Ion exchange chromatography can be used to separate metal ions. Ion exchange resins are polymer beads that contain ion exchange sites on their surface. Metal ions in solution can exchange with ions on the resin sites. There are cation exchange resins containing acidic sites that absorb positively charged metal ions and anion exchange resins containing basic sites that absorb negatively charged metal ion complexes. The affinity of metal ions for the resin depends on factors like the metal's charge and acid concentration. Ion exchange chromatography allows for sensitive separations of metals that are difficult to separate by other methods.
This document discusses ion exchange and ion exchange resins. Ion exchange is an adsorption process where ions are exchanged between an electrolyte solution and an ion exchange resin through electrostatic attraction. There are two main types of ion exchange resins: cation exchange resins which contain negatively charged functional groups that attract and hold positively charged ions, and anion exchange resins which contain positively charged functional groups that attract and hold negatively charged ions. Ion exchange resins are used in various water and wastewater treatment applications such as hardness removal, heavy metal removal, and nutrient removal. Common ion exchange resins are synthetic cross-linked polymeric resins and zeolites.
Ion exchange is a water treatment process that removes ions from water through an exchange of ions between a resin and water. There are cation exchange resins that remove positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that remove negatively charged ions. Ion exchange is commonly used for water softening by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium or potassium ions held on the resin. The resin becomes exhausted over time and must be regenerated by flushing it with a brine solution to restore the ions on the resin.
The ion exchange process removes hardness-causing ions from water by exchanging them for ions on cross-linked polymer resins. There are two main types of resins: cation exchange resins that replace calcium and magnesium ions with hydrogen ions, and anion exchange resins that replace chloride and sulfate ions with hydroxide ions. The process produces deionized water that is free from minerals and hardness ions.
Ion exchange and different types of ion exchangerRashidul Islam
This document describes different types of ion exchangers. It discusses that ion exchange is a reversible chemical process where ions of one substance are replaced by similarly charged ions of another substance. Ion exchangers can be cation exchangers, which exchange positive ions, or anion exchangers, which exchange negative ions. Cation exchangers are further divided into inorganic and organic types, while anion exchangers are divided into inorganic and organic types. Common applications of ion exchangers include softening of water, demineralization of water, and separation of ions.
This presentation introduces ion exchange resins and their properties. It discusses the chemistry of ion exchangers, including their composition and characteristics. The presentation examines key properties of ion exchangers like ionic form, ion exchange capacity, moisture holding capacity, specific gravity, bulk density, volume change, particle size distribution, stability, and selectivity. It also discusses how the properties depend on whether the ion exchangers are used in aqueous or non-aqueous media.
This document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle, apparatus, instrumentation, parameters, factors affecting resolution, and applications. Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to positively or negatively charged sites on a stationary support. It uses columns packed with ion exchange resins as the stationary phase and salt solutions as the mobile phase to separate biomolecules like proteins, amino acids, and sugars. Key factors that affect the resolution of ion exchange chromatography include the nature of exchanging ions, ion exchange resin, chemical and physical variables, and temperature.
Ion exchange is an adsorption process where ions on an ion exchange resin are replaced by ions in solution. Resins are typically made of cross-linked polymers with attached ionic functional groups. The selectivity of different ions depends on factors like ionic charge, hydrated radius, and chemical interactions with the functional group. Spent resins can be regenerated by contacting them with a solution high in the desired ion to be taken up by the resin. The degree of regeneration and column utilization must be balanced to optimize the process.
This document discusses ion exchange and ion exchange resins. Ion exchange is an adsorption process where ions are exchanged between an electrolyte solution and an ion exchange resin through electrostatic attraction. There are two main types of ion exchange resins: cation exchange resins which contain negatively charged functional groups that attract and hold positively charged ions, and anion exchange resins which contain positively charged functional groups that attract and hold negatively charged ions. Ion exchange resins are used in various water and wastewater treatment applications such as hardness removal, heavy metal removal, and nutrient removal. Common ion exchange resins are synthetic cross-linked polymeric resins and zeolites.
Ion exchange is a water treatment process that removes ions from water through an exchange of ions between a resin and water. There are cation exchange resins that remove positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that remove negatively charged ions. Ion exchange is commonly used for water softening by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium or potassium ions held on the resin. The resin becomes exhausted over time and must be regenerated by flushing it with a brine solution to restore the ions on the resin.
The ion exchange process removes hardness-causing ions from water by exchanging them for ions on cross-linked polymer resins. There are two main types of resins: cation exchange resins that replace calcium and magnesium ions with hydrogen ions, and anion exchange resins that replace chloride and sulfate ions with hydroxide ions. The process produces deionized water that is free from minerals and hardness ions.
Ion exchange and different types of ion exchangerRashidul Islam
This document describes different types of ion exchangers. It discusses that ion exchange is a reversible chemical process where ions of one substance are replaced by similarly charged ions of another substance. Ion exchangers can be cation exchangers, which exchange positive ions, or anion exchangers, which exchange negative ions. Cation exchangers are further divided into inorganic and organic types, while anion exchangers are divided into inorganic and organic types. Common applications of ion exchangers include softening of water, demineralization of water, and separation of ions.
This presentation introduces ion exchange resins and their properties. It discusses the chemistry of ion exchangers, including their composition and characteristics. The presentation examines key properties of ion exchangers like ionic form, ion exchange capacity, moisture holding capacity, specific gravity, bulk density, volume change, particle size distribution, stability, and selectivity. It also discusses how the properties depend on whether the ion exchangers are used in aqueous or non-aqueous media.
