climate smart agriculture is the way to go for sustainable agriculture in sub Sharan Africa.

1. Climate Smart Agriculture: An
Approach to Sustainable
Development
Pius Anyumel Success
MMS, M&E, PPM (UMI), BARI (MUK)

2. Sustainable Development Goals
In the same year that the Paris Agreement was signed, 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by all United Nations Member States.
The 17 goals set out all of the things that need to be achieved to protect the planet
and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

3. Sustainable Development Goals
Some of the goals are to do with the state of our planet.
However, one of the most important things about the SDGs is the fact that they are all
connected. All the goals need to be realized together for us to achieve a future in
which every person born anywhere in the world has a healthy happy life.

4. Sustainable Development Goals
Sustainable development means that we need to reach this vision of the world without
preventing future generations from also being able to meet their needs.
We need to be able to continue each action forever without running out of resources
or causing damage that stops us from being able to carry on.

5. Agriculture
Challenges
Population: 9 billion
(By 2050)
Increased consumption
pattern
Increased competition
• Land
• Water
• Energy
• Other inputs
Challenges posed by
Climate change
Non environment friendly
agricultural practices
Increasing Green house gases emission
Farms emitted 6 billion ton of GHGs in 2011
(19 % of total global emissions )
 Countries with largest emission: China, Brazil, USA and India.
 Major emission in form of methane and N2O
Wheat production: -6 to 23%
(By 2050)

6. Climate Smart Agriculture
• Concept put forth in 2010 by the FAO.
• Also known as Climate Resilient Agriculture
(CRA).
Agricultural Approach
Sustainably increases productivity
Resilience to environmental pressures
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

7. drought
flooding
heat/cold wave
erratic rainfall pattern
long dry spells
insect or pest population explosions
Incorporation of
 Adaptation
 Mitigation
 Other practices
increases the capacity of
the system to respond to
various climate related
disturbances

8. Overview of CSA

9. Overview of CSA
CSA seeks to…
Preserve natural
resource base and
vital ecosystem
services
Transition to
agricultural
production
Enhance
food
security
Mitigate
climate
change

10. Overview of CSA
CSA seeks to…
Preserve natural
resource base and vital
ecosystem services
Transition to
agricultural
production
systems
Enhance
food
security
Mitigate
climate
change
More
productive

11. Overview of CSA
CSA seeks to…
Preserve natural
resource base and vital
ecosystem services
Transition to
agricultural
production
systems
Enhance
food
security
Mitigate
climate
change
More
productive
Use inputs
more
efficiently

12. Overview of CSA
CSA seeks to…
Preserve natural
resource base and vital
ecosystem services
Transition to
agricultural
production
systems
Enhance
food
security
Mitigate
climate
change
More
productive
Use inputs
more
efficiently
Less
variability and
more stability
in outputs

13. Overview of CSA
CSA seeks to…
Preserve natural
resource base and vital
ecosystem services
Transition to
agricultural
production
systems
Enhance
food
security
Mitigate
climate
change More
productive
Use inputs
more
efficiently
Less variability
and more
stability in
outputs
More resilient
to risks, shocks
and long-term
climate
variability

14. CSA’s OBJECTIVES
Increase agricultural productivity
to support increased incomes and
food security
adaptive capacity at
levels (from farm to
Increase
multiple
nation)
greenhouse gas
Decrease
emissions

15. CSA practices and technologies adopted include -
 Improved crop varieties for higher yield
 Varieties suitable to cope with drought and excess
water or high temperature
 Laser land leveling
 Zero tillage
 Residue retention
 Site specific nutrient management
 Legume integration
 Cropping system diversification
 Use of solar pump
 Use of crop sensor to assess crop health

16. Links to
Previous Approaches
 CSA contributes
to the
achievement of
sustainable
development
goals:
economic,
social and
environmen
tal
 Uses green
economy’s need
for more resource
efficiency and
resilience
Climate-Smart Agriculture
Sustainable
intensification
Green
Economy
Sustainable
development

