers are used therapeutically to reduce pain and inflammation and promote tissue healing through photobiomodulation.
- The physiological effects of low-level laser therapy include reducing pain by increasing endorphins and serotonin, reducing inflammation by enhancing ATP and stabilizing cell membranes, and promoting tissue healing by increasing macrophage and fibroblast activity.
- Common indications are dermatological disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and neurogenic pain. Lasers are classified based on power output and safety, with classes 1
Iontophoresis is a technique that uses a low-level electrical current to transfer ions through the skin for therapeutic purposes. It works by using the electrical polarity of ions - ions with the same polarity as the electrode they are placed under will be repelled into the skin, while ions with opposite polarity will be attracted. The current must be direct current applied at low intensity for short durations. Proper electrode size and ionic solution are required to avoid burns or irritation. Iontophoresis can be used to deliver medications for conditions like inflammation, pain, and skin problems.
This document discusses microwave diathermy, which uses electromagnetic radiation between shortwave and infrared waves to generate heat deep in tissues for therapeutic purposes. It notes that microwave diathermy does not penetrate as deeply as shortwave diathermy due its higher frequency and shorter wavelength. The document provides details on microwave generators using 2450MHz frequency, applicators, absorption and penetration in different tissues, therapeutic effects, common applications for pain relief and increased circulation, as well as contraindications and treatment parameters.
This document provides an overview of low frequency currents used in electrotherapy. It discusses the history of electrotherapy including contributions from Galvani, Faraday, and others. It describes the main types of currents - direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. Specific low frequency currents are explained such as faradic current, interrupted direct current, and TENS. The physiological effects and therapeutic indications of low frequency currents are outlined. Contraindications and precautions for electrotherapy are also reviewed.
This document discusses various forms of electrotherapy used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. It describes galvanic current, diadynamic current, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current directly stimulates muscle without activating nerves. Diadynamic current comes in various forms that can stimulate muscles or affect the autonomic nervous system. Interferential therapy uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency effect for pain relief and muscle stimulation. TENS is a form of electrical stimulation that decreases pain by activating sensory nerves via surface electrodes.
This document provides an overview of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and its application for shoulder impingement. It includes sections on laser introduction, the history of laser therapy, LLLT parameters and benefits. A case study is presented of a patient with shoulder impingement who was treated with LLLT, exercises and modalities over 6 sessions. Outcome measures showed improvements in range of motion, strength, and pain levels. Research supporting the use of LLLT for shoulder conditions and tendinopathies is summarized, though the evidence remains conflicting. Further research on optimal treatment parameters is suggested.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as cold laser therapy, uses low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes to reduce pain and inflammation and stimulate healing. LLLT works by stimulating cellular functions through photobiomodulation. The document discusses the mechanisms through which LLLT provides therapeutic effects such as reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving wound healing. It provides information on appropriate dosages, wavelengths, application techniques, indications, contraindications, and safety precautions for LLLT.
Saurab Sharma presented on Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The objectives were to understand TENS theory, application techniques, uses, electrode placement, and precautions. TENS delivers electricity across the skin to activate nerves and provides pain relief for acute, chronic non-malignant, and palliative malignant pain. Different application techniques include high frequency, low frequency, brief intense, burst mode, and modulated TENS. Common uses are postoperative, labor, musculoskeletal, and neuropathic pain. Electrodes are placed over painful sites and precautions taken with pacemakers, malignancy, and skin conditions.
Laser therapy involves using concentrated light from lasers to treat various medical conditions. Key points:
- Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for both therapeutic and surgical purposes.
- Low-level lasers are used therapeutically to reduce pain and inflammation and promote tissue healing through photobiomodulation.
- The physiological effects of low-level laser therapy include reducing pain by increasing endorphins and serotonin, reducing inflammation by enhancing ATP and stabilizing cell membranes, and promoting tissue healing by increasing macrophage and fibroblast activity.
- Common indications are dermatological disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and neurogenic pain. Lasers are classified based on power output and safety, with classes 1
Iontophoresis is a technique that uses a low-level electrical current to transfer ions through the skin for therapeutic purposes. It works by using the electrical polarity of ions - ions with the same polarity as the electrode they are placed under will be repelled into the skin, while ions with opposite polarity will be attracted. The current must be direct current applied at low intensity for short durations. Proper electrode size and ionic solution are required to avoid burns or irritation. Iontophoresis can be used to deliver medications for conditions like inflammation, pain, and skin problems.
This document discusses microwave diathermy, which uses electromagnetic radiation between shortwave and infrared waves to generate heat deep in tissues for therapeutic purposes. It notes that microwave diathermy does not penetrate as deeply as shortwave diathermy due its higher frequency and shorter wavelength. The document provides details on microwave generators using 2450MHz frequency, applicators, absorption and penetration in different tissues, therapeutic effects, common applications for pain relief and increased circulation, as well as contraindications and treatment parameters.
This document provides an overview of low frequency currents used in electrotherapy. It discusses the history of electrotherapy including contributions from Galvani, Faraday, and others. It describes the main types of currents - direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. Specific low frequency currents are explained such as faradic current, interrupted direct current, and TENS. The physiological effects and therapeutic indications of low frequency currents are outlined. Contraindications and precautions for electrotherapy are also reviewed.
