Taylorism and Fayolism are two classical management theories. Taylorism, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, focuses on scientific management and increasing worker productivity through methods like time and motion studies. Fayolism, developed by Henri Fayol, provides a more general framework for management including five primary functions and fourteen principles of administration to improve overall efficiency. The theories differ in their focus, with Taylorism aimed at the production/shop floor level and Fayolism at the top management level.

1. TAYLORISMV/S FAYOLISM
A FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT PROJECT

2. WHO ISTAYLOR ANDWHAT ISTAYLORISM ?
FREDERICK WINSLOWTAYLOR (MARCH 20, 1856 – MARCH 21, 1915)
WAS AN AMERICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER WHO SOUGHTTO
IMPROVE INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY.
HE LAID DOWNTHE FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE
CONSISTING OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES. HE SUGGESTEDTHE USE
OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND STUDY FOR
SOLVING MANAGERIAL PROBLEMS. HIS PRINCIPLES ARE CLASSIFIED
ASTAYLORISM.
HE IS BETTER REMEMBERED IN HISTORY ASTHE
“FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT”.
INTRODUCTION
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ISTHE ART OF KNOWING EXACTLY
WHATYOUWANTYOUR MENTO DO ANDTHEN SEEINGTHAT
THEY DO IT INTHE BEST AND CHEAPESTWAY POSSIBLE.
- F. W. TAYLOR

3. THE SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT AS STATED BYTAYLOR …
(1) Science, Not Rule ofThumb:
This principle says that we should not get stuck in a set
routine with the old techniques of doing work, rather
we should be constantly experimenting to develop new
techniques which make the work much simpler, easier
and quicker.
(2) Harmony, Not Discord:
As per this principle, such an atmosphere should be
created in the organization that labor (the major factor
of production) and management consider each other
indispensable.
Taylor has referred to such a situation as a ‘Mental
Revolution’. Taylor firmly believed that the occurrence
of a mental revolution would end all conflicts between
the two parties and would be beneficial to both of them.
(3) Cooperation, Not Individualism:
According to this principle, all the activities done by
different people must be carried on with a spirit of
mutual cooperation.Taylor has suggested that the
manager and the workers should jointly determine
standards. This increases involvement and thus, in turn,
increases responsibility. In this way we can expect
miraculous results.
(4) Development of Each and Every Person to
His / Her Greatest Efficiency and Prosperity:
According to this principle, the efficiency of each and
every person should be taken care of right from his
selection. A proper arrangement of everybody’s
training should be made.
TAYLORISM

4. THE SCIENTIFICTECHNIQUES OF MANAGEMENT
AS STATED BYTAYLOR …
1. Functional Foremanship: A foreman belongs to operational management and is the highest ranking worker
and in order to improve the quality of the supervision of workers at the supervisor level,Taylor developed the
concept of functional foremanship. In this technique, a worker is supervised by several specialists.
• A. Planning In charge : The main function of ‘Planning In charge’ is to plan all aspects of a job to be
performed.
It consists of four positions:
• (i) Instruction Card Clerk: The main function of instruction card clerk is to draft the instructions according to
which workers have to perform their jobs.
• (ii) Route Clerk: The route clerk specifies route of production i.e. sequence to perform various mechanical and
manual operations.
• (iii)Time and Cost Clerk: Time and Cost Clerk fixes the time for starting and completing the work and
prepares the cost sheet for each job.
• (iv) Disciplinarian: He is responsible to ensure discipline in the work place. He is concerned with the
coordination in each job from planning to successful execution. He enforces rules and regulations and
maintains discipline.
TAYLORISM

5. • B. Production In charge: The main function of ‘Production In charge’ is to get the work executed as per
plans.
It consists of four positions:
• (i) Speed Boss: He is responsible for timely and accurate completion of job. He checks whether work is
progressing as per schedule.
• (ii) Gang Boss: Gang Boss is responsible for keeping machines and tools etc. ready for operation by
workers so that there is no delay.
• (iii) Repairs Boss: Repair Boss ensures proper working conditions of machines and tools.
• (iv) Inspector: He ensures that the work is done as per the standards of quality of work set out by
planning department.
2. Standardization and Simplification of Work:
• A. Standardization: Standardization is the process of setting standards for different factors. Standards
can be set for process, raw material, time, product, methods, or working conditions. It uses standard
equipments, methods and processes in order to maximize the output keeping in mind the quality
standards. It helps in establishing the norms for sizes, types, height etc.
• B. Simplification: Simplification refers to the elimination of unwanted varieties, sizes, products and
dimensions. In other words, simplification means optimum utilization of resources viz men, machine
and material through uninterrupted runs and fewer machine stoppages. It aims at discarding
unnecessary diversity of products. It helps in reducing labor, machines and tools.Thus implying reduced
stock, fuller utilization of tools/equipments and increased sales.
TAYLORISM

6. 3.Work Study: Work study is a systematic, objective oriented, analytical and critical
assessment of the performance of workers in various operations in a workshop.
• (i) Method Study: It refers to identify the most suitable way to do a particular
activity.The main objective of this study is to minimize the cost of production and
maximize the quality and level of consumer satisfaction.
• (ii) Motion Study: It refers to conduct the study of motions being performed by
workers and machines while doing the job.The movie camera is used to conduct this
study.The main objective of this study is to eliminate the unnecessary motions.
• (iii) Time Study: It refers to determine the standard time required to complete a
particular activity.The standard time is determined on the basis of average time
taken by the several experiences of the same work.
• (iv) Fatigue Study: It refers to determine the duration and frequency of rest intervals
to complete a particular job.The rest refreshes the workers.They work again with
their full capacity.The main objective of this study is to maintain the efficiency level
of workers.
TAYLORISM

