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Climate
- 1. SLO ● Differentiate weather and climate. ● Define: Humidity, temperature, rainfall, pressure, wind, and typhoons. ● Relate how these climatic elements affect the geography of a certain place as well as the development of it. ● Understand the climate change and the atmospheric phenomenon and its effect to human development. ● Compare and contrast the different climate in the world.
- 2. CLIMATE
- 3. Introduction... ★ Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather is the state of the atmosphere over short periods of time. Weather can change from hour to hour, day to day, month to month or even year to year. A region’s weather patterns, tracked for more than 30 years, are considered its climate. ★ The climate of a place may be defined as a "composite" of the long-term prevailing weather that occurs at that location. In a sense, climate is "average weather". ★ We can study climate on a range of geographical scales.
- 4. Weather and Climatic Elements
- 5. What is Weather? ★ Weather is the day-to-day conditions of a particular place. ★ Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. ★ Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. ★ These pressure and temperature differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. ★ Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating.
- 6. ★ On Earth, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (100 °F to −40 °F) annually. ★ The coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), at Vostok Station, Antarctica on 21 July 1983. ★ The hottest air temperature ever recorded was 57.7 °C (135.9 °F) at 'Aziziya, Libya, on 13 September 1922. ★ However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. ★ A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. ★ The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.
- 8. What is Climate? ★ Climate is the average weather in a place over many years or the average weather, usually over a 30-year interval. ★ It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation etc. ★ It takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change. ★ Climate is different from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions. ★ The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents.
- 9. Elements of Weather and Climate There are several elements that make up the weather and climate of a place. There are five major elements: ★ Temperature ★ Pressure ★ Wind ★ Humidity ★ Precipitation Analysis of these elements can provide the basis for forecasting weather and defining its climate. These same elements make also the basis of climatology study, of course, within a longer time scale rather than it does in meteorology.
- 13. What is Humidity? ★ Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. If there is a lot of water vapor in the air, the humidity will be high. The higher the humidity, the wetter it feels outside.
- 14. What is Humidity? ★ On the weather reports, humidity is usually explained as relative humidity. Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor actually in the air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at the same temperature. ★ High humidity is also associated with hurricanes. Air with high moisture content is necessary for a hurricane to develop. U.S. states such as Texas and Louisiana, which border the very warm Gulf of Mexico, have humid climates. This results in tons of rainfall, lots of flooding and the occasional hurricane.
- 15. What is Precipitation(rainfall)? ★ Precipitation - rain, snow, sleet and hail - is associated with areas of rising air and low pressure. When air rises it cools, and the moisture it contains condenses out as clouds, which eventually produce precipitation. In regions of high pressure, air is descending, the atmosphere is stable, the skies are usually clear, and precipitation is rare. ★ Precipitation is the product of a rapid condensation process (if this process is slow, it only causes cloudy skies). It may include snow, hail, sleet, drizzle, fog, mist and rain.
- 23. Review... 1. What is temperature? 2. What is humidity? 3. What is precipitation? 4. What is air pressure?
- 24. Review... 1. What causes wind? Wind is caused by air moving from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.
- 25. Typhoons
- 26. What Is A Typhoon? ★ A Typhoon is an intense area of low atmospheric pressure. ★ The more intense the area of low pressure the higher the wind speeds near the center. ★ A Typhoon is a low pressure weather system with sustained wind speeds near its center of at least 56 knots (about 105 kph).
- 27. What Makes A Typhoon? ★ Typhoons are made over the ocean; typhoons are not made over land. ★ To make a Typhoon you need a lot of warm, moist air evaporating off the ocean surface and rising rapidly, creating the area of relatively low pressure - a weather system. ★ The rapid rising of the air mass and the subsequent condensation of the moisture at altitude, combined with the rotation of the Earth, are the necessary energy components to facilitate rotation of the weather system; a Tropical Depression (TD) is formed. ★ When the upper atmospheric conditions are conducive then the rotation is accelerated and the weather feature forms into a Tropical Storm (TS).
- 28. ★ When a Typhoon crosses a land mass it will lose power because: ○ (a) the air mass will be forced higher and start to cool; and, ○ (b) it will no longer have access to its fuel – warm, moist air rising off the ocean. ★ A Typhoon crossing the high mountains of northern Luzon, for example, may lose as much as 50% of its power during the short, one hundred mile transit.
- 29. Typhoon, Cyclone & Hurricane
- 31. Typhoon Measurement, Strength & Scaling In the 21st century Typhoons are measured using the Saffir-Simpson scale, which has five Categories. Category 1 refers to a storm (Typhoon/Hurricane/Cyclone) with sustained wind speeds of between 119 and 153 Km/h. By contrast, a Category 5 storm has sustained wind speeds in excess of 252 Km/h.
- 34. Climate and Economic Development
- 35. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ● Economic development goes along with a temperate climate ● Inhabitants of tropical countries experience greater health challenges. ● Work motivation ● Affects Agriculture ● Health and Nutrition The diversity of infectious diseases of humans is higher in countries near the equator than in countries at higher latitude (Guernier et al. 2004).