This document discusses various forms of electrotherapy used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. It describes galvanic current, diadynamic current, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current directly stimulates muscle without activating nerves. Diadynamic current comes in various forms that can stimulate muscles or affect the autonomic nervous system. Interferential therapy uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency effect for pain relief and muscle stimulation. TENS is a form of electrical stimulation that decreases pain by activating sensory nerves via surface electrodes.
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
This document provides an overview of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). It discusses how NMES works by sending electrical impulses to nerves that cause muscle contraction. NMES can increase strength, range of motion, and offset disuse effects. The document outlines different electrical waveforms, stimulus parameters, and applications of NMES for conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, and more. Precautions and contraindications are also reviewed.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRSSreeraj S R
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a method of electrical stimulation that aims to provide pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating the pain gate mechanism and/or opioid system. TENS works through several mechanisms including activation of pain-gating mechanisms in the spinal cord and stimulation of the descending pain suppression system and endogenous opioid release. Different TENS waveforms, frequencies, pulse widths and intensities can be used depending on the type of pain and desired effects. Common types of TENS include conventional high frequency TENS and acupuncture-like low frequency TENS. Care must be taken with electrode placement and TENS is generally contraindicated for those with pacemakers or heart conditions.
This document discusses various electrotherapy modalities used in physical therapy including galvanic current, Faradic current, shortwave diathermy, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current uses direct current to promote ion transfer and blood flow, while Faradic current uses pulses to cause muscle contraction. Shortwave diathermy uses electromagnetic waves to produce deep heating for pain relief and increased range of motion. Interferential therapy and TENS use electrical currents to reduce pain, inflammation, and accelerate healing for conditions like chronic pain, post-surgical recovery, and muscle injuries. These electrotherapy modalities are commonly used in physical therapy to aid muscle healing, increase blood flow, reduce pain, and improve range of
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, effects, and precautions. Some key points:
- IFT was developed in the 1950s and involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents slightly out of phase to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purposes.
- The interference of the currents produces an amplitude-modulated frequency that can stimulate tissues in a manner similar to low frequency electrotherapy.
- IFT is used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increasing blood flow, and reducing edema through its physiological effects on tissues from 10-150 Hz.
- Proper electrode placement and current parameters are important to achieve the intended effects while avoiding contraindic
Therapeutic LASER can be used for pain management and tissue healing. It works by stimulating cellular activity and increasing the body's natural healing responses. The most common types are helium-neon and gallium arsenide lasers. Precautions must be taken when using laser therapy due to risks of eye damage and interactions with medications. Proper dosage calculation and application techniques are important for safe and effective use of this therapeutic modality.
Contrast baths involve alternating immersion of an area in hot and cold water to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The alternating temperatures cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction, pumping blood and removing edema. This treatment alleviates pain, stiffness, and edema by improving circulation, increasing immune cells, and suppressing pain. Contrast baths are used for injuries like sprains and arthritis of the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, elbows, and knees. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for periods, then cold water for shorter periods, totaling around 25 minutes.
Laser therapy uses low-level lasers that emit coherent light to induce biological effects in tissues. It was first developed in the 1960s and approved by the FDA in 2002 to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Lasers are classified based on their power output and potential hazards, with classes 1 and 2 being safe for therapeutic use. Common types include helium-neon and gallium arsenide lasers. Physiological effects include reducing pain and inflammation, promoting tissue healing, and recovery from nerve injuries through various cellular mechanisms like increased ATP and growth factor production.
This document discusses T.E.N.S. (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), a non-invasive pain management technique. It stimulates nerves under the skin to reduce pain signals according to the gate control theory. T.E.N.S. has efficacy rates of 50-80% for controlling chronic and acute pain, such as post-surgical or injury pain. Different T.E.N.S. techniques like high frequency, low frequency, and brief intense stimulation are described along with their parameters and applications. Placement of electrodes and contraindications are also covered.
Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues. This form of heat can be applied to deeper structures than other forms of heat treatment.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Ultraviolet radiation covers a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays. It is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC based on wavelength. UV is produced by mercury vapor lamps and fluorescent lamps and can cause both immediate and long term effects on skin like erythema, pigmentation, vitamin D production, and skin cancer. The dosage of UV exposure depends on the lamp output, distance from the skin, exposure time, and individual skin sensitivity. UV therapy is used to treat conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema.
TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a non-invasive method of pain relief using a device that sends electrical pulses to nerves under the skin via electrodes. There are four parameters that can be adjusted: pulse shape, pulse width, frequency, and intensity. TENS is commonly used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions like back pain, arthritis, and sports injuries. Electrodes are placed on or near painful areas or trigger points and treatment sessions typically last less than 40 minutes daily. High and low TENS frequencies have different common parameter settings. Precautions are taken to avoid electrolyte reactions or use of TENS on certain body areas or for people with medical contraindications.
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
The document provides an overview of therapeutic massage, including its historical origins dating back to ancient Olympians, purposes of manipulating tissues to reduce muscle spasm and improve blood flow, and common techniques like effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration. It also describes myofascial release techniques like J-strokes and skin rolling. The physiological effects of massage are discussed as well as common indications, contraindications, and preparation steps. Traditional and edema reduction massage protocols are outlined.
