Global warming is a gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The average global temperature has risen 0.4-0.8°C over the past 100 years and is predicted to increase 1.4-5.8°C by 2100. Increased greenhouse gases trap more heat in the lower atmosphere, altering the climate and leading to effects like more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and disrupted food supplies. Recommended measures to control the problem include government pollution limits, transitioning to renewable energy, reducing fossil fuel use, expanding forestation, and promoting conservation.

1. Global Warming
&
Climate Change
Presented by: Rabeendra Basnet

3. Global Warming
• Gradual increase in the average temperature
of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans.
• The average temperature of the Earth has
risen between 0.4 and 0.8 °C over the past
100 years.
• Global warming research have recently
predicted that average global temperatures
could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the
year 2100.

4. Greenhouse Effect

5. Causes of Global Warming
• Burning fossils fuels
– (Coal/Crude oil)
• Power plants
– (Generate Electricity)
• Transportation
– (Eg: LPG, Kerosene, fuel oil)
• Industrial Processes
– (Eg manufacture of cement, steel, aluminum,
waste management )

6. Climate Change
• Climate System is governed by numerous interaction
between closed loop system, Modification of one aspect of
these systems, such as carbon dioxide can influence the
overall climate system and lead the change.
• Weather refers to the changes taking place in
• the atmosphere at present at present over short periods of
time – science of meteorology
• Climate defines the tendency of the weather over long
period of time- the science of climatology

7. • Increase in Greenhouse gasses by:
– By human activities (China 28 %, US 16% of all CO2 emissions).
Leads to seriousness of global warming : Temperature differences (since 1979)-
Warming Troposphere , Cooling Stratosphere
Global Temperature 1.4°F since 1880
– Warming (1-3 0C ) part North America, Eurasia
– Cooling part (1-3 0C ) part South-eastern part of US and others)
• Carbon Dioxide 403.19 parts per million, highest level in 650,000
years
• Nine of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2000
• Arctic Ice Minimum 13.4 percent per decade
• In 2012, Arctic summer sea ice shrank to the lowest extent on record
• Land Ice 287.0 billion metric tons per year
• Greenland ice loss doubled between 1996 and 2005
• Global average sea level has risen nearly 7" (178 mm) over the past
100 years
Sea Level 3.42 mm per year

9. Effects of Climate Change
• Direct Temperature effect
– Increase in average temperature
– More extreme heat waves during the summer; less
extreme cold spells during the winter
– Harmful to those heart problems, asthma, the elderly,
the very young and homeless
• Extreme Events
– Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts
Global warming increases in the frequency of extreme
events which eventually related to deaths, injury, and
stress related disorders

10. Effects of Climate Change
• Climate Sensitive Disease
– Increase the risk of some infectious disease (such
as : Cholera, Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever,
encephalitis etc)
• Air Quality
– An increase in the concentration of ground level
ozone
– Damage lung tissue
– Harmful for those asthma and other Chronic
disease

11. Effects of Climate Change
• Food Supply
– Rising temperatures and variable precipitation
– Decrease the production of staple foods in many
of the poorest regions
– Increase the risks of malnutrition
• Population displacement
– Rising sea levels
– Increase the risk of coastal flooding
(More than half of world’s population lives
within 60km of the sea

12. Effects of Climate Change
• UV Exposure
–Skin cancer (an abnormal growth of skin
tissues)
–Premature aging (make the skin thick,
wrinkled and leathery)
–Eye damages (cataracts, degeneration of
yellow spot, skin cancer around eyes etc)
–Suppression if Immunity (Over exposure of
UV radiation and UV-B radiation suppresses
and weakens body immunity system)

13. Measures of Controlling the problem
• Government laws to limit the production of
pollutants
• Develop skills of using renewable fuels (eg
solar and wind energy)
• Discourage and replace the use of fossil fuel
• Carry out energy saving scheme
• Build more plans (reduce the pollutants CO2)
• Reduce , Reuse and recycle culture
• Plantation, forestation.

14. Referring sources
• http://www.livescience.com/topics/glob
al-warming/
• https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-
warming-101
• http://www.slideshare.net/
• http://climate.nasa.gov/

15. Thank You!