17. human to fossil fuel dependent
machinery.
 Increased use of fertilizer, pesticides
and herbicides (dependent on fossil
fuels) generally very inefficiently
applied.
 Expansion of agricultural land area
through deforestation and conversion
from grasslands to cropland.
 Increased specialization in ag
production and marketing systems.
 Emphasizing improved and hybrid
crop varieties
•Use of energy efficient
technologies for agricultural power
(irrigation or tillage).
• Increased efficiency of fertilizer
/inputs and wider use of organic
fertilizer.
• Intensification on existing land
•Land use as main source of production
increase rather than expansion to
new areas.
•Greater diversification in
production, input and output
marketing systems.
•Valuing the resilience of
traditional varieties
•Energy
•Inputs
•System
•Varieties
Conventional Agricultural
Intensification
 Conversion of energy sources from
Climate Smart Agriculture

18. CLIMATE-SMART VILLAGES (CSVs)
CSV is a model of local actions for climate risk management in
farming communities that
 promote adaptation
 build resilience to climate stresses
 enhance food security

19. The key focus of the CSV model
to enhance climate literacy of farmers and
local stakeholders
develop a climate resilient agricultural
system by linking existing government
village development schemes and
investments
Promotion of combination of CSA
practices and technologies

20. csv
Climate
Information
Services
Local
Knowledge
& Institution
Village
Development
Plans
Climate
Smart
Technology
COMPONENT

21. Agriculture Practice Adopted
Direct seeded rice
Alternate wetting and drying in rice
ICT services to access weather+ agro advisories
Zero-tillage
Laser land levelling
Residue management/mulching
Crop diversification
Agroforestry
Precision nutrient management

22. SAP Promoted by
ICAR
Short duration finger millet varieties for
delayed monsoon
Short duration crop varieties suitable for
late sowings
Crop diversification for livelihood security
and resilience to climate variability
Flood tolerant varieties impart resilience to
farmers in flood-prone areas
Improving the resilience of poor farmers
reclaiming cultivable wastelands

23. SAP Promoted by
ICAR
Community tanks / ponds as a means of
management of village level water resources
Individual farm ponds for improving
livelihoods of small farmers
low cost rainwater harvesting
structures
Check dam - storing excess-runoff in streams
Recharge of wells to improve shallow
aquifers

24. SAP Promoted by
ICAR
Improved planting methods for enhancing
water use efficiency and crop productivity
Integrated Farming System modules
Zero till drill escape terminal heat
stress
In situ incorporation of biomass and crop
residues for improving soil health
Village level seed banks to combat seed
shortages

25. CHALLENGES
1.
• Intersections of food security, adaptation and mitigation, always occurs in
the context of region-specific conditions and cultures
• CSA, as currently conceived and implemented, fails entirely to recognize
different actors between different provisioning demands for food, water,
energy, materials and ecosystem services
2.
• CSA fails to consider possible impacts of agriculture on other ecosystem
services, biodiversity conservation and broader social, political and cultural
dynamics.
3.
• focus exclusively in developing countries
• Food security, nutritional security and nutritional health are obviously not
limited to the developing world; there is also a widespread prevalence of
food insecurity in high-income countries

26. FUTURE RECOMMENDATION
Key elements that need to be in place include:
• Mechanisms to reach large numbers of farmers,
• Information services that use mobile phones, radio, and
other mass media;
• Well-organized and broadly based farmer groups;
• Policies that support secure land tenure;
• Citizen/farmer participation in science; and
• Government action to integrate climate considerations in all
agricultural investment plans.

27. Conclusion
• Climate-smart agriculture is a sort of concept originally put
forth in UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Up until
now it’s been a bit vague, a general idea about adjusting all
forms of agriculture (“farms, crops, livestock, aquaculture,
and capture fisheries”) to better adapt to a changing climate.
• It isn’t a set of guidelines, or even recommendations, really;
it’s more of a philosophy that various global organizations are
attempting to push.
• In order to be realistic it need to incorporate a more integrated
approach including majority of stakeholder.
• It should try to include not only few developing countries but
also developed country and least developed country.
• This approach will be able to mitigate the effect of
climate change on agriculture and will make this sector
sustainable.