This document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle, apparatus, instrumentation, parameters, factors affecting resolution, and applications. Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to positively or negatively charged sites on a stationary support. It uses columns packed with ion exchange resins as the stationary phase and salt solutions as the mobile phase to separate biomolecules like proteins, amino acids, and sugars. Key factors that affect the resolution of ion exchange chromatography include the nature of exchanging ions, ion exchange resin, chemical and physical variables, and temperature.
Ion exchange is an adsorption process where ions on an ion exchange resin are replaced by ions in solution. Resins are typically made of cross-linked polymers with attached ionic functional groups. The selectivity of different ions depends on factors like ionic charge, hydrated radius, and chemical interactions with the functional group. Spent resins can be regenerated by contacting them with a solution high in the desired ion to be taken up by the resin. The degree of regeneration and column utilization must be balanced to optimize the process.
This document discusses ion exchange, the process by which similarly charged ions can be separated using an ion exchange resin. It describes the principles of cation and anion exchange and how ions are reversibly exchanged between the solution and resin. Different types of ion exchange resins are classified based on their chemical nature and source. The document outlines factors that affect ion exchange separations and provides examples of applications such as water softening and purification of biochemical solutions.
Ion exchange chromatography separates mixtures of ions based on their affinity for ion exchange resins. There are two main types of resins - cation exchange resins that interact with positively charged ions, and anion exchange resins that interact with negatively charged ions. The mixture is passed through a column packed with the resin, and the different ions are selectively absorbed and eluted by changing the mobile phase, allowing separation of the individual components. Ion exchange chromatography has applications in water softening and purification, and separation of ions, sugars, and amino acids.
This is a type of chromatography in which similar charged ions are separated by using ion exchange resin, that exchanges ions according to their relative affinities.
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged compounds by reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble matrix. It works by binding either the compound of interest or contaminants to the column. The document covers the principle, working, types, requirements, and applications of ion exchange chromatography. It discusses cation and anion exchangers used as the stationary phase and factors that affect separation like pH, ionic strength, and temperature.
Rate theory is based on the random walk mechanism of molecules migrating through a chromatography column. It takes into account factors like band broadening, the effect of elution rate on band shape, and the different possible paths molecules can take through diffusion and availability. The symmetry factor As compares the widths of the first and second halves of a peak and should be close to 1 for a good separation. The height H of a packed bed should generally be 2-3 times the particle diameter for optimal performance.
Ion exchange chromatography is a process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge using an ion exchange resin. There are two main types of ion exchange - cation exchange which uses a negatively charged resin to adsorb positively charged proteins, and anion exchange which uses a positively charged resin to adsorb negatively charged proteins. The process involves equilibrating the resin, applying the sample mixture, then eluting the bound molecules by altering conditions such as pH or ionic strength to cause differential elution. Ion exchange chromatography is useful for purifying proteins and other charged biomolecules.
Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for an ion exchange resin. It works through the reversible electrostatic interaction between ions in solution and ions attached to the resin. There are four main types of resins: strong cation, weak cation, strong anion, and weak anion. Organic resins like polystyrene with divinylbenzene crosslinking are commonly used. The process involves equilibrating, applying the sample, eluting components at different rates depending on their affinity, and regenerating the resin. Ion exchange chromatography has applications like water softening, enzyme purification, and separation of ions, sugars, amino acids and proteins.
an assignment on ion exchange chromatographyFaruk Hossen
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge interactions between molecules and an ion exchange resin. There are two types of resins - cation exchangers that attract negatively charged molecules and anion exchangers that attract positively charged molecules. The separation is achieved by altering the mobile phase buffer pH and salt concentration to selectively elute molecules from the stationary phase resin based on their charge. Ion exchange chromatography is useful for purifying and separating a wide range of biomolecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids while preserving their structure.
Ion exchange chromatography -SlideShareRIZWAN RIZWI
This ppt provide a good knowledge about ion exchange chromatography. I think this is very helpful for you .Here i have tried to explain a best way and simple method so guys you all enjoy this and gain your knowledge. And wish for me to provide more pptx for you all .at the end i want your experience give me suggestion if i made any mistake thank you .
This document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle, types of ion exchange resins, practical requirements, factors affecting separation, and applications. Ion exchange chromatography separates similar charged ions through reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions on an ion exchange resin. There are two main types of resins: cation exchange resins that separate cations, and anion exchange resins that separate anions. Key factors that affect ion exchange separation include the nature and properties of the resin, and the nature of the exchanging ions. Ion exchange chromatography has applications in water softening, producing deionized water, separating and purifying metals and ions, and analysis and purification of biomolecules.
Ion exchange chromatography is a technique that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for an ion exchange resin. There are two main types - cation exchange chromatography uses negatively charged resins to separate cations, while anion exchange chromatography uses positively charged resins to separate anions. The process involves applying a sample to a column packed with ion exchange resin and eluting molecules from the column using a buffer solution. Common applications include protein separation, water purification, and analysis of amino acids and nucleic acids.
Ion exchange chromatography is a reversible reaction where mobile ions of an ion exchanger are exchanged with similarly charged ions in solution. Ion exchangers are insoluble organic polymers with charged groups introduced. The process involves diffusion of ions to the exchanger surface, exchange at the exchange site, and diffusion of the exchanged ion. Ion exchangers are categorized as cation or anion exchangers based on whether they contain anionic or cationic exchange groups. Applications include separation of similar ions, removal of interfering substances, and purification of organic compounds extracted in water.
This document discusses ion exchange resins and their applications in drug delivery and therapeutics. It begins by introducing ion exchange resins as insoluble polymers that can exchange counter-ions via electrostatic adsorption. It then covers the chemistry, classification into cation and anion exchangers, properties including cross-linking and capacity, and various formulation applications such as taste masking, dissolution enhancement, and stability improvement. Finally, it discusses drug delivery applications of ion exchange resins for oral, nasal, and transdermal delivery as well as ophthalmic formulations, highlighting examples of sustained release and pulsatile delivery profiles achieved.