7. • 4. Differential Piece Wage System: Differential piece rate system is a system of
wages’ payment in which efficient and inefficient workers are paid at different rates.
Taylor has suggested two types of wages for similar work. Higher wages for efficient
workers & lower wages for inefficient workers.Taylor classified the workers as
efficient or inefficient on the basis of their performance. Workers who perform upto or
above the standards set for them are regarded as ‘efficient’. On the other hand,
‘inefficient’ workers are ones who perform below the standard.
• 5. Mental Revolution: Mental revolution calls for a change in the mindset of both
employers and workers. As perTaylor, a revolution in mindset of both the employers
and the workers is required because it will promote feeling of cooperation, and will be
beneficial to both the parties. Normally, it is seen that conflict between employers
and workers results in division of profits, with both the parties demanding a larger
share of profits.This is the main reason why a mental revolution is required. According
toTaylor, instead of fighting over division of profits, both the parties should make
efforts for increasing the profits. Such a situation will result in an increase in
production, and as such a high increase in profits that will make any talk of division of
profits meaningless.
TAYLORISM

8. WHO IS FAYOL ANDWHAT IS FAYOLISM ?
HENRI FAYOL (29 JULY, 1841 – 19 NOVEMBER, 1925),WAS A FRENCH
MINING ENGINEER, MINING EXECUTIVE, AUTHOR ANDTHE DIRECTOR
OF MINES WHO DEVELOPEDTHE GENERALTHEORY OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATIONTHAT IS OFTEN CALLED FAYOLISM.
FAYOL’SWORK WAS ONE OFTHE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENTS
OF A GENERALTHEORY OF MANAGEMENT. HE PROPOSEDTHATTHERE
WERE FIVE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT AND FOURTEEN
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT.
HE IS BETTER REMEMBERED INTHE HISTORY AS
“FATHER OF ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT”
INTRODUCTION
To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command,
to coordinate and to control.
- HENRI FAYOL

9. THE FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT AS STATED BY FAYOL...
• 1. Division of Work: Specialization of labor increases output by making employees
more efficient.
• 2. Authority: Managers must be given authority which, in turn, gives them right to
give orders.
• 3. Discipline: Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the
organization.This helps an organization run smoothly.
• 4. Unity of Command: Every employee should receive orders from only one
superior.
• 5. Unity of Direction: The efforts of each employee in the organization having the
same objective should be directed by one manager in the same direction.
• 6. Subordination of Individual Interests to General Interests: The interests of the
organization as a whole should be above the interests of the individual employees.
FAYOLISM

10. • 7. Remuneration: Employees should be paid fair remuneration for the services
rendered by them.
• 8. Centralization: A proper proportion should be evolved between involving the
employees in decision-making activity (decentralization) and decision made by the
management (centralization).
• 9. Scalar Chain: Communication should follow from the top management to the
lowest ranks of the employees.
• 10. Order: Both people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.
• 11. Equity: Managers should be fair and kind to their subordinates.
• 12. Stability ofTenure of Personnel: Management should make proper personnel
planning to ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.
• 13. Initiative: Employees should be allowed and encouraged to initiate the
preparation of plans.
• 14. Esprit de Corps: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the
organization.The team spirit is the key to organizational success.
FAYOLISM

11. DISTINCTION BETWEEN
TAYLOR AND FAYOL
BASIS TAYLOR FAYOL
PERSPECTIVE Operative or shop floor level Top level of management
PERSONALITY Scientist Practitioner
FOCUS Increasing productivity of workers Improving overall efficiency of
administration
TECHNIQUES Scientific observation and
management
General principles of
management
NATURE OFWORK DONE Scientific management General theory of administration
TAYLORISM V/S FAYOLISM

12. COMPARISONTABLE
BASIS HENRI FAYOL F.W.TAYLOR
MEANING Henry Fayol, is a father of
modern management who laid
down fourteen principles of
management, for improving
overall administration.
F.W.Taylor, is a father of
scientific management who
introduced four principles of
management, for increasing
overall productivity.
CONCEPT General theory of
administration
Scientific Management
EMPHASIS Top level management Low level management
APPLICABILITY Universally applicable Applies to specialized
organizations only.
BASISOF FORMATION Personal Experience Observation and
Experimentation
ORIENTATION Managerial function Production and Engineering
SYSTEM OFWAGE PAYMENT Sharing of profit with
managers.
Differential Payment System
APPROACH Manager's approach Engineer's approach
TAYLORISM V/S FAYOLISM

13. KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAYOL AND
TAYLOR’STHEORY OF MANAGEMENT
• Henry Fayol is a father of modern management who enunciated fourteen principles of management, for
improving overall administration. As against, F.W.Taylor is a father of scientific management who developed
four principles of management, for increasing overall productivity.
• Henry Fayol introduced the concept of General theory of administration. F.W.Taylor laid down the concept of
Scientific Management.
• Henry Fayol emphasized the working of top level management, whereas F.W.Taylor stressed on the working of
production level management.
• Fayol’s management theory has universal applicability. UnlikeTaylor, whose management theory applies to a
number of organizations only.
• The basis of formation of Fayol’s theory is the personal experience. Conversely, Taylor’s principles rely on
observation and experimentation.
• Fayol is oriented towards managerial function. On the contrary,Taylor focused on production and engineering.
• The system of wage payment determined byTaylor is differential piece rate system, while Fayol stressed on
sharing of profits with managers.
• The approach ofTaylor is termed as Engineer’s approach. In contrast, Fayol’s approach is accepted as manager’s
approach.
TAYLORISM V/S FAYOLISM

14. A FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT PROJECT
• RITVIK RUNGTA (18)
• ANJALI AGARWAL (19)
• PURBA MODI (20)
• AYUSHMAN CHAUDHARY (17)