Weather & Climate

1. Weather & Climate
What effects do the oceans and
mountains have on weather and
climate?

2. Earth’s Atmosphere
• Layer of gas that
surrounds Earth is called
the atmosphere. Consists
of Nitrogen & Oxygen
Water Vapor, carbon
dioxide, and traces of other
gases
• Troposphere- layer of
gases closest to the
Earth’s surface.

3. Weather vs. Climate
• Weather: the condition of
the troposphere at a
particular time and place.
• Ex. Yesterday’s weather in
Nashville, TN was rainy,
cold, with temperatures
in the 30’s
• The weather pattern
any area tends to
follow.
• Climate: the average
weather of a place.
• Ex. Tennessee has a
mild climate with
warm summers and
cool winters.
Mostly cloudy and
chilly. Some showers
are possible in SE
Middle TN after
midnight -- a mix of
rain and snow most
likely.
LOWS: Nashville-30,
Winchester-34,
Clarksville-27

4. Make a Prediction
Compare monthly temperatures of Nashville to those of San Francisco. Both cities are located at
similar latitudes, but San Francisco is located near an ocean.
Make a prediction about how distance from an ocean affects the temperature of a city.

5. Oceans Affect on Temperature
• Moderate- Average, Not extreme or excessive
• Oceans moderate temperatures worldwide
throughout the year.
• The climate of a place near the ocean is
usually milder than a place inland.
• The temperature of the land increases faster
than the temperature of the water.

6. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFJFKbfC
oCI

7. Sea Breeze- Day
• If you visit a beach during the day, you might
feel the wind blowing from the ocean onto the
land. This movement of air from the water to
the land is a sea breeze.
• Page
235

8. Land Breeze-Night
• If you are at the beach in the evening, you
might feel the wind blowing from the land
toward the ocean. This movement of air from
the land to the water is called a land breeze.

9. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQV72Yz
mjyc

10. How do ocean currents affect climate?
• Current- constant movement of ocean water.
• These currents may carry warm or cold water which affects
the climate of the land nearby.
• Land areas near cool currents often have cool temperatures.
Ex. California
• Land areas near warm currents often have warmer
temperatures.
– Ex. Gulf Stream

11. Mountains affect on climate
• Altitude- Measure of how high a place is
above sea level. The higher a place’s altitude,
the cooler its climate.
• Rain patterns can also be affected by
mountain ranges.
• Windward- As warm, moist air moves up a
mountain, it gets colder.
• Leeward- Air that moves down the other side
of the mount is dry and hot. Rain Shadow

14. El Nino
• Every two to seven years, the cold current
along the coast of Peru sinks and stops
pushing cold water up to the surface causing a
change in weather conditions.
• The warmer temperature at the surface of the
water near Peru causes the air pressure there
to decrease. The change in air pressure may
cause the winds to reverse direction and blow
from east to west.

15. A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
The westerly winds bring moisture from the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of the United States as shown.
At which point in this diagram would the least rainfall occur?

16. A The mountain range will make the area
susceptible to earthquakes.
B The land in the valley to one side of the
mountain range will be infertile.
C One side of the mountain range will grow
drought-resistant plants.
D Seasons will be different on each side of the
mountain range.
A mountain range formed over many years, preventing rainfall to one side of
the mountain range.
Which of these is the result of the geographic change
represented by the mountain range?

17. Which statement is correct about this diagram?