Principles of Ion -exchange chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , chromatography generally stands for a technique which separates mixtures based on different dynamic sharing of their components between two distinct physio-chemical environments called mobile and stationary phase by repeated absorption/desorption steps. Ion chromatography (IC) is a member of large family of liquid phase
chromatographic methods (that is a mobile phase is a liquid and a stationary phase is a
solid).
This document summarizes a seminar on ion exchange chromatography. It introduces the topic, covering the basic principles of how ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules using stationary phases with positively or negatively charged groups. It then discusses the types of ion exchange resins, including classifications based on chemical nature and source. Examples of applications are given, such as separating similar ions, water softening, demineralization, separating sugars and amino acids. The document concludes by discussing some advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange chromatography.
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
This document provides an overview of ion-exchange chromatography. It discusses the history, principle, classification of resins, instrumentation, techniques, parameters, factors affecting resolution, and applications. Ion-exchange chromatography uses ion-exchange resins to separate ions based on their affinity for the resin. It has various applications in separating mixtures of ions like analyzing water quality, purifying biochemical compounds, and separating metals. Key factors that affect the resolution include the nature of ions, resin properties, chemical and physical variables like pH, temperature, and flow rate.
This document summarizes ion exchange chromatography. It describes how ion exchange chromatography works by exchanging ions between a charged stationary phase and sample ions in mobile phase. It discusses the different types of ion exchangers including resins, gels, and inorganic exchangers. Key factors that influence retention such as pH, ionic strength, and organic solvent content are also summarized. Finally, some common applications of ion exchange chromatography are highlighted such as separation of ions, water softening, and determination of analytes in various samples.
Ion exchange chromatography works under the principle of reversible adsorption and this method involves the separation of ions by using different types of exchange resins based on the ions to be separated.
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged molecules by exchanging them for ions attached to an insoluble matrix. It describes the principle of reversible ion exchange between oppositely charged molecules and the matrix. The document outlines the types of ion exchange resins used, including polystyrene and cellulose. It also discusses cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, factors affecting separation, and applications such as water softening and analyzing nucleic acids.
This document discusses ion exchange, the process by which similarly charged ions can be separated using an ion exchange resin. It describes the principles of cation and anion exchange and how ions are reversibly exchanged between the solution and resin. Different types of ion exchange resins are classified based on their chemical nature and source. The document outlines factors that affect ion exchange separations and provides examples of applications such as water softening and purification of biochemical solutions.
Ion exchange chromatography separates mixtures of ions based on their affinity for ion exchange resins. There are two main types of resins - cation exchange resins that interact with positively charged ions, and anion exchange resins that interact with negatively charged ions. The mixture is passed through a column packed with the resin, and the different ions are selectively absorbed and eluted by changing the mobile phase, allowing separation of the individual components. Ion exchange chromatography has applications in water softening and purification, and separation of ions, sugars, and amino acids.
This is a type of chromatography in which similar charged ions are separated by using ion exchange resin, that exchanges ions according to their relative affinities.
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged compounds by reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble matrix. It works by binding either the compound of interest or contaminants to the column. The document covers the principle, working, types, requirements, and applications of ion exchange chromatography. It discusses cation and anion exchangers used as the stationary phase and factors that affect separation like pH, ionic strength, and temperature.
Rate theory is based on the random walk mechanism of molecules migrating through a chromatography column. It takes into account factors like band broadening, the effect of elution rate on band shape, and the different possible paths molecules can take through diffusion and availability. The symmetry factor As compares the widths of the first and second halves of a peak and should be close to 1 for a good separation. The height H of a packed bed should generally be 2-3 times the particle diameter for optimal performance.
Ion exchange chromatography is a process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge using an ion exchange resin. There are two main types of ion exchange - cation exchange which uses a negatively charged resin to adsorb positively charged proteins, and anion exchange which uses a positively charged resin to adsorb negatively charged proteins. The process involves equilibrating the resin, applying the sample mixture, then eluting the bound molecules by altering conditions such as pH or ionic strength to cause differential elution. Ion exchange chromatography is useful for purifying proteins and other charged biomolecules.
Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for an ion exchange resin. It works through the reversible electrostatic interaction between ions in solution and ions attached to the resin. There are four main types of resins: strong cation, weak cation, strong anion, and weak anion. Organic resins like polystyrene with divinylbenzene crosslinking are commonly used. The process involves equilibrating, applying the sample, eluting components at different rates depending on their affinity, and regenerating the resin. Ion exchange chromatography has applications like water softening, enzyme purification, and separation of ions, sugars, amino acids and proteins.
an assignment on ion exchange chromatographyFaruk Hossen
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge interactions between molecules and an ion exchange resin. There are two types of resins - cation exchangers that attract negatively charged molecules and anion exchangers that attract positively charged molecules. The separation is achieved by altering the mobile phase buffer pH and salt concentration to selectively elute molecules from the stationary phase resin based on their charge. Ion exchange chromatography is useful for purifying and separating a wide range of biomolecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids while preserving their structure.
Ion exchange chromatography -SlideShareRIZWAN RIZWI
This ppt provide a good knowledge about ion exchange chromatography. I think this is very helpful for you .Here i have tried to explain a best way and simple method so guys you all enjoy this and gain your knowledge. And wish for me to provide more pptx for you all .at the end i want your experience give me suggestion if i made any mistake thank you .