Objective: Tennis elbow is an inflammatory condition of the common extensor origin over the lateral epicondyle. This condition does not affect tennis players only. It often follows an injury or sudden contraction of the common extensor origin.There is many treatments and approaches towards Tennis elbow but physiotherapy is the best modern conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of movement with mobilization in reducing pain and increasing strength in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Design and setting: A randomized controlled study design was used to examine the differences between conventional physical therapy and physical therapy with manual mobilization approach for study duration of 15 days. Subjects: Twelve subjects of both male and female gender were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group treated with ultrasound therapy, mobilization and progressive resisted exercises. Control group treated with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises only the results were analyzed. The procedure was done in Physiotherapy Department at Masterskill college of Nursing and health. Outcome Measurement: Two outcome measures were used. NPRS for the measurement of severity of pain and various weighted sand bags (0.25 kg to 2kg) were used to measure the strength. Results: The data shows a significant difference in the post test values of pain and strength between experimental group and control group. Experimental group shows much decrease in pain and increase in strength than the control group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the manual mobilization with movement along with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises is effective in reducing pain and increasing strength than that of progressive resisted exercise along with ultra sound therapy in adults with chronic lateral epicondylitis.
Electrotherapy for osteoarthritis, frozen shoulder and low back pain.kalpesh hospital
This document discusses various electrotherapeutic approaches for treating osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, including their mechanisms and effectiveness. It summarizes several studies on:
1. Shortwave diathermy (SWD), which uses heat to reduce pain and increase mobility in OA patients. Studies found SWD effective for decreasing knee pain over 15-9 treatment sessions.
2. Ultrasound, which uses sound waves to increase blood flow and reduce inflammation/pain in OA. Pulsed ultrasound may be more effective than continuous ultrasound.
3. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), which strengthens muscles in OA patients. NMES reduced weakness and improved function in OA patients over
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
This document provides an overview of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). It discusses how NMES works by sending electrical impulses to nerves that cause muscle contraction. NMES can increase strength, range of motion, and offset disuse effects. The document outlines different electrical waveforms, stimulus parameters, and applications of NMES for conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, and more. Precautions and contraindications are also reviewed.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRSSreeraj S R
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a method of electrical stimulation that aims to provide pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating the pain gate mechanism and/or opioid system. TENS works through several mechanisms including activation of pain-gating mechanisms in the spinal cord and stimulation of the descending pain suppression system and endogenous opioid release. Different TENS waveforms, frequencies, pulse widths and intensities can be used depending on the type of pain and desired effects. Common types of TENS include conventional high frequency TENS and acupuncture-like low frequency TENS. Care must be taken with electrode placement and TENS is generally contraindicated for those with pacemakers or heart conditions.
This document discusses various electrotherapy modalities used in physical therapy including galvanic current, Faradic current, shortwave diathermy, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current uses direct current to promote ion transfer and blood flow, while Faradic current uses pulses to cause muscle contraction. Shortwave diathermy uses electromagnetic waves to produce deep heating for pain relief and increased range of motion. Interferential therapy and TENS use electrical currents to reduce pain, inflammation, and accelerate healing for conditions like chronic pain, post-surgical recovery, and muscle injuries. These electrotherapy modalities are commonly used in physical therapy to aid muscle healing, increase blood flow, reduce pain, and improve range of
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, effects, and precautions. Some key points:
- IFT was developed in the 1950s and involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents slightly out of phase to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purposes.
- The interference of the currents produces an amplitude-modulated frequency that can stimulate tissues in a manner similar to low frequency electrotherapy.
- IFT is used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increasing blood flow, and reducing edema through its physiological effects on tissues from 10-150 Hz.
- Proper electrode placement and current parameters are important to achieve the intended effects while avoiding contraindic
Therapeutic LASER can be used for pain management and tissue healing. It works by stimulating cellular activity and increasing the body's natural healing responses. The most common types are helium-neon and gallium arsenide lasers. Precautions must be taken when using laser therapy due to risks of eye damage and interactions with medications. Proper dosage calculation and application techniques are important for safe and effective use of this therapeutic modality.
Contrast baths involve alternating immersion of an area in hot and cold water to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The alternating temperatures cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction, pumping blood and removing edema. This treatment alleviates pain, stiffness, and edema by improving circulation, increasing immune cells, and suppressing pain. Contrast baths are used for injuries like sprains and arthritis of the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, elbows, and knees. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for periods, then cold water for shorter periods, totaling around 25 minutes.
Laser therapy uses low-level lasers that emit coherent light to induce biological effects in tissues. It was first developed in the 1960s and approved by the FDA in 2002 to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Lasers are classified based on their power output and potential hazards, with classes 1 and 2 being safe for therapeutic use. Common types include helium-neon and gallium arsenide lasers. Physiological effects include reducing pain and inflammation, promoting tissue healing, and recovery from nerve injuries through various cellular mechanisms like increased ATP and growth factor production.
