![ Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Experienced a number of crop failures in the last 15 years
Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers [northwards] over the last
50 years
Apple growers, says attributed poor production to reduced
snowfall and its changed timing.
Shift in Agriculture
Apple cultivation is affected in Kullu Valley
Apple belt has moved 30 KM nothwards
Forest resources were removed
Impact on Agriculture Effect on apple
cultivation
35](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jaganglobalwarming-130918210709-phpapp01/85/Jagan-global-warming-35-320.jpg)
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Jagan global warming
- 1. Global Warming &Climate Change By: Jagan s shettar 2nd SEM M’tech URP IDS Natural Cycle of Tree.......... It is easy to cut a tree & to grow is very difficult........ What do you want? 1
- 2. Discussion on Whatis global warming? Causes for global warming Greenhouse Effect Earth’s Atmospheric Gases Effect of global warming •Possible Solutions to Global Warming •Global Warming Myths •Conclusion • What climate is & what climate- change means • Impacts of Climate Change • Some of example climate change and global warming 2
- 3. Introduction Global warmingis defined as the overall warming of the planet, based on average temperature over the entire surface. Modern technology is based up on a number of manufacturing units exploiting the natural resources. Due to rapid industrialization and fast population growth we are suffering from an unwanted danger of environment problem. Science has given us atomic energy, comfortable communication systems etc.. for the betterment of the society but at the same time the life has become uncomfortable and tense full due to the presence of same devices. The pollution is accompanied by the gradual rise in global atmospheric temperature, which is known as global warming. This study deals with Global warming effects and Climate change 3
- 4. Global warmingis the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century, and its projected continuation. Global warming is the warming of the earth through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into the atmosphere from tailpipes and smokestacks. Then the gases trap heat like the glass in a greenhouse What is global warming? 4
- 5.
- 6.
- 7. Absorption is morethan radiation Sun 7
- 8. Radiation is morethan absorption Sun Radioactive Cooling 8
- 9. How Global WarmingWorks Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 9
- 10.
- 11. Greenhouse gases Carbondioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 11
- 12. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen(N2) Oxygen (O2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) >99% Methane (CH4) <1% Non- Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases Argon (Ar) Water vapor (H2O) 12
- 13. Indicators that showsincrease in global warming 13
- 14. Causes for globalwarming Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. Natural Causes Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane Stored in Water and Ice and from Arctic seabed‘s Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years. Man-made Causes Carbon Dioxide From power Plants Pollution Emitted from Cars Pollution from Trucks Pollution from Aeroplanes Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice paddies, Increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands Population growth Use of CFC’s 14
- 15. Human activities contributefor Global warming 13% 14% 24% 49% Agricultural Deforestation Industrial Energy use 15
- 16. Fossil fuel usageand emission of co2 from different country 16
- 17. “Hockey Stick” Controversy 10001200 1400 1600 1800 2000 -0.8 Year -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 TemperatureChange(C) Direct temperature measurements Mann et al. 1999 17
- 18.
- 19. Effect of globalwarming Rise in sea levels worldwide Scientists predict an increase in sea levels worldwide due to the melting of two massive ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, especially on the East coast of the U.S More killer storms Scientists have come up with the firmest evidence so far that global warming will significantly increase the intensity of the most extreme storms worldwide Massive crop failures According to recent research, there is a 90% chance that 3 billion people worldwide will have to choose between moving their families to milder climes and going hungry due to climate change within 100 years. Widespread extinction of species According to research published in Nature, by 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of more than a million species. Disappearance of coral reefs A report on coral reefs from WWF says that in a worst case scenario, coral populations will collapse by 2100 due to increased temperatures and ocean acidification. 19