This document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle, types of ion exchange resins, practical requirements, factors affecting separation, and applications. Ion exchange chromatography separates similar charged ions through reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions on an ion exchange resin. There are two main types of resins: cation exchange resins that separate cations, and anion exchange resins that separate anions. Key factors that affect ion exchange separation include the nature and properties of the resin, and the nature of the exchanging ions. Ion exchange chromatography has applications in water softening, producing deionized water, separating and purifying metals and ions, and analysis and purification of biomolecules.
Ion exchange chromatography is a technique that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for an ion exchange resin. There are two main types - cation exchange chromatography uses negatively charged resins to separate cations, while anion exchange chromatography uses positively charged resins to separate anions. The process involves applying a sample to a column packed with ion exchange resin and eluting molecules from the column using a buffer solution. Common applications include protein separation, water purification, and analysis of amino acids and nucleic acids.
Ion exchange chromatography is a reversible reaction where mobile ions of an ion exchanger are exchanged with similarly charged ions in solution. Ion exchangers are insoluble organic polymers with charged groups introduced. The process involves diffusion of ions to the exchanger surface, exchange at the exchange site, and diffusion of the exchanged ion. Ion exchangers are categorized as cation or anion exchangers based on whether they contain anionic or cationic exchange groups. Applications include separation of similar ions, removal of interfering substances, and purification of organic compounds extracted in water.
This document discusses ion exchange resins and their applications in drug delivery and therapeutics. It begins by introducing ion exchange resins as insoluble polymers that can exchange counter-ions via electrostatic adsorption. It then covers the chemistry, classification into cation and anion exchangers, properties including cross-linking and capacity, and various formulation applications such as taste masking, dissolution enhancement, and stability improvement. Finally, it discusses drug delivery applications of ion exchange resins for oral, nasal, and transdermal delivery as well as ophthalmic formulations, highlighting examples of sustained release and pulsatile delivery profiles achieved.
Principles of Ion -exchange chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , chromatography generally stands for a technique which separates mixtures based on different dynamic sharing of their components between two distinct physio-chemical environments called mobile and stationary phase by repeated absorption/desorption steps. Ion chromatography (IC) is a member of large family of liquid phase
chromatographic methods (that is a mobile phase is a liquid and a stationary phase is a
solid).
This document summarizes a seminar on ion exchange chromatography. It introduces the topic, covering the basic principles of how ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules using stationary phases with positively or negatively charged groups. It then discusses the types of ion exchange resins, including classifications based on chemical nature and source. Examples of applications are given, such as separating similar ions, water softening, demineralization, separating sugars and amino acids. The document concludes by discussing some advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange chromatography.
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
This document provides an overview of ion-exchange chromatography. It discusses the history, principle, classification of resins, instrumentation, techniques, parameters, factors affecting resolution, and applications. Ion-exchange chromatography uses ion-exchange resins to separate ions based on their affinity for the resin. It has various applications in separating mixtures of ions like analyzing water quality, purifying biochemical compounds, and separating metals. Key factors that affect the resolution include the nature of ions, resin properties, chemical and physical variables like pH, temperature, and flow rate.
This document summarizes ion exchange chromatography. It describes how ion exchange chromatography works by exchanging ions between a charged stationary phase and sample ions in mobile phase. It discusses the different types of ion exchangers including resins, gels, and inorganic exchangers. Key factors that influence retention such as pH, ionic strength, and organic solvent content are also summarized. Finally, some common applications of ion exchange chromatography are highlighted such as separation of ions, water softening, and determination of analytes in various samples.
Ion exchange chromatography works under the principle of reversible adsorption and this method involves the separation of ions by using different types of exchange resins based on the ions to be separated.
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged molecules by exchanging them for ions attached to an insoluble matrix. It describes the principle of reversible ion exchange between oppositely charged molecules and the matrix. The document outlines the types of ion exchange resins used, including polystyrene and cellulose. It also discusses cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, factors affecting separation, and applications such as water softening and analyzing nucleic acids.
This document discusses methods for determining the composition and structure of metal chelates, including spectrophotometric and analytical methods. It describes the basics of spectrophotometry, including Beer's law and how it can be used to study metal chelate formation and composition. Two specific methods discussed for determining chelate composition are the method of continuous variation and the mole-ratio method. The method of continuous variation involves preparing solutions with varying ratios of metal and ligand concentrations while maintaining a constant total concentration, and observing the ratio that produces maximum chelate formation. The mole-ratio method involves preparing solutions with constant metal concentration and varying ligand-to-metal ratios to determine the ratio at which chelate formation plateaus.
CHEMISTRY OF F-BLOCK ELEMENTS BY K.N.S.SWAMI..pdf473.pdf.pdfUMAIRASHFAQ20
The document provides information about f-block elements, specifically lanthanides and actinides. It discusses their electronic configurations, oxidation states, properties like ionic radii and density that vary across the periods, as well as applications. Methods for separating lanthanides include ion exchange chromatography and solvent extraction, which exploit differences in hydration and complex formation across the series. While lanthanides have similar properties, actinides pose unique challenges for predicting electronic structure due to overlap of the 5f and 6d orbitals.
Ion exchange chromatography separates components based on their surface charge by using a stationary phase with oppositely charged functional groups. The document provides background on the history and development of ion exchange and other chromatography techniques. It explains the principles and applications of ion exchange chromatography, including how it uses resins and gradients to differentially elute ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase.
This document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle, types of ion exchange resins, practical requirements, factors affecting separation, and applications. Ion exchange chromatography separates ions based on their affinity for ion exchange resins through reversible ion exchange reactions. There are two main types of resins - cation exchange resins that separate cations and anion exchange resins that separate anions. Key factors that affect ion exchange separations are the nature of the ions and properties of the resins, such as cross-linking and swelling. Ion exchange chromatography has various applications, including water softening, producing deionized water, separating and purifying metals and ions, and analysis/purification in fields like biochemistry.