This document discusses T.E.N.S. (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), a non-invasive pain management technique. It stimulates nerves under the skin to reduce pain signals according to the gate control theory. T.E.N.S. has efficacy rates of 50-80% for controlling chronic and acute pain, such as post-surgical or injury pain. Different T.E.N.S. techniques like high frequency, low frequency, and brief intense stimulation are described along with their parameters and applications. Placement of electrodes and contraindications are also covered.
Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues. This form of heat can be applied to deeper structures than other forms of heat treatment.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Ultraviolet radiation covers a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays. It is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC based on wavelength. UV is produced by mercury vapor lamps and fluorescent lamps and can cause both immediate and long term effects on skin like erythema, pigmentation, vitamin D production, and skin cancer. The dosage of UV exposure depends on the lamp output, distance from the skin, exposure time, and individual skin sensitivity. UV therapy is used to treat conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema.
TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a non-invasive method of pain relief using a device that sends electrical pulses to nerves under the skin via electrodes. There are four parameters that can be adjusted: pulse shape, pulse width, frequency, and intensity. TENS is commonly used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions like back pain, arthritis, and sports injuries. Electrodes are placed on or near painful areas or trigger points and treatment sessions typically last less than 40 minutes daily. High and low TENS frequencies have different common parameter settings. Precautions are taken to avoid electrolyte reactions or use of TENS on certain body areas or for people with medical contraindications.
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
The document provides an overview of therapeutic massage, including its historical origins dating back to ancient Olympians, purposes of manipulating tissues to reduce muscle spasm and improve blood flow, and common techniques like effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration. It also describes myofascial release techniques like J-strokes and skin rolling. The physiological effects of massage are discussed as well as common indications, contraindications, and preparation steps. Traditional and edema reduction massage protocols are outlined.
Objective: Tennis elbow is an inflammatory condition of the common extensor origin over the lateral epicondyle. This condition does not affect tennis players only. It often follows an injury or sudden contraction of the common extensor origin.There is many treatments and approaches towards Tennis elbow but physiotherapy is the best modern conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of movement with mobilization in reducing pain and increasing strength in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Design and setting: A randomized controlled study design was used to examine the differences between conventional physical therapy and physical therapy with manual mobilization approach for study duration of 15 days. Subjects: Twelve subjects of both male and female gender were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group treated with ultrasound therapy, mobilization and progressive resisted exercises. Control group treated with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises only the results were analyzed. The procedure was done in Physiotherapy Department at Masterskill college of Nursing and health. Outcome Measurement: Two outcome measures were used. NPRS for the measurement of severity of pain and various weighted sand bags (0.25 kg to 2kg) were used to measure the strength. Results: The data shows a significant difference in the post test values of pain and strength between experimental group and control group. Experimental group shows much decrease in pain and increase in strength than the control group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the manual mobilization with movement along with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises is effective in reducing pain and increasing strength than that of progressive resisted exercise along with ultra sound therapy in adults with chronic lateral epicondylitis.
Electrotherapy for osteoarthritis, frozen shoulder and low back pain.kalpesh hospital
This document discusses various electrotherapeutic approaches for treating osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, including their mechanisms and effectiveness. It summarizes several studies on:
1. Shortwave diathermy (SWD), which uses heat to reduce pain and increase mobility in OA patients. Studies found SWD effective for decreasing knee pain over 15-9 treatment sessions.
2. Ultrasound, which uses sound waves to increase blood flow and reduce inflammation/pain in OA. Pulsed ultrasound may be more effective than continuous ultrasound.
3. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), which strengthens muscles in OA patients. NMES reduced weakness and improved function in OA patients over
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) involves applying red or near-infrared light to injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing and provide pain relief. LLLT works by stimulating cellular activity through absorption by chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria. Clinical studies show LLLT can speed wound healing, reduce pain, and treat conditions like tendonitis. While LLLT dosage is challenging to define precisely due to variable beam shapes and densities, clinical results generally improve with higher total energy delivery.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of connective tissues, primarily in the joints. It affects about 1% of the population worldwide and occurs 2-4 times more often in women. While the specific causes are unknown, risk factors include age, sex, genetics, smoking, and obesity. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and tenderness in multiple joints as well as fatigue and weight loss. Treatment focuses on education, exercise, medications to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression, and surgery in severe cases. Nursing care involves pain management, education on the disease and treatments, and demonstrating techniques to maintain independence.
The document describes a case study of a 33-year old professional baseball player who sustained a grade 1 ankle sprain. He was treated with a class IV therapeutic laser, Polymem bandage, open basket weave tape, and ice. This new treatment approach reduced pain and swelling, allowing the player to return to play in just 2 days, much faster than the typical recovery time of 1 week. While these new modalities seemed effective in this case, more research is needed to validate their use for ankle sprains.
Chiropractors Near Me -Premier Sports and Spine Center,MNStephen George
Soft tissue injuries take several weeks to months to heal. If you have sustained a soft tissue injury, your chiropractor will ask you to visit them for weeks and months. You need to visit them for several weeks and months because they conservative treatments to promote self-healing through various means such as physical therapy, rest, and spinal manipulations.
