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DDeepprreessssiioonnss!! 
((CCyycclloonneess))
DDeepprreessssiioonnss –– CCyycclloonneess -- LLoowwss 
 DDeepprreessssiioonnss oovveerr tthhee BBrriittiisshh IIsslleess ooccccuurr 
ffrreeqquueennttllyy,, ggiivveenn tthhee llooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee PPoollaarr 
FFrroonntt JJeett SSttrreeaamm aanndd mmeeeettiinngg ppooiinntt ooff 
ddiiffffeerreenntt aaiirr mmaasssseess.. 
 DDeepprreessssiioonnss ggiivvee rriissee ttoo uunnsseettttlleedd,, wweett aanndd 
wwiinnddyy wweeaatthheerr.. 
 TThheeyy tteenndd ttoo bbee sshhoorrtt lliivveedd ffeeaattuurreess,, 
mmoovveedd oovveerr tthhee UUKK bbyy wwiinndd wwiitthhiinn aa ffeeww 
hhoouurrss.. HHoowweevveerr,, tthheeyy mmaayy ttrraavveell iinn 
‘‘ffaammiilliieess’’ wwhhiicchh ggiivveess rriissee ttoo aa lloonnggeerr 
ppeerriioodd ooff uunnsseettttlleedd wweeaatthheerr..
Depressions aarree cchhaarraacctteerriisseedd bbyy:: 
 LLooww pprreessssuurree rreeaaddiinngg iinn tthhee mmiiddddllee.. 
 CClloossee iissoobbaarrss == ssttrroonngg wwiinndd.. 
 AAiirr mmoovviinngg ttoowwaarrdd tthhee cceennttrree ooff tthhee llooww.. 
 AAiirr ssppiinnss aannttiicclloocckkwwiissee aarroouunndd tthhee llooww.. 
 TThheeyy nnoorrmmaall ttrraavveell WW -->> EE oovveerr tthhee UUKK,, 
dduuee ttoo tthhee pprreevvaaiilliinngg wwiinndd ddiirreeccttiioonn.. 
 LLooww pprreessssuurree ssyysstteemmss ffoorrmm ccoommmmoonnllyy 
oovveerr IIcceellaanndd –– ‘‘IIcceellaannddiicc LLooww’’..
FFrroonnttaall RRaaiinnffaallll CClliipp 
SSuurrffaaccee PPrreessssuurree CChhaarrtt
These diagrams show the 
wind moving in towards 
the low pressure centre. 
Notice the air then lifts, 
creating cloud and rain.
Polar Front 
Warm wind 
Cold wind 
Warm air from 
the south 
meets the 
colder air from 
the North 
Early Stage
Warm wind 
Cold wind 
Warm air rises 
over the cold air 
– creating the 
warm front 
Open Stage 
The cold air 
undercuts the 
warm air, creating 
a steeper cold 
front.
Warm wind 
Cold wind 
The cold front 
travels faster, 
eventually catching 
up the warm front – 
forming an 
occlusion. 
Occlusion – the cold 
front over rides the 
warm front. 
Occluded Stage
Cold wind 
Dissolved Stage 
The occlusion 
is fully closed 
– therefore 
dissolved.
Depressions
Occluded fronts 
Occluded fronts aarree pprroodduucceedd wwhheenn aa ffaasstt 
mmoovviinngg ccoolldd ffrroonntt ccaattcchheess aanndd oovveerrttaakkeess aa 
sslloowweerr mmoovviinngg wwaarrmm ffrroonntt
WWeeaatthheerr ffoorreeccaassttiinngg 
 Below is an example of a weather mmaapp sshhoowwiinngg aa wwaarrmm 
aanndd aa ccoolldd ffrroonntt ffoorr tthhee BBrriittiisshh IIsslleess.. 
1. 9am 
2. 11am (warm 
front 
overhead) 
3. 3pm (cold 
front 
overhead) 
Describe what the weather will be like in East 
Anglia as the warm front and cold front pass 
overhead
FFoorreeccaasstt
DEPRESSIONS

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DEPRESSIONS

  • 2. DDeepprreessssiioonnss –– CCyycclloonneess -- LLoowwss  DDeepprreessssiioonnss oovveerr tthhee BBrriittiisshh IIsslleess ooccccuurr ffrreeqquueennttllyy,, ggiivveenn tthhee llooccaattiioonn ooff tthhee PPoollaarr FFrroonntt JJeett SSttrreeaamm aanndd mmeeeettiinngg ppooiinntt ooff ddiiffffeerreenntt aaiirr mmaasssseess..  DDeepprreessssiioonnss ggiivvee rriissee ttoo uunnsseettttlleedd,, wweett aanndd wwiinnddyy wweeaatthheerr..  TThheeyy tteenndd ttoo bbee sshhoorrtt lliivveedd ffeeaattuurreess,, mmoovveedd oovveerr tthhee UUKK bbyy wwiinndd wwiitthhiinn aa ffeeww hhoouurrss.. HHoowweevveerr,, tthheeyy mmaayy ttrraavveell iinn ‘‘ffaammiilliieess’’ wwhhiicchh ggiivveess rriissee ttoo aa lloonnggeerr ppeerriioodd ooff uunnsseettttlleedd wweeaatthheerr..
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Depressions aarree cchhaarraacctteerriisseedd bbyy::  LLooww pprreessssuurree rreeaaddiinngg iinn tthhee mmiiddddllee..  CClloossee iissoobbaarrss == ssttrroonngg wwiinndd..  AAiirr mmoovviinngg ttoowwaarrdd tthhee cceennttrree ooff tthhee llooww..  AAiirr ssppiinnss aannttiicclloocckkwwiissee aarroouunndd tthhee llooww..  TThheeyy nnoorrmmaall ttrraavveell WW -->> EE oovveerr tthhee UUKK,, dduuee ttoo tthhee pprreevvaaiilliinngg wwiinndd ddiirreeccttiioonn..  LLooww pprreessssuurree ssyysstteemmss ffoorrmm ccoommmmoonnllyy oovveerr IIcceellaanndd –– ‘‘IIcceellaannddiicc LLooww’’..
  • 6. FFrroonnttaall RRaaiinnffaallll CClliipp SSuurrffaaccee PPrreessssuurree CChhaarrtt
  • 7. These diagrams show the wind moving in towards the low pressure centre. Notice the air then lifts, creating cloud and rain.
  • 8. Polar Front Warm wind Cold wind Warm air from the south meets the colder air from the North Early Stage
  • 9. Warm wind Cold wind Warm air rises over the cold air – creating the warm front Open Stage The cold air undercuts the warm air, creating a steeper cold front.
  • 10. Warm wind Cold wind The cold front travels faster, eventually catching up the warm front – forming an occlusion. Occlusion – the cold front over rides the warm front. Occluded Stage
  • 11. Cold wind Dissolved Stage The occlusion is fully closed – therefore dissolved.
  • 13. Occluded fronts Occluded fronts aarree pprroodduucceedd wwhheenn aa ffaasstt mmoovviinngg ccoolldd ffrroonntt ccaattcchheess aanndd oovveerrttaakkeess aa sslloowweerr mmoovviinngg wwaarrmm ffrroonntt
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. WWeeaatthheerr ffoorreeccaassttiinngg  Below is an example of a weather mmaapp sshhoowwiinngg aa wwaarrmm aanndd aa ccoolldd ffrroonntt ffoorr tthhee BBrriittiisshh IIsslleess.. 1. 9am 2. 11am (warm front overhead) 3. 3pm (cold front overhead) Describe what the weather will be like in East Anglia as the warm front and cold front pass overhead