This document provides an overview of ion exchange chromatography. It defines ion exchange chromatography as a process that separates similar charged ions using an ion exchange resin. The document then classifies resins, describes the principles and apparatus of ion exchange chromatography, and lists some key factors that affect resolution. It also outlines several applications of ion exchange chromatography such as separating metal ions, analyzing water samples, and purifying biochemical compounds.
The document describes a study on using a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane for separating and concentrating gold(I) from aqueous cyanide media. The study used a liquid membrane of n-heptane immobilized on polypropylene hollow fibers, with LIX79 as the extractant. Experimental results showed the system was stable over long operation times. The membrane was able to efficiently separate gold(I) from other metal cyanides like silver, copper, nickel and iron, with high selectivity for gold(I). Sodium hydroxide was used as the stripping solution to effectively remove gold(I) into the receiving solution.
Ion chromatography separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for an ion exchanger. There are two main types: anion exchange and cation exchange. Ion exchange chromatography uses a stationary phase with ionizable functional groups that can bind to targeted molecules in a mixture. Cation exchange columns use a stationary phase like sulfonate groups, while anion exchange columns use quaternary ammonium groups. Ion exchange resins are made of polymers like polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene that are modified to introduce functional groups to attract cations or anions.
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, including its principle of separating ions and polar molecules based on their charge affinity for the ion exchanger. It covers various aspects of ion exchange chromatography such as classifications of resins, factors affecting separations, practical requirements like column materials and dimensions, and applications in areas like biochemistry, inorganic separations, and water analysis.
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle.
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is an important analytical technique used for the separation and determination of ionic compounds, together with ion-partition/interaction and ion-exclusion chromatography. It is based on the ionic interactions between ionic and polar analytes, ions present in the eluent and ionic functional groups fixed to the chromatographic support.
The document discusses the d-block and f-block elements. It describes the transition elements as having electrons in the d-orbital. The d-block elements are divided into four transition series based on their electronic configuration. Key properties of transition elements include variable oxidation states and catalytic and magnetic properties. The f-block elements are the lanthanides and actinides which have electrons in the 4f and 5f orbitals respectively. They exhibit lanthanide contraction which decreases their atomic radii across the period.
Ion exchange chromatography uses ion exchange resins to separate ionic compounds. The document discusses the principles and process of ion exchange chromatography. It involves an ionic compound binding electrostatically to functional groups on a solid resin through ion exchange. The ions can then be separated and eluted by changing the mobile phase solution. The document provides details on the types of ion exchange resins, factors affecting ion separation, and applications such as producing deionized water and separating amino acids and lanthanides.
This document provides information on ion exchange chromatography. It begins by describing Michael Tswett who first separated plant pigments using chromatography in 1906. It then discusses how chromatography can be used to separate mixtures with similar properties. The document outlines the basic principles of ion exchange chromatography, including that it relies on reversible exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble stationary phase. It provides details on cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, choice of buffers, applications, advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange chromatography.
Ion exchange chromatography is a process that separates charged ions using an ion exchange resin. The resin exchanges ions from a sample solution for ions on the resin surface according to their relative affinities. There are two main types of resins - cation exchange resins that attract positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that attract negatively charged ions. The separation occurs through reversible ion exchange between the ions in the sample and resin as the sample passes through a column packed with the resin. Ion exchange chromatography has applications in water softening, enzyme extraction, and purification and separation of ions, sugars, amino acids and proteins.
205064496-Water-Treatment-Calculations-Updated.pptxMarco Meza
The document provides information on various water treatment processes including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, ion exchange, and membrane processes like microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. The key steps in water treatment involve raw water storage, coagulant and pH adjustment, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and distribution. Membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes to separate particles and molecules of different sizes through processes like reverse osmosis, microfiltration and nanofiltration.
1. The document discusses column chromatography, which is a technique used to separate mixtures based on differential adsorption of substances onto a stationary phase.
2. Key aspects covered include the principle of column chromatography, types of adsorption (e.g. normal phase, reversed phase, ion exchange), factors that influence separation like nature of adsorbent and mobile phase, and applications like purification and analysis of mixtures.
3. Column chromatography works by flowing a mobile liquid phase over a packed stationary solid phase, allowing different substances in a mixture to migrate through the column at different rates based on their relative affinities for the mobile vs. stationary phases.
Pakistan; Removal of heavy metals from Water Through Adsorption Using SandV9X
This article examines the removal of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) from aqueous solutions using ordinary sand as an adsorbent. Batch experiments were conducted by adding sand to metal salt solutions and measuring metal concentration after 24 hours. The data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model well. The maximum amount of metal adsorbed to form a monolayer (am) was highest for Pb and lowest for Zn, indicating Pb's stronger interaction with sand. This preference is attributed to the metals' relative abilities to hydrolyze, with more easily hydrolyzed ions (like Pb2+) favoring chemisorption to silicate surface sites. The study concludes that while sand
This document provides examples of SQL queries based on various tables. It includes 15 sections with sample tables and SQL queries to retrieve information from those tables. The queries cover basic selects, filters, sorting, grouping, aggregation and other SQL operations. The document is a good reference for learning different types of SQL queries that can be written on various table structures.
This document contains SQL queries and HTML code. The SQL section includes 16 queries on an EMP table with sample data. Queries retrieve and filter employee data by name, salary, department, hire date and more. The HTML section includes one form with fields to collect a user's name, password, country, computer type, comments and a submit button.