This document discusses the examination, diagnosis, classification, etiology, and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. It begins by outlining the components of examining a patient's history, clinical examination including inspection and palpation, and various radiological diagnostic aids. It then classifies TMJ disorders into joint disorders, muscle disorders, and associated structure disorders. Several etiological factors are proposed, including trauma, stress, occlusion, and parafunctional habits. The document concludes by discussing general treatment considerations and various non-surgical treatment options including medications, physical therapy modalities, manual therapy, and acupuncture.
This document provides information on several topics related to using acupuncture to treat medical conditions. It discusses how acupuncture can be used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, Bell's palsy, restless leg syndrome, and improve brain function. For each condition, it describes symptoms and the perspective of acupuncture for treating the imbalance or obstruction causing the condition.
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis of the knee, including definition, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment options, and surgical considerations. It defines osteoarthritis as cartilage failure induced by genetic and biomechanical factors. Risk factors include age, obesity, injury history. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms of pain and stiffness, physical exam findings of crepitus and limited range of motion. Treatment includes weight loss, exercise, braces, medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and injections. Surgery such as arthroscopic debridement or joint replacement may be considered for advanced cases.
Contrast bath therapy involves alternating immersion of a body part in cold then warm water. It treats soreness, swelling, and inflammation from injuries or conditions like sprains or carpal tunnel by increasing blood circulation and lymph flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction induced by temperature changes.
This document provides information about Achilles tendinopathy, including:
- It is a common overuse injury among athletes and the general public.
- It can be classified based on its location as insertional, non-insertional, or proximal tendinopathy.
- Risk factors include excessive loading, tight calf muscles, foot abnormalities, and medical issues.
- Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Arc sign and imaging like ultrasound or MRI.
- Treatment begins with rest, bracing, eccentric exercises, and other conservative methods, with surgery reserved for severe cases.
Preconditioning laserphototherapy involves using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) prior to potential insults or interventions to reduce damage and improve outcomes. Studies have shown LLLT can reduce side effects from radiation or chemotherapy, decrease muscle fatigue and damage from exercise, reduce post-surgical pain and inflammation, and help prevent herpes outbreaks when used at early symptom stages. The mechanisms are not fully understood but LLLT is thought to boost cellular energy production and defenses. Using LLLT preemptively before dental procedures, surgery, athletic activities or infections could provide protective effects with minimal risk or cost.
Rejuven8 clinic is most up[dated Diagnostic center where body analysis, food tolerance test, body fat analysis etc treatments are provided. Rejuven8 also provides treatments like EMRT treatments, EECP treatment, chelation therapy.rejuven8 a leader in providing medical care to patients as it integrates with other disciplines.
This document discusses the use of lasers in orthopedic surgery. It describes how lasers interact with biological tissues through scattering, penetration and absorption, and how these effects can be used for biostimulation or bioinhibition depending on the wavelength and power. Applications of lasers in orthopedics include pain management, wound healing, nerve regeneration and treatment of injuries to soft tissues, joints, muscles and bones. Lasers provide benefits over traditional surgery such as smaller incisions, less bleeding and swelling, and faster recovery times.
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisNilofarRasheed1
Rheumatoid Arthritis An autoimmune disorder, occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues.
occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues. Physiotherapy play a critical component of the overall management for patients with RA
1) Entrapment neuropathies occur when nerves are injured by chronic compression, angulations, or stretching forces, causing mechanical damage. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example where the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the wrist.
2) Clinical features of entrapment neuropathies include pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and weakness in the affected area. Electrodiagnostic tests like nerve conduction studies and electromyography are important diagnostically.
3) Treatment involves conservative measures like splinting, steroid injections, and physical therapy. Surgery is considered if conservative treatment fails or for severe cases. Proper identification of the site of nerve entrapment is key to determining appropriate treatment
Physiotherapy management for rheumatoid arthritissenphysio
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. It most commonly affects women and can lead to joint damage, deformity, and disability over time. Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing rheumatoid arthritis by providing pain relief, preventing deformities, improving flexibility and strength, and maintaining functional ability. Treatment involves heat/cold therapy, exercises, joint protection techniques, and alternative therapies to help reduce inflammation and preserve joint function. The goals of physiotherapy are to protect joints, relieve pain, and prevent disability through regular exercise and mobility work.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the synovial joints, resulting in pain, stiffness, and swelling. It affects around 1% of the population worldwide. The cause is unknown but is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, blood tests for rheumatoid factor and CRP levels, and x-ray evidence of joint damage. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent further joint destruction, using medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids, and biologics. Surgery may be required in advanced cases to repair damaged joints.
Similar to Clinical Applications Of Low Level Laser Therapy In Physical Therapy (20)
A friend of mine recently told me her dermatologist was using Laser Light Therapy to successfully treat her eczema. I wasn’t surprised. With its time-efficiency and broad range of applications, Laser Light Therapy is one of the most popular treatment modalities in physical therapy. Physical therapists use laser light therapy to great effect with a multitude of diagnoses including arthritis, neuropathy, muscle strains, fractures, pain reduction and TMJ.
In addition to patients seen under an insurance or cash basis, clients who have suffered a work-place injury or car accident can benefit from physical therapy to help address their pain and return them to function.
