Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
Feminist Therapy
Introduction
Feminist therapy puts gender and power at the core of the therapeutic process. It is built on the premise that it is essential to consider the social and cultural context that contributes to a person’s problems in order to understand that person.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Feminist Therapy
Introduction
Feminist therapy puts gender and power at the core of the therapeutic process. It is built on the premise that it is essential to consider the social and cultural context that contributes to a person’s problems in order to understand that person.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Person-centred therapy, also known as person-centred or client-centred counselling, is a humanistic approach that deals with the ways in which individuals perceive themselves consciously, rather than how a counsellor can interpret their unconscious thoughts or ideas.
The core purpose of person-centred therapy is to facilitate our ability to self-actualise - the belief that all of us will grow and fulfil our potential. This approach facilitates the personal growth and relationships of a client by allowing them to explore and utilise their own strengths and personal identity. The counsellor aids this process, providing vital support to the client and they make their way through this journey.
Humanistic approach talks about human potential which can only be harnessed by an individual by focussing on internalization and subjective knowledge for this world for the attainment of self-actualization or true potential by fulfilling the needs as per the hierarchy of importance.
The Personality Theory Consistency with My Theological Understanding
Let’s apply Roger’s three therapist qualities to the pastoral abilities of Christ.
Pre-Therapy (Contact) orientated, nature based. June 2022.pptxRabErskine1
This PowerPoint presentation was developed by Rab Erskine and was offered to the tPCA's Practitioner Conference, Alfreton in June 2022. The slides highlight aspects of offering a Contact-Orientated counselling/therapy model in nature and are based on Rab's learning over the years..
Rab has lived and worked as a therapist, in the Tweed Valley (Scottish Borders Region) for over thirty five years. His initial experience of working therapeutically started in 1985, while employed at a pioneering therapeutic-community project. After qualifying in 1993 as a counsellor and psychotherapist, and alongside working as a counsellor in primary care, he set up a small company offering nature-based short term residential experiences to individuals and groups. From 2004 to 2016, he was commissioned to run the nature-based project for the Adult Mental Health Psychiatric Rehabilitation service. For a number of years he also worked as a trainer and supervisor. He presently runs a nature based private practice alongside mentoring and working with charities that support adults with complex trauma.
Rab describes his work in the following way:
"Although most counselling and psychotherapy takes place indoors, there are times when there is a need for a more natural working environment than the often, somewhat ‘clinical’ indoor therapeutic space.
This much larger working environment sometimes known as Eco-Therapy, Nature Therapy, Eco-Psychology, can assist in the creation of a gentle yet powerful therapeutic encounter, often useful when there is trauma or deep seated emotional experiences to be worked with.
A way of engaging therapeutically which (Rab believes) understands the individuals’ need for a supportive, non judgemental, less intrusive, compassionate environment within which to explore and better understand him/her self.
This very humanistic way of engaging therapeutically, works well with the nature based working context of ecotherapy.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
2. Contents
• INTRODUCTION
• VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
• THERAPEUTIC GOALS
• THERAPISTS ROLE AND FUNCTIONS
• TECHNIQUES
• CONCLUSION
3. Client Centered Approach
• Person-Centered Therapy, Rogerian
Therapy
• Client Directed Therapy
• Based on Humanistic perspective
4. Rogerian Philosophy
• Rogers - ‘Counselling and
Psychotherapy’
• Assumptions
-are that people are essentially
trustworthy.
-vast potential for understanding
themselves and resolving their own
5. • According to Roger’s Person centered therapy, there is a basic sense
of trust in the client’s ability to move forward in a constructive
manner if conditions fostering growth are present.
• And people are trustworthy, resourceful, capable of self
understanding and self-direct, able to make constructive changes,
and able to live effective and productive lives. A significant change
in the client is most likely to occur when therapists are able to
experience and communicate their realness, support, caring, and
nonjudgmental understanding.
• He maintained three therapist attributes to create a growth-
promoting climate in which individuals can move forward and
become what they are capable of becoming: (1) congruence
(genuineness, or realness), (2) unconditional positive regard
(acceptance and caring),and (3) accurate empathic understanding
(an ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person).
• If therapists communicate these attitudes, those being helped will
become less defensive and more open to themselves and their
world, and they will behave in prosocial and constructive ways.
• The person-centered approach rejects the role of the therapist as
the authority who knows best and of the passive client who merely
6. • Rogers emphasized the attitudes and
personal characteristics of the therapist
and the quality of the client–therapist
relationship as the prime determinants of
the outcome of the therapeutic process.
7. • In the first period, during the 1940s, Rogers developed
nondirective counselling, which provided a powerful
and revolutionary alternative to the directive and
interpretive approaches to therapy then being
practiced.
• In the second period, during the 1950s, Rogers (1951)
wrote Client-Centered Therapy and renamed his
approach client-centered therapy, to reflect its
emphasis on the client rather than on nondirective
methods.