This document contains 15 questions and answers related to Java programming. Each question asks the student to design a Java program to perform a specific task such as printing a table of numbers, calculating a Fibonacci series, or checking if a string is a palindrome. For each question, the student provides the code needed to solve the problem along with screenshots of a sample program preview and output.
content of cold drinks available in the market-chemistry investigatory projectSai Sathvick Chirakala
This chemistry project analyzes the contents of four popular cold drink brands - Coca Cola, Sprite, Limca, and Fanta. Through qualitative chemical tests, the student found that all drinks contained glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate ions, and carbon dioxide. The pH levels varied between brands, with Coca Cola being the most acidic. Specifically, Sprite was found to have the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide while Fanta had the minimum. In conclusion, while the drinks contained the same basic components, the amounts varied in each brand.
The document describes an experiment on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. It includes an aim to determine the law using a copper wire, iron rod and magnet. It also includes sections on the certificate, acknowledgement, apparatus, introduction explaining the theory behind electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday and Henry. The theory section defines magnetic flux and describes Faraday's law that the induced electromotive force in a closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. It concludes that Faraday's law has many applications and impacts our lives in powering technologies.
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Mass of coke = Volume x Density = 335 ml x 1 g/ml = 335 g
2) Temperature change = Room temperature (assume 70°F) - Coke temperature (35°F) = 70°F - 35°F = 35°F
3) Heat required to change temperature of coke = Mass x Heat capacity x Temperature change
= 335 g x 1 cal/g°C x 35°F/°C
= 335 x 1 x 35 = 11,725 cal
4) Convert calories to Joules: 11,725 cal x 4184 J/cal = 49,000 J
So the number
This poem tells the story of a frog who boasts of his singing abilities. One night, a nightingale sings beautifully and captivates the audience. The frog then offers to train the nightingale to improve her singing. He pushes her relentlessly through grueling practice sessions. The nightingale's singing becomes tired and unhappy. Eventually, the pressure causes the nightingale to have a fatal burst vein while singing. The frog concludes the nightingale was too weak, while he continues singing proudly in the bog.
The document discusses different types of triangles and rules for determining if triangles are congruent. It defines congruent figures as those that are equal in size and shape and can cover each other completely. It then provides four rules for triangle congruence: SAS, ASA, SSS, and RHS. These rules state that triangles are congruent if their corresponding sides and/or angles are equal.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. Chromatographic
• It is possible to realize the
liquid-liquid extraction of Extraction
metallic ions by another
technique: Ion exchange resin.
• An ion exchange resin is an
insoluble matrix (or support
structure) normally in the form
of small (1-2 mm diameter)
beads, usually white or
yellowish, fabricated from an • The trapping of ions takes
organic polymer substrate. The place only with
simultaneous releasing of
material has highly developed other ions; thus the
structure of pores on the process is called
surface of which are sites with ion exchange. There are
easily trapped and released multiple different types of
ions. ion exchange resin which
are fabricated to
selectively prefer one or
several different types of
2
ions.
3. • Advantages of chromatographic extraction
vs. liquid –liquid extraction are:
– Simplicity of use
– Realization of an important number of
successive equilibria in the chromatographic
column
3
4. • There are four main types differing in their
functional groups:
• strongly acidic (sulfonic acid groups, eg.
sodium polystyrene sulfonate or
polyAMPS)
• strongly basic, (trimethylammonium
groups, eg. polyAPTAC)
• weakly acidic (carboxylic acid groups)
• weakly basic (amino groups, eg.
polyethylene amine)
4
5. • TBP absorbed on porous silica that is
hydrophobic by adding methyl groups onto its
surface is used to extract U(VI) and Pu(IV) from
nitric acid solutions.
• Very sensitive separation such as Es 3+ and Fm3+
can be possible, by chromatographic extraction
on column where the stationary phase is
composed of HDEHP/Celite.
• Even though the separation factor KdFm3+/Kd Es3+ =
2.2, an excellent separation is achieved.
5
6. Es(III)/Fm(III) separation by
chromatographic extraction
• Column = HDEHP
8.8% mass/celite,
• S = 0.062 cm2,
• H = 10cm
• Eluent = 0.41M
HNO3
• Flow =
1.1mL/cm2/mm
• T = 60°C
6
7. Ion Exchange resins
• Generalities
• Ion exchange resins are organic polymer
containing polystyrene chains linked
between themselves by divinyl benzene
bridges (DVB).
• On the polymer chains, sulfonic groups
SO3H or quaternary ammonium groups
R4N+ can be added.
7
8. • In the case of sulfonic resins, the proton
can be replaced by metallic actions; the
resin is cationic exchanger.
• In the case of quaternary ammonium
resins, the positive charge must be
neutralized by an anion X- (R4N+, X-), this
anion can be constituted of an anionic
metallic complex MXn(n-m)- with
– n: number of ligands linked to the metal
– m: metallic ion charge,
these resins are anionic exchangers
8
9. Other important parameters
• Exchange capacity
– Expressed in eq/g (dry resin) of monovalent ions H+ (cationic
resin) or anions X- (anionic resin) which enables the
determination of the limiting quantity of metallic ion absorbed by
gram of resin.
– If q0 is the maximum exchange capacity for a monovalent ion, for
a divalent ion, the saturation will be obtained for q0/2. etc…
• Bridging Rate
– Percentage of DVB in the resin which influences the ion
exchange kinetics between phases. The Kinetics to obtain
equilibrium is more rapid when X is low.
• Particle size analysis
– Expressed in mesh (inversely proportional to the diameter of the
spherical grains of the resin ). Partition equilibrium are reached
faster for resins with low particle size (high value of mesh).