- 20. Effects on weather Changes have been observed in the amount, intensity, frequency, and type of precipitation. Glacier retreat and disappearance mountain glaciers and snow cover had decreased in both the northern and southern hemispheres. This widespread decrease in glaciers and ice caps had contributed to observed sea level rise. Acidification Oxygen depletion The amount of oxygen dissolved in the oceans may decline, with adverse consequences for ocean life Sea level rise There is strong evidence that global sea level rose gradually over the 20th century About one-third of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activity has already been taken up by the oceans. As carbon dioxide dissolves in sea water, carbonic acid is formed 20
- 21. What’s the differencebetween “global warming” and “climate change”? GLOBAL WARMING Is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. CLIMATE CHANGE Is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation. 21
- 22. What climate is& what climate-change means Climate is the pattern of weather, meaning averages, extremes, timing, spatial distribution of… hot & cold cloudy & clear humid & dry drizzles & downpours snowfall, snowpack, & snowmelt zephyrs, blizzards, tornadoes, & typhoons When climate changes, the patterns change. Global average temperature is just an index of the state of the global climate as expressed in these patterns. Small changes in the index big changes in the patterns. 22
- 23. Climate change Climatechange is now becoming one of the major global environmental challenges About 80% of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are related to the production and use of energy- and particularly the burning of fossil fuels. The bulk of the remaining 20% is associated with agriculture and changes in land use. There is an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface, leading to wide spread impacts ranging from change in rainfall patterns to extinction of certain species. 23
- 24. Temperature History ofthe Earth Little ice age (1400-1840) – 1°C cooler Medieval warm period (800-1300) – 1°C warmer than today Cool/warm cycles occur ~1,500 years Affect mostly Northeastern U.S. and North Atlantic Mostly due to changes in thermohaline circulation Dramatic shutdown of thermohaline circulation occurred 8,200 years ago as a large lake in Canada flooded the North Atlantic 24
- 25. Main Ocean Currents Adaptedfrom IPCC SYR Figure 4-2 25
- 26. Impacts of ClimateChange Forests Biodiversity Agriculture Coastlines Impact of rise in temperature of 1.8oC to 4oC 26
- 27. Climate Change Impactin India Rajasthan- Drought Rann of Kutch – sea level rise Mumbai-Salt water intrusion Kerala –Productivity of Forest Tamil Nadu-Coral bleaching Ganges – Sedimentation problem Sunder bans-Sea level raise Northwest India-reduction In rice yield 27
- 28. What climate changeputs at risk Climate governs … availability of water productivity of farms, forests, & fisheries prevalence of oppressive heat & humidity geography of disease damages from storms, floods, droughts, wildfires property losses from sea-level rise expenditures on engineered environments distribution & abundance of species 28
- 29. Indicates for climatechange There’s a consistent 50-year upward trend in every region except Oceania.29
- 30. Harm is alreadyoccurring 30
- 31. Harm is alreadyoccurring WHO estimates climate change already causing ≥150,000 premature deaths/yr in 2000 31
- 32. Some of exampleclimate change and global warming Ice Sheets Melting? GRACE (gravity measured by satellite) found melting of Antarctica equivalent to sea level rise of 0.4 mm/year (2 in/century) Zwally, 2005 (satellite radar altimetry) confirmed Antarctica melting Greenland ice melting on exterior, accumulating inland (higher precipitation) 32
- 33. Melting Glaciers –Mt. Kilimanjaro 33
- 34. Drought in Africa LakeFaguibine Lake Chad 34
- 35. Kullu Valley,Himachal Pradesh Experienced a number of crop failures in the last 15 years Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers [northwards] over the last 50 years Apple growers, says attributed poor production to reduced snowfall and its changed timing. Shift in Agriculture Apple cultivation is affected in Kullu Valley Apple belt has moved 30 KM nothwards Forest resources were removed Impact on Agriculture Effect on apple cultivation 35
- 36. Source: Journal ofEcological Anthropology Vol. 10 2006 36
- 37. Ganga under threatfrom warming Himalayan source of the Ganga is drying up at a rate of 40 yards a year, nearly twice as fast as two decades ago, and that some of these glaciers might disappear by 2030. In the dry summer months, the Gangotri glacier provides up to 70 percent of the water of the Ganga. According to a UN climate report, the shrinking glaciers also threaten Asia’s supply of fresh water. Source: New Indian Express37
- 38. Source: New IndianExpress38
- 39. Potential Worldwide Precipitation Changes -50-20 -10 -5 5 10 20 50 39
- 40.
