4. Solar Electromagnetic Spectrum The solar electromagnetic spectrum includes visible light, as well as X-rays, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays.

16. B. Atmosphere 2. Atmosphere and Solar Energy

18. C. Temperature and Heat

23. Isotherms on Synoptic Weather Map Why do the isotherms seem to run E – W across the map?

28. A surface which is smooth will reflect more than it will absorb

34. Use your review book – page 118 and the ESRT to complete your worksheet

55. Dry-bulb temperature is your air temperature. 20 °C

56. 14 °C

57. 4 °C

58. Subtract (the difference) between the dry bulb and wet bulb

59. 14 °C 20 °C 20-14=6

60. 16 °C 18 °C 18-16=2

61. 8 °C 20 °C 20-8=12 Put it all together Relative Humidity = 11%

62. 10 °C 14 °C 14-10=4 Relative Humidity = 60%

63. 10 °C 14 °C 14-10=4 Dew Point = 6°C The Dew Point Chart works the same way

64. Try These. 57% 17 °C 86% 4 °C 57% 4 °C Now do the worksheet for homework on the next page of your notes 8 °C 12 °C 5 °C 6 °C 20 °C 26°C DPT R Humidity Wet Bulb Dry Bulb

66. Clouds How Do Clouds Form?

69. Components of Weather E. Air Pressure What is pressure? The weight of a column of air – this creates air pressure HIGH LOW High pressure is cold air sinking (More Dense) Low pressure is warm air rising (Less dense)

70. E. Air pressure

78. Your map should look like this!

79. High and Low Pressure

80. Components of Weather High Pressure System: Anticyclone

82. Components of Weather Low Pressure System: Depression or Cyclone

85. How is Wind Formed? Sun heats ground Ground heats air Air rises and cools in the atmosphere As air cools it can no longer rise Cold air sinks WIND moves between high and low pressure LOW HIGH

87. Sea Breeze/Land Breeze

88. B. Wind Direction and Speed Winds are named for the direction that they come FROM

91. Westerly Wind

92. North Westerly Wind

93. Now You Try It 15kts 45kts 25kts 20kts 30kts 40kts 35kts

97. Map View

98. Profile View Buffalo Boston Buffalo Chicago

101. Components of Weather F. Air Masses What is an Air Mass? An air mass is a large body of air in the troposphere moving in a particular direction, with the same temperature , pressure and humidity throughout.

102. Components of Weather Air Masses Affecting the U.S.

106. Warm Front Cold Front Occluded Front Stationary Front: Warm and Cold air meet head on and neither gives way. Low pressure usually “track” along a stationary front bringing heavy, steady precipitation Thunderstorms, lightning, tornadoes Brings intense change – brief periods of stormy weather (severe) Covers wide area Wind changes “ bullies” the warm air UP quickly Lots of Clouds as air rises up precipitation Air is dense and hugs the ground Showers for long period Cold air meets warm air and mixes Cold Air –moves fast Warm air

107. The Stages of Front Formation

108. Station Models IT’S in the ESRT!

109. Weather Map Symbols IT’S in the ESRT!

112. Extreme Weather