While low back pain is the most common type, middle-back pain is just as uncomfortable, debilitating and becoming more prevalent with more and more people suffering from postural deficits.
When people have sports injuries, generally they want to throw some ice on it and call it a day, if they even do that. Unfortunately, some injuries can be persistent and begin to effect functional mobility. When this happens, it’s time to seek treatment from a physical therapist.
Kinesio tape is a physical therapy tool that can help with a variety of issues like neck, back, shoulder, knee, and ankle pain. It was developed in 1979 by Dr. Kenzo Kase and uses heat-activated glue so it can stay on for a few days during exercise or showering. When applied properly by a trained professional, it can help reduce pain, improve muscle function, increase circulation, and prevent injuries. There are different application techniques for Kinesio tape depending on the desired outcome, such as relieving pain, reducing swelling, or supporting injured areas.
In clinical practice, we need reliable measures of muscle strength to determine mobility and self-care ability within certain patient populations. For example, when you’re treating someone with a spinal cord injury (SCI) they may have strength deficits that can limit their functional ability to perform activities of daily living. In this case, muscle-strength testing is used to document recovery or loss of motor function early in SCI, as well as measure improvements in strength in chronic SCI. These measures are also used for research purposes to determine the effectiveness of clinical trials.
Neck pain is a common complaint in physical therapy, being the number three cause of chronic pain in the United States. The unfortunate byproduct is that most people believe that neck pain is a normal condition, with 41% believing it’s a part of the aging process and a whopping 60% not bothering to talk to a medical practitioner about their chronic pain.
Measuring hand strength and manual muscle testing helps identify deficits after local injury as well as providing information on a patient’s overall strength and health. The best way to measure hand strength or manual muscle testing is with the use of a handheld dynamometer.
uscle strength is a common area evaluated when patient first come to rehabilitation. Most practitioners use manual muscle testing devices like hand held dynamometers to get results for muscle strength.
Working in a physical therapy office, I see a lot of back pain. Some days, it feels like that’s all we treat. Recently I looked at statistics to confirm what I was seeing is true. A recent study found that up to 84% of adults will have low back pain, 23% of those will develop chronic low back pain that lasts more than a month and 48% will have pain that lasts even longer.
Monitoring muscle strength is one of the ways physical therapists and other healthcare practitioners can objectively assess overall health. The best tool for accurately evaluating muscle strength are what is know as Hand Held Dynamometers. Every move a body makes is powered by muscle strength. Muscle strength describes the force generated when a muscle (or group of muscles) contract. Maintaining muscle strength is an important part of daily life as it affects many aspects.
Scar tissue develops as the result of burns, deep lacerations or any injury that penetrates or disrupts the skin’s integrity. Skin has an amazing capacity to heal, so when injured a scab is formed following the injury.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, usually progressive, disease that primarily affects young adults. More than 350,000 people in the United States and 2.5 million worldwide have been diagnosed with MS. Multiple Sclerosis Physical Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that involves the loss of myelin, a material that covers and protects the nerves in the body's central nervous system.
When treating a patient in physical therapy, time is precious. When working in a busy physical therapy clinic, space is precious. Sometimes or rather most of the time, it can feel like there is too little of both.
When someone experiences groin strain, they’ve experienced a tear to the adductor muscles of the hip. There are 5 groin muscles (adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis and pectineus) and these muscles may be injured when they are in a stretched position, but also if they are forced to contract suddenly.
At the clinic we are sometimes asked about occupational therapy vs. physical therapy, as if they are two completely different sides in rehabilitation. When in reality, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy are complimentary professions. Occasionally, a patient will be confused as to what type of therapy they need.
The document discusses the benefits of using the MicroFET 2 handheld dynamometer for manual muscle testing. It recommends the MicroFET 2 because it is digital for easy reading, considered accurate according to studies, can be used wirelessly, and comes with attachments to ensure proper muscle isolation. Placement of the dynamometer is important for accuracy, and the document provides guidelines for correct placement during testing of various muscle groups and motions.
Appropriate Physical Therapy Modalities for Evaluation & Treatment of Workplace InjuriesMillions of Americans suffer from non-fatal workplace injuries each year. Unfortunately, 3.3 Americans will suffer a work-place injury from which they won’t recover
More than 1 million Americans suffer from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The symptoms of CFS can be debilitating leading to loss of function in work and daily activities. Physical therapy can not only give CFS patients the tools to manage their symptoms but improve their ability to regain function and quality of life.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
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This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
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2. Chronic pain is the most common cause of long-term disability in the United
States. As a result most conditions that result in a visit to physical therapy
involve a degree of inflammation and pain. These symptoms typically result in
functional limitations, decreased strength and impaired mobility.
Physical therapists create treatment
plans with efficiency and maximum
benefits in mind using a combination
of manual therapy, activity-based
procedures, patient education and
physical modalities.
3. Physical therapists use laser light therapy to great
Laser Light Therapy for Physical Therapy effect with
a multitude of chronic pain diagnoses including
arthritis, neuropathy, muscle strains, fractures, pain
reduction and TMJ.
When considering using a modality, many
factors are considered: ease of use,
efficiency of time, whether it’s non-invasive,
and the speed in which it can benefit.
Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is one of the
most popular treatment modalities in
physical therapy.