- 41. Possible Solutions toGlobal Warming 41
- 42. Mitigation of GlobalWarming Conservation Reduce energy needs Recycling Alternate energy sources Nuclear Wind Geothermal Hydroelectric Solar Fusion? 42
- 43. Storage of CO2in Geological Formations 1. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs 2. CO2 in enhanced oil and gas recovery 3. Deep saline formations – (a) offshore (b) onshore 4. CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery Adapted from IPCC SRCCS Figure TS-7 3a 2 3b 1 4 43
- 44. What’s being donenow to reduce our emissions? Solar PowerWind Power Fuel-Efficiency44
- 45. 2007 Goal: Reductions in CO2 PerYear BillionsofMetricTonsCarbon 45
- 46. 2007 Reductions in CO2 Per Year GigatonCarbon Produceelectricity efficiently Use electricity efficiently Vehicle efficiency Solar and Wind Power Biofuels Carbon capture and storage BillionsofMetricTonsCarbon Our Goal 46
- 47. We can stopglobal warming! What can you do to help solve the problem? 47
- 48. Simple Things ToDo Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs. 48
- 49. Simple Things ToDo Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle. 49
- 50.
- 51. Volcanoes Put OutMore CO2 Than Fossil Fuel Burning 0 2 4 6 8 10 Carbon(109metrictons) Fossil FuelVolcanoes51
- 52. Global Warming HasStopped? -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year MeanTemperature(°C) 1365.2 1365.4 1365.6 1365.8 1366.0 1366.2 1366.4 1366.6 1366.8 SolarIrradiance(W/m2) 2010 52
- 53. Conclusion Global warmingis affecting plants, animals, humans and the earth. We need to learn how to conserve our use of fossil fuels to minimize carbon dioxide production. This will slow down the effects of global warming. Global warming is happening Most warming is probably the result of human activities There will be positive and negative (mostly) repercussions from global warming The costs to mitigate global warming will be high 53
- 54. Conclusion Global warmingis the product of green house effect. This global warming is predicted to lead a variety of negative effects, to reduce this we need to develops steps for the prevention such as organizing self awareness programmers, planning exhibitions in different parts of the countries to create awareness on global warming. Apart from the plans to slow down the global warming, adaptation schemes must move forward fast. Constructing flood defenses, banning buildings close to sea areas are some of the measures we can adapt Man proposes God disposes. 54
- 55. Reference http://www.defenders.org http://search-ebooks.eu/g/global-warming-doc http://quemark.com/what-is-global-warming.html Planetsave (http://s.tt/12tkS) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming http://climate.nasa.gov/effects http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming http://www.bigmelt.com/introduction-to-global-warming. http://www.definitionofglobalwarming.com/ http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2010/finalwebsite/background/globalwarming/definition http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/definition-for-global-warming.html http://in.news.yahoo.com/photos/tornado-cuts-thro-from-mid-west-to-gulf-of-mexico-slideshow/wrecked- car-seen-amid-debris-following-tornado-where-photo-011308454.html www.OceansArt.us http://www.indiaclimateportal.org/fast-facts http://www.thehcf.org/emaila6.html http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-global-warming-full-report#ixzz1o7r5JJve http://www.thehcf.org/emaila4.html http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com Bibliography Book Tuffen, H. 2010. How will melting of ice affect volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century? Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society By: George Christodoulou book on Causes Of Global Warming Report on Geoengineering the climate: science, governance and uncertainty, September 2009. Chaired by Professor John Shepherd FRS. Provides a detailed assessment of the various methods of geoengineering, and considers the potential efficiency and unintended consequences they may pose. 55
- 56.
Editor's Notes
- #5 4
- #6 The temperature of the earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun. Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds. Other is reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the earth.
- #7 If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains at a constant temperature.
- #8 However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up.
- #9 If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated, then the earth cools down.
- #11 To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse. Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it.
- #13 Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon make up >99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases and are non-greenhouse gases. Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane make up <1% of the earth’s atmosphere, but are greenhouse gases, since they cause the earth to retain heat.
- #14 Air temperature, Humidity, Ocean heat content, Sea level, Sea surface temperature, Temp over oceans, temp Over land are increasing since 1900, this also shows the industrial revolution time where all nation where in search of economic development stared industries.
- #15 Methane is another extremely potent greenhouse gas, ranking right behind CO2. When organic matter is broken down by bacteria under oxygen-starved conditions (anaerobic decomposition) as in rice paddies, methane is producedThe high rate of application of nitrogen-rich fertilizers has effects on the heat storage of cropland (nitrogen oxides have 300 times more heat-trapping capacity per unit of volume than carbon dioxide)In physical geography, tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
- #20 Source: Planetsave (http://s.tt/12tkS)