9
10. KD
• The partition of a metallic ions M between an
aqueous phase and the ion exchange resin is
characterized by the partition coefficient KD
• KD = CMR * CMa-1
• With CMR = concentration of M in the resin (Mole
for a gram of resin)
• CMa-1 = concentration of M in the aqueous phase
in mole/L
• The dimension of KD is L/g
10
11. Capacity
• Capacity is defined as the number of counter-ion equivalents in a specified amount
of material. Capacity and related data are primarily used for two reasons:- for
characterizing ion-exchange materials, and for use in the numerical calculation of
ion-exchange operations. Capacity can be defined in numerous ways:
• 1. Capacity (Maximum capacity, ion-exchange capacity) Definition : Number of
inorganic groups per
• specified amount of ion-exchanger
• 2. Scientific Weight Capacity Units : meq/g dry H+ or Cl− form
• 3. Technical Volume Capacity Units: eq/liter packed bed in H+ or Cl− form and fully
water-swollen
• 4. Apparent Capacity (Effective Capacity) Definition : Number of exchangeable
counter ions per specified amount of ion exchanger. Units : meq/g dry H+ or Cl
form (apparent weight capacity). Apparent capacity is lower than maximum
capacity when inorganic groups are incompletely ionized ; depends on
experimental conditions (pH, conc. ,etc)
• 5. Sorption Capacity. Definition : Amount of solute , taken up by sorption rather
than by exchange, per specified amount of ion exchanger
• 6. Useful Capacity Definition : Capacity utilized when equilibrium is not attained
Used at low ion exchange rates Depends on experimental conditions (ion-
exchange rate, etc.)
• 7. Breakthrough Capacity ( Dynamic Capacity) Definition : Capacity utilized in
column operation, Depends on operating conditions
11
12. Characteristics of a
chromatographic column
• Diameter: Φ
• Height H
• Optimal ratio H/ Φ ~ 10
• Interstitial volume or dead volume which
corresponds to the volume around the
resin grains.
12
13. 2 paths for separation by
chromatography
• Development by elution for small amount
of metallic ions to be separated
• Development by displacement in the case
of important quantity of matter to be
separated
13
14. Cationic Resins
• Actinides elements are absorbed onto the
cationic exchange resins (sulfonic, strong acid)
as a function of the charge. The affinity of the
cationic resin is:
MO2+<MO2 2+ <M 3+ <M 4+
The reaction equation is
Kex
n + + nHR ← → MR + nH +
M n
With M n+ = actinide ion, HR: resin under acidic
form, MRn is the metallic compound formed in
the resin
14
15. • In the case of the absorption of tetravalent
actinides or trivalent actinides, we observe an
extreme sensibility of the partition coefficient
KD to the pH of the aqueous solutions.
• Consequently, to master the partition of ions
between the 2 phases, the resin is often used
under the form NH4+, the equilibrium is no
more dependent on the pH:
n + + nNH R ← +
M 4 → MRn + nNH 4
15
16. • The used of cationic resins is used
especially for the investigation of An(III)
behavior.
• This method is at the origin of the
discovery of the transplutonium elements
which exist exclusively in aqueous solution
as ions M(III).
• This method also is used to study the
formation of complexes between M n+ and
ligands in aqueous solution.
16
17. Absorption characteristics of Am(III) and Cm(III) and
Lanthanides (III) towards the resin DOWEX 50X4 (under
H+ form)
17
18. • One can notice that the reactions occur
because of the strong associated entropic
variations.
• Two actinides (III) have the same affinity
towards the resin (∆G is quite similar).
18
19. Distribution of
Am(III), Pu(III)
and Pm(III) with
cationic resins.
Influence of the
acid
concentration
on KD
a,c = Resin
DOWEX
b= resin C 50
19
20. • For acidic concentration
<3M, the increase of the
acidity implies a decrease
in KD (exchange
M3+/3H+)
• The KD values for a
metal are very close and
are independent of the
nature of the acid. This is
du to the fact that the
nitrato and chloro
complexes of actinides
(III) have a weak stability.
• Furthermore the KD do
not depend on the Z of
the element
20
21. • These systems are not favorable for a
separation of actinides between
themselves or the separation of actinides
and lanthanides.
21
23. Separation factor for the An(III) from
transplutonium (Am to Md) elements for the
system resin DOWEX 50 * 12 with
ammonium hydroxycarboxylate solutions
23
25. Anionic Resin
• The absorption of metallic ions by a
anionic resin is possible if the metallic ion
M n+ forms with the anionic ligand X- one or
several anionic complexes MXn (m-n)- . The
anion X- is often = Cl-, SCN-, NO3-, SO42-.
• Since only few metallic ions can form such
complexes, extremely selective separation
can be realized.
25
26. -Not Absorbed
+ Absorbed
++ Strongly Absorbed
Medium Chloride Nitrate Sulfate
Actinide HCl MCl HNO3 MNO3 H2SO4 M2SO4
M(III) - ++ - ++ - -
M(IV) ++ ++ ++ - + +
M(V) - - _ ++ - -
M(VI) ++ ++ _ ++ + ++
Affinity of actinides for anion exchange resin as a function 26
of the oxidation state and acid or acid salt
27. • From the previous table we wee that:
– Actinides M(IV) and M(VI) are the most
susceptible to be sorbed as anionic
complexes.
– The absorption of M 3+ ions is not possible
from solution HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4, on the
other side actinides M 3+ can be sorbed by the
salts MCl and MNO3 in concentrated solutions.
27
28. • Among the most important systems, the
absorption of U(VI) from sulfate medium or
Pu(IV) from concentrated HNO3 are going
to be presented because they present an
industrial interest
• U(VI), purification of U from the sulfuric
liquors used to attack the minerals
• Pu(IV), final purification of Pu in certain
reprocessing plants
28
29. U(VI) in sulfate medium (1)
• U(VI) can exits in sulfate medium as
• Find the complexes of U sulfate.