4. HOW LASER LIGHT THERAPY WORKS
Laser Light therapy uses very short
wavelengths of light (600-1000 nm) to
penetrate human tissue which
facilitates the healing of tissue, reduces
pain and swelling.
Particles called photons assemble in
waveforms to make light. The light
transmits through the skin's layers (the
dermis, epidermis and the subcutaneous
tissue or tissue fat under the skin) at all
wavelengths within the visible range.
However, light waves in the near infrared
ranges penetrate the deepest of all light
waves in the visible spectrum.
5. When low level laser light waves penetrate deeply into the skin, they
optimize the body’s immune responses in the blood. This creates both anti-
inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Research has found that light
transmitted to the blood through light
therapy has positive effective through-
out the whole body because it supplies
vital oxygen and energy to every cell.
6. The type of light utilized in Laser Light Therapy is most commonly red or near
infrared light. These forms of light are found on the electromagnetic spectrum
just above visible light. Numerous studies have found that the photons,
especially those found in the red or near infrared spectrum, have healing
properties at the cellular level, which means the cells are able to absorb the
photons.
The cell then uses these photons to make
additional adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
which creates the body’s energy. Being
able to create this additional energy helps
accelerate the body’s natural healing
processes.
7. Additionally, Laser Light Therapy is a popular treatment modality, aside from its
therapeutic benefits, is treatments usually last 5 minutes or less are non-
invasive and are pain-free. And while light therapy treatments are usually
performed two to three times a week, most people have noticed improvements
with their first or second treatment, making it fast acting too.
LLLT has been shown to hasten the
inflammatory process through
mitochondrial chromosphere
stimulation.
This is important because this
stimulation increases respiratory
chain activity, which in turn
enhances ATP synthesis, cellular
repair and reproduction.
9. Chronic pain is the most common cause of long-term disability. According to
the National Center for Health Statistics, approximately 76.2 million suffers
from acute pain lasting longer than 24 hours. Chronic pain is comprised of pain
associated with muscle spasms, tension, inflammation, stiffness, etc.
GENERAL CHRONIC PAIN:
LLLT is effective for treating chronic
pain and its side effects on many
levels. LLLT helps relieve muscle
tension, spasms, inflammation, fluid
retention, aches, stiffness, and pain.
10. Other benefits include improved
circulation (blood and lymph), general
flexibility, range of motion, and increased
tissue elasticity (ex: scar tissue).
The laser is placed directly over the
injured area for 30 seconds to several
minutes, depending on the size of the
area being treated and the dose provided
by the cold laser unit.
When cells absorb this light energy, it initiates a
series of events in the cell that is theorized to
eventually result in normalizing damaged or
injured tissue, a reduction in pain, inflammation,
edema and an overall reduction in healing time by
increasing intracellular metabolism.
11. Pelvic floor dysfunction refers to a wide range of problems that occur when the
muscles of the pelvic floor are weak, tight, or there is an impairment of the
sacroiliac joint, low back, coccyx and/or hip joint. The tissues surrounding the
pelvic organs may have increased or decreased sensitivity and/or irritation
resulting in pelvic pain.
PELVIC DYSFUNCTION:
Cold laser applies low-intensity laser light to
the tissue and may help with pain,
inflammation, and wound healing.
LLLT is able to relieve minor muscle aches,
joint pain and stiffness, and for relaxation of
muscle spasm, and increased local blood flow
where they are trapped or pinched by
muscles.
12. Arthritis currently affects 1 in 5 Americans. The primary advised treatment for
arthritis sufferers include anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers which carry
the risks of potential heart attack, stroke, liver and kidney problems and
stomach bleeding.
ARTHRITIS:
These drugs are recommended for short term
use, but for anyone suffering from Arthritis that’s
not possible, which means taking these drugs for
the long term and increasing the risk of long
term side effects.
The low level lasers of LLLT are able to alter
cellular function and have been found to be
effective in the treatment of Rheumatoid and
Osteoarthritis.
13. In a recent study published in The Journal of Rheumatology, LLLT reduced pain
in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients by 70% relative to the placebo and reduced
morning stiffness by 27.5% min, and increased flexibility of the hand by 1.3 cm.
A British study at the University of Dundee shows laser therapy used to
stimulate the same pressure points used in acupuncture significantly reduced
pain in patients suffering from Osteoarthritis.
Patients measured their pain on a scale
of one to 10. The results, published
in The Journal Physiotherapy showed
pain scores for those who received the
treatment dropped an average of 1.3
points and in some cases falling as
much as 2.4 points.
14. Achilles tendonitis is a common sports injury. It affects about 11% of all
running injuries. Achilles tendonitis can be quite debilitating, preventing the
sufferer from running and causing great difficulty walking, especially when the
pain is acute.
ACHILLES TENDONITIS:
Achilles tendonitis tends to occur
more in middle-aged recreational
athletes than other age groups. This
is because the Achilles tendons,
like other body tissues become
more rigid, less flexible, and more
susceptible to injury as we age.