• The third period, which began in the late 1950 to 1970,
addressed the necessary and sufficient conditions of
therapy.
• The fourth phase, during the 1980s and the 1990s, was
marked by considerable expansion to education,
industry, groups, conflict resolution, and the search for
8. In a comprehensive review of the research on person-centered
therapy over a period of 60 years, Bozarth and colleagues
(2002) concluded the following:
• In the earliest years of the approach, the client rather than the
therapist was in charge. This style of nondirective therapy was
associated with increased understanding, greater self-
exploration, and improved self-concepts.
• Later a shift from clarification of feelings to a focus on the
client’s frame of reference developed. Many of Rogers’s
hypotheses were confirmed, and there was strong evidence for
the value of the therapeutic relationship and the client’s
resources as the crux of successful therapy.
• As person-centered therapy developed further, research
centered on the core conditions assumed to be both necessary
and sufficient for successful therapy. The attitude of the
9. • 'It is that the individual has within himself
or herself vast resources for self-
understanding, for altering his or her self-
concept, attitudes and self-directed
behavior - and that these resources can be
tapped if only a definable climate of
facilitative psychological attitudes can be
provided'.
-Rogers (1986)
15. • For person centred therapists, the quality of
the counselling relationship is much more
important than techniques( Glauser and
Bozarth, 2001)
BUT.........
16. Rogers(1957) believed that there are three
necessary and sufficient conditions of
counselling:
1. empathy
2. Unconditional positive regard
(acceptance, prizing)
3. congruence(genuineness, openness,
authenticity, transparency)
17. 1. Empathy
(feeling with the client)
• The ability to grasp the client’s subjective
world.
• Helper attitudes are more important than
knowledge.
• It may be subjective empathy, inter personal
empathy, and objective empathy
18. Subjective empathy- It enables a counsellor
to momentarily experience what it is like to be
a client
Inter personal empathy- it relates to
understanding a client’s phenomenological
experiencing
Objective empathy- It uses reputable
knowledge sources outside a client’s frame of
reference
19. • In short, empathy is an attempt to think with
the client and grasp the client’s
communication, intentions, and meanings.
• This empathy results in clients’ self-
understanding and clarification of their beliefs
and world views.
20. • Two processes foster empathic understanding:
reflection and clarification.
Reflection/mirroring- though the two may
overlap , a distinction is often made between
reflection of content and reflection of feeling
• but good reflection does not entail the
mechanical repeating of what the client has
just said
• Clients require helping relationships with
people , not parrots!!
21. Therefore u need...
capacity to respond accurately and flexibly to your clients
without being a parrot
Try to make use of simple and direct language
Psychological jargon is definitely to be avoided
Colloquialisms can add colour and freshness to your
responses
Reflecting feelings entails expressive listening and
responding
feelings need to be correctly identified
their level of intensity needs to be correctly expressed
22. 2. Unconditional positive regard
• It is also known as acceptance, which is a
deep and genuine caring for the client as a
valuable person(accepting the client as they
presently are)
• Acceptance is the recognition of clients’ rights
to have their own beliefs and feelings
• Therapist need not approve of all client
behaviour
• Prizing the person for just being
23. • Acc to Rogers, “self is an outgrowth of what a
person experiences and awareness of self
helps a person differentiate him/her from
others.”
• ‘Real self ’(one’s conception of who one is )
• ‘ideal self’ (the self-concept that one would
like to possess or like to be )
• The more is the gap b/w real self and ideal
self, the more will be the maladjustment.
• For a healthy self to emerge, a person needs
positive regard
24. 3. Congruence
• genuineness and realness in the therapy session
• Therapist’s behaviours match his/her words
• It is the condition of being transparent in the
therapeutic relationship by giving up roles and
facades(Rogers 1980)
• It is the counsellor’s readiness for setting aside
concerns and personal preoccupations and for
being available and open in relationship with the
client
25. 6 CONDITIONS where necessary and
sufficient personality changes to
occur..
1. Two persons are in psychological contact
2. The first, the client, is experiencing
incongruence
3. The second person, the therapist, is
congruent or integrated in the relationship
26. 4. The therapist experiences unconditional
positive regard or real caring for the client
5. The therapist experiences empathy for the
client’s internal frame of reference and
endeavours to communicate this to the client
6. The communication to the client is, to a
minimal degree achieved.
27. Key Points in person centered theory:
(Kirschenbaum & Henderson 1989)
• Therapist-Client Relationship: a relationship where
each person’s perception is important and valued.
• Client incongruence or vulnerability: incongruence
exists between the client’s experience and awareness
(the real versus the ideal). The client is vulnerable to
anxiety which motivates them to stay in the
relationship and work on themselves.