• The 2 anionic forms of U(VI) sulfate can be
absorbed on an anionic resin as:
K1
2 − ←→ R UO ( SO ) + SO 2 −
R2 SO4 + UO2 ( SO4 )2 2 2 4 2 4
4 − ←2 → R UO ( SO ) + 2 SO 2 −
2 R2 SO4 + UO2 ( SO4 )3
K
4 2 4 3 4
• For a ionic strength of 0.3,
• K1 = 230 and K2 = 262
29
30. U(VI) in sulfate medium (2)
• A reaction is competing and is not in favor for
the formation of the sulfato U(VI) complexes,
the absorption of the bisulfate ions HSO4- whose
the quantity increases with the increase of H 2SO4
concentration:
K
− ←3 → 2 RH ( SO ) + SO 2 −
R2 SO4 + 2 HSO4 4 4
• With K3 = 17.5 (for ionic strength of 0.3)
30
32. • In H2SO4, the increase of the
acidity of the medium,
corresponds to a decrease
of KDU(VI).
• If the absorption of U(VI) is
excellent for H2SO4 = 0.1M
(KD = 103 mL/g) , it
becomes mediocre for
H2SO4 = 1M (KD = 6 mL/g).
• This is due to the
competition with the HSO4-
ions for the resin sites.
• For (NH4)2SO4, the effect is
not as strong.
32
33. • The behavior of Th(IV)
is quite similar to U(VI)
but displaced with 2
order of magnitudes
for KD values.
• Separation of
U(VI)/Th(IV) are
consequently possible
with a selective
absorption of U(VI).
33
34. • The extraction of U(VI) by anion resins in sulfate
medium is a very selective method which
separates U(VI) from numerous metallic ions:
M+ (alkalines), Tl+, Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+
, Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ , Sb 3+ , Ln 3+ (rare
earth)…
• After its absorption on the anionic resin (SO4 2- ),
uranium can be eluted from the chromatographic
column by the seepage of an aqueous solution
that contains anions which have a bigger affinity
for the resin than the ions SO4 2- have.
• The ions are Cl-, NO3-, ClO4-
34
35. Elution of U(VI) from an anionic resin (SO 42- )
Eluent: 0.9M NaCl, 0.1M HCl
Flow: 8.4 mL/cm2/mn
Column diameter = 5cm, H = 122 cm
35
36. • The elution peak of SO42-
ions is obtained for a
volume of eluent = 1V
while the elution peak for
U(VI) is obtained for a
volume of eluent = 2.5V.
• The elution peak of the
U(VI) is large, which is
probably due to the
greater eluent speed onto
the column
36
37. Pu(IV) in HNO3 medium (1)
• Tetravalent Pu has a tendency to form
anionic complexes with NO3- ions in very
concentrated HNO3 solutions or in
concentrated nitrates solutions (LiNO 3,
Ca(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3
• Important ions NO3- concentrations are
necessary because the stability constants
of Pu(IV) nitrate complexes are generally
weak.
37
38. Pu(IV) in HNO3 medium (2)
Pu( NO3 ) 3+ , K = 10
1
Pu( NO3 )2 2 + , K = 100.36
2
This property (weak stability constant)
is unique for M(IV) in concentrated
HNO3 medium
38
39. Pu(IV) in HNO3 medium (3)
• The absorption reaction of Pu(IV) by anion
resins (NO3- form) can be written as:
2 RNO3 + Pu 4 + + 4 NO − ←
3 → R2 Pu ( NO3 )6
• Which means that the anionic nitrato complex of
Pu(IV) is formed in the resin
39
40. Influence of [NO3-] on the extraction of Pu(IV)
by the resin DOWEX 1X4 (50 to 100 mesh)
40
41. • In every cases, we observe a
strong increase of KD with
NO3-, the curves have a
maximum for NO3- = 7 to 7.5M
• Ca(NO3)2 is a more favorable
medium for the extraction of
Pu(IV) than HNO3 medium,
because of the formation of
compounds such as
HPu(NO3)6- and H2Pu(NO3)6 in
the aqueous solutions
• Increase of temperature does
not favor a good absorption of
Pu onto DOWEX 1X4
41
42. Pu(IV) in HNO3 medium (4)
• The absorption of Pu(IV) by anion resins is an
extreme slow process, it can take several
months at ambient temperature to reach the
equilibrium.
• The desorption of Pu absorbed on anionic resins
column can take place by
– Seepage of diluted HNO3
– Reduction of Pu(IV) by hydroxylammonium nitrate
(NH3OHNO3)
– Displacement of anions by percolation of HClO4
solutions
42
43. Pu(IV) in HNO3 medium (5)
• By an absorption/desorption cycle on
anionic resins (NO3-), Pu can be separated
from a big variety of contaminants.
• Next table is presenting the performances
of a cycle of purification
43
44. Separation of Pu from impurities by anionic exchange at 60°C
element Initial Pu in ppm Final Pu in ppm Decontamination
Factor
Ag 105 <2 >5*104
Al 105 <13 >7.7*103
Ca 105 <5 >2*104
Cr 105 5 2*104
Cu 105 10 104
Fe 2*106 45 4.4*104
K 105 <5 >2*104
Li 105 <1 >105
Mg 105 20 5*103
Mn 104 2 5*103
Na 104 20 5*102
Ni 105 <10 >104
Column: 0.28 cm2, H = 90cm, Resin DOWEX 1X4, 44
Wash: 15 volumes, 7.2M HNO Flow: 10 mL/cm2/mn