15. Achilles tendonitis is usually caused from overuse and associated with over-
pronation of the foot or changes in footwear or running routine. The primary
presenting symptom of Achilles tendonitis is posterior heel pain. Research
suggests LLLT can provide relief from pain and faster healing of tendonitis
than conventional treatments, which rely primarily on resting the injured
tendon and using ice to reduce inflammation.
Additionally a study published in Lasers in
Surgery and Medicine found, combining
ultrasound with LLLT helped accelerate
healing and increase tendon tensile
strength.
16. Lateral pain in the elbow also known as Tennis elbow affects up to 3% of the
population, and is usually an overload injury that often follows minor trauma to
extensor forearm muscles.
LATERAL ELBOW TENDINOPATHY OR
TENNIS ELBOW:
Unfortunately pain and symptoms of
Tennis Elbow may persist for over 18
months to 2 years in up to 20% of
people.
17. In a review of studies published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders that
included patients with poor prognosis caused by failed steroid injections or
other treatment failures, or long symptom duration or severe baseline pain, it
showed that LLLT has an anti-inflammatory effect in 21 out of 24 controlled
laboratory trials and a bio-stimulatory effect on collagen production in 31 out
of 36 trials.
According to research, both of these
effects were dose-dependent and could be
induced by all wavelengths between 630
and 1064 nm with slight variations in
therapeutic dose-ranges according to the
wavelength used.
What this means is the anti-inflammatory
effect and increase in collagen fiber
production is seen in higher therapeutic
doses of LLLT.
18. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) develops from nerve problems in the wrist,
which cause persistent pain, numbness and tingling. These symptoms of CTS
progress gradually and can become debilitating, leading to work disability and
the need for surgery. It is estimated 260,000 carpal tunnel surgeries are
performed each year in the U.S.
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME:
However, if caught early and treated CTS is
reversible. Unfortunately, if not treated, the
insulation on the nerves may wear away, and
permanent nerve damage may develop
resulting in the need for surgery.
A recent study published with The National
Center for Biotechnology showed that low
level laser therapy significantly improved grip
strength, functionality and lowered pain in
carpal tunnel patients.
19. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain can be a significant problem. More than 10
million Americans complain of jaw pain. The Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
guides jaw movement. Problems with the TMJ are known as
Temporomandibular joint disorder or dysfunction (TMD).
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ):
TMD has a number of causes: bad posture, chronic
clenching, poor teeth alignment, fracture, surgery
or what is called “lockjaw”. TMD can cause a whole
host of other problems, as the pain radiates to
other areas of the body. TMD can not only cause
jaw pain, but also fatigue, difficulty opening the
mouth, ringing in the ears.
20. By using LLLT in the treatment of TMJ, the low level lasers of LLLT are able to
alter cellular function, reduce pain, inflammation and increase the flexibility
of the jaw joint.
In a meta-analysis of studies including those using a
double-blind and placebo-controlled trial, showed
that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain,
providing an anti-inflammatory, healing and
analgesic effect in TMJ as well as in the masticatory
muscle painful area. However, it must be noted that
reducing pain levels is dose-specific when using
LLLT.
21. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common diabetes-related comorbidity.
Diabetic neuropathy impacts between 60 to 70 percent of all patients with
diabetes. Neuropathy can have serious detrimental effects on a patient’s
quality of life. Patients with diabetic neuropathy have a 1.7-fold greater risk of
amputation and a 25 to 50 percent higher mortality rate in comparison to
those diabetic patients without neuropathy.
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY:
Current therapy for Diabetic Neuropathy is
purely symptomatic, aiming to relieve the
pain through the administration of various
analgesic drugs. These drugs are effective,
but no more than 40–60% of patients show
adequate symptomatic relief.
22. However, research has shown that LLLT is an effective treatment option for
Diabetic Neuropathy. According to a study published in The Journal of
Advanced Research patients receiving LLLT had a 26.4% decrease of pain level
through four weeks of treatment.
The reduction in pain is thought to be due to
increased ATP production by the mitochondria,
and increased cellular oxygen consumption,
increased serotonin and endorphins, anti-
inflammatory effects and improved blood
circulation in some cases.
23. The diversity of pain conditions in patients requires a diversity of research and
treatment approaches. The costs of unrelieved pain can result in longer
hospital stays, increased rates of re-hospitalization, increased outpatient
visits, and decreased ability to function fully which leads to loss of income and
insurance coverage.
According to a recent Institute of
Medicine report: “Relieving Pain in
America:
24. A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research”, pain
is a significant public health problem that costs society at least $560-$635
billion annually, an amount equal to about $2,000.00 for everyone living in the
U.S.
This includes the total incremental
cost of health care due to pain from
ranging between $261 to $300
billion and $297-$336 billion due to
lost productivity (based on days of
work missed, hours of work lost).
These costs don’t even take into
account the psychological cost of
living with chronic pain.
25. In physical therapy, treatment regimens for pain are a combination of hands-
on therapy, therapeutic exercise and treatment modalities. As we’ve
discussed, studies have shown time and again that Low Level Laser Therapy is
an effective partner in physical therapy treatment especially when LLLT was
combined with ultrasound therapy.
LLLT is effective not only in pain reduction, but is also non-invasive,
cost and time-efficient. The benefits of LLLT over a broad-range of
diagnoses make it an important tool in any physical therapy practice.