• Therapist Congruence or Genuineness: the therapist is
congruent within the therapeutic relationship and they
can draw on their own experiences (self-disclosure) to
enhance the relationship
28. • Therapist Unconditional Positive Regard:
accepts the client unconditionally exactly as
they are.
• Therapist Empathic understanding:
understanding of the client’s frame of
reference. BECOME PART OF THE CLIENT’S
WORLD seeing it through their eyes
• Client Perception: the client perceives the
therapist’s unconditional positive regard and
empathic understanding.
29. Person-Centred therapy EMPHASIZES,
Therapy as a journey shared by two fallible
people
The person’s innate strive for self-
actualisation(humanistic approach)
The personal characteristics of the therapist
and the quality of the therapeutic relationship
The counsellor’s creation of a permissive,
“growth promoting” climate
30. Person-Centred therapy CHALLENGES
The assumption that “ the counsellor knows
best”(never express over expertance; client
must be the supreme)
The validity of advice, suggestion, persuasion,
teaching, diagnosis and interpretation
The belief that clients cannot understand and
resolve their own problems without direct
help
The focus on problems over persons
31. LIMITATIONS of Person-Centred
therapy
• The approach may be too simplistic,
optimistic, leisurely, and unfocused for clients
in crisis or who needs more structure and
direction
• The approach depends on bright, insightful,
hardworking clients for best results. It has
limited applicability and is seldom employed
with the severely disabled or young children
32. • The approach ignores diagnosis, the
unconscious, developmental theories, and
innately generated sexual aggressive drives.
Many critics think it is overly optimistic
• The approach is more attitudinal than
technique based. It is void of specific
techniques to bring about client change
33. APPLICATIONS
• Used to treat a broad range of people
• People with schizophrenia
• Persons suffering from depression, anxiety,
alcohol disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and
personality disorders
• Can be used in individual, group, or family
therapy
34. Therapist’s Role and function
• Therapist usually assume an anonymous kind of
role, also known as the “Black-Screen Approach ”
where they limit self-disclosure that will then
promote a transference relationship with the
client, where the client will pour projections ,
where, according to Luborsky , et.al(2008)
• “Refers to the transfer of feelings
originally experienced in an early relationship to
other important people in a person’s present
environment ”.
35. The rapist’s Role and function
• Function: to be present and accessible to
clients, to focus on immediate experience, to
be real in the relationship with clients
• Through the therapist’s attitude of genuine
caring, respect, acceptance, and
understanding, clients become less defensive
and more open to their experience and
facilitate the personal growth.
36. • Therapist’s Role: Therapist’s attitude and belief
in the inner resources of the client, not in techniques,
facilitate personal change in the client
• Be present and accessible
• Therapist is genuine, integrated, and authentic.
• Be real, genuine, honest…
• Use of self as an instrument of change
• Enter clients world.
• Focuses on the quality of the therapeutic relationship
• Serves as a model of a human being struggling
toward greater realness
• Can openly express feelings and attitudes that are
present in the relationship with the client
• Accept client &Empathetic understanding of client.
37. Person-Centered Therapy
• CLIENTS EXPERIENCE
use relationship to gain self-understanding
Explore feelings, thoughts, beliefs
Discover hidden aspect of self
Becomes less defensive over time
Explore self
Empower self to lead own life
Experience life in ‘’here and now ‘’not the past or
future
38. Relation Between Therapist and Client
Therapy is a journey taken by therapist and
client
The person-to-person relationship is a key
The relationship demands that therapists be in
contact with their own phenomenological
world
The core of the therapeutic relationship
respect& faith in the client’s potential to cope
Sharing reactions with genuine concern &
empathy.
39. The Relationship between the
Client and Therapist
• Therapist and client mostly hold a tranference
relationship. Transference again is the resurfacing of
old experience that were reactions from significant
people from repressed memory and having them
shifted to the therapist.
• Clients and therapists go through a working-through
process . where they both tackle unconscious material
and defenses.
• Therapist must be well aware of countertransference
where in the therapist’s own unconscious conflict
comes out and projects them into the client . Not call
counter transference feeling are bad, but other cases
may seem beneficial to both client and therapist.
40. Relation Between Therapist and Client
• Adlerian’s considered a good client-therapist
relationship to be one between equals that is
based on cooperation, mutual trust, respect,
confidence and alignment of goals
41. Relationship Between Therapist
and Client
• Emphasizes the attitudes and personal characteristics of the
therapist and the quality of therapeutic relationship.
• Characterized by equality.
• Therapists are transparent, true to themselves, authentic.
• Therapist listening in an accepting way to their clients, they
learn how to listen acceptingly to themselves
• 3 ATTITUDES THERAPIST MUST CONVEY
• Congruence - genuineness or realness
• Unconditional positive regard and acceptance- acceptance
and caring, but not approval of all behavior(value & accept client as
they are)
• Accurate empathic understanding – an ability to deeply
grasp the client’s subjective world
– Helper attitudes are more important than knowledge.