- 36. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ● Affects the price of goods in the market. ● Affects food production ● CLIMATE CHANGE
- 37. Thank you for listening… TOGETHER LET’S HELP SAVE OUR MOTHER EARTH. FOR WE ONLY HAVE ONE. LET’S BE RESPONSIBLE AND BE THE CHANGE.
Editor's Notes
- What do you know about climate? Can you define what climate is? What can you say about our weather for today? Can you relate your mood to our climate today?
- What can you say about our weather for today? Can you relate your mood to our weather today?
- Now, can you state the difference of weather and climate?? Which do you prefer, weather or climate?
- Everything must has it’s basis. Like why we have these elements. We can’t just say what the weather is so as the climate. Everything that is stated must have proof, (like hugot: diba kapag sinabihan ka ng “ I love you” I ka nmn agad maniniwala basta basta, ib amagtatanong ka or hihingi ka ng evidence hahah) ganyan din yan sa weather and climate. XD
- Have you ever visited a place that just made you feel hot and sticky the entire time, no matter what you did to cool off? You can thank humidity for that unpleasant feeling. When humidity is high, the air is so clogged with water vapor that there isn’t room for much else. If you sweat when it’s humid, it can be hard to cool off because your sweat can’t evaporate into the air like it needs to.
- Humidity is blamed for all kinds of negative things, including mold in your house (usually the bathroom, where its wet a lot of the time), as well as malfunctions in regular household electronics. Moisture from humid air settles, or condenses, on electronics. This can interrupt the electric current, causing a loss of power. Computers and television sets can lose power like this if not protected from the effects of humidity. Living with humidity is easier with the aid of a dehumidifier, which sucks moisture out of the air.
- Can you define what a typhoon is? Can you describe what a typhoon is today? (like what we are experiencing now.
- Like all low pressure weather systems observed North of the Equator, the air rotates around the center of an area of low pressure in an anti-clockwise direction (clockwise if South of the Equator).
- To make a Typhoon you need a lot of warm, moist air evaporating off the ocean surface and rising rapidly, creating the area of relatively low pressure - a weather system. Assuming the Tropical Storm remains over an area of warm ocean - with a sea surface temperature above 26 degrees Celsius - then the weather system will most likely continue to increase in rotation speed until it reaches the status of a typhoon – sustained wind speeds in excess of 56 knots near its center. If the sea surface temperature is less than 26 degrees Celsius then a typhoon has insufficient energy and cannot sustain itself; if the sea surface temperature is greater than 32 degrees Celsius then the weather system may become overpowered and may dissipate, but this does not always happen.
- Is typhoon, cyclone, and hurricane similar? Who say’s yes? No?
- Now, do you know it's difference, and similarities? When do we say it’s a typhoon? When o we say it’s a hurricane? How about cyclone? A “typhoon” is the term used to describe the same weather feature as a “cyclone” or a “hurricane”: the term Typhoon is used for intense low pressure weather systems in the northwest Pacific; the term Cyclone is used when referring to an intense low pressure weather system over the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific; and, the term Hurricane is used when referring to an intense low pressure weather system over the Atlantic Ocean and East Pacific. Of interest, only one Hurricane has ever been recorded over the South Atlantic (March 2004), although weather systems that developed in the South Atlantic during March 2010 and March 2011 were classified as tropical cyclones for a few days each before dissipating. Some suggest that the fact that these weather systems have been recorded only within this century is additional evidence of Man-induced climate change - no credible alternative explanation has been accepted.
- Can you cite things or situation that climate affect the econ. Dev’t?
- 1. This includes biting insects such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies that carry incapacitating illnesses, such as malaria and sleeping sickness 2. Being healthy and well fed are essential if one expects people to put out a lot of work effort. 3. Work motivation - Work motivation is also affected by psychological changes in developing countries. As standards of living improve, workers become more future-oriented and set their sights on a better future 4. AGRICULTURE - Most explanations of the geographical limitations of agriculture in the tropics focus on problematic soils in humid tropics, and rainfall variability and limited irrigation potential in the arid tropics. The lack of freezing temperatures in the tropics causes a much greater number of agricultural pests 5. Health and Nutrition - Human tropical diseases such as malaria reduce agricultural labor productivity. Additional factors explaining lower agricultural potential in the tropics are pest and disease loads, and net photosynthetic potential differences. - As temperature and humidity increase, malaria transmission can increase from zero to epidemic rates (Lafferty (2009)
- CLIMATE CHANGE - formation of natural phenomena ( typhoons, etc.) Spread of vector-diseases With Man-induced climate change now apparently unstoppable, the associated increase in sea surface temperature is also creating stronger storms, more frequently. On 6th November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan (Philippine name Yolanda) made the record books as the strongest storm ever to make landfall anywhere around the planet, as it smashed into the town of Guiuan, on the southeast corner of Samar, Philippines, with wind gusts in excess of 200 knots (370 kph) . . . it also generated a storm surge of (estimated) 7 metres high. Question: What other results can be caused by CLIMATE CHANGE? What alternatives/ solution can you think of.