Class cestoidea part 1.pptx
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This document discusses the class Cestoidea and two tapeworm species, Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. It provides details on the general characteristics, life cycles, transmission, and pathogenic significance of T. saginata and T. solium. It also covers the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of teniasis and cysticercosis, as well as prevention methods. Students are assigned tasks to examine slides of the proglottides and draw the key features of T. saginata and T. solium under magnification.
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Direct current (DC) therapy, also known as galvanization therapy, uses low voltage DC to treat tissues and reduce pain. DC is more likely than alternating current (AC) to cause muscle tetanus and "freeze" victims during electrical accidents. Galvanization therapy increases blood flow and promotes healing by improving tissue metabolism. It is applied using dry or moist electrodes in transverse, longitudinal, or dotted patterns. While it can treat conditions like pain and inflammation, galvanization therapy should not be used for acute issues, cancers, or in patients with poor heart health.
Cestoidea II (1).pptx
This document discusses four parasitic tapeworms - Diphyllobotrium latum, Hymenolepis nana, Echinococcus granulosus, and Alveococcus multilocularis - that can cause human disease. It provides control questions about the morphological peculiarities, distribution, life cycle, transmission, and pathogenic significance of each parasite. It also discusses laboratory diagnostics and prevention of the diseases caused by each parasite. Finally, it lists tasks for examining specimens of Diphyllobotrium latum and hydatid cysts of E.multilocularis under microscopes.
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This document outlines the topics and assignments for a practical lesson on cell morphology and membrane transport. The topics covered include the Cell Theory, organelle structures and functions, cell membrane composition and transport. Homework assignments include drawing the ultrastructure of an eukaryotic cell, drawing a chemical model of the plasma membrane, and classification of organelles. Class work includes observing chloroplast movement in plant cells under a microscope and observing the effects of a hypertonic solution on onion skin cells through plasmolysis.
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This document discusses allergy and hypersensitivity. It defines allergy as a disorder of the immune system where allergic reactions occur to normally harmless environmental substances known as allergens. Hypersensitivity reactions are excessive, undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system that require a pre-sensitized immune state. There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions classified by Gell and Coombs based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction: type I is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE and mast cells; type II involves IgG or IgM; type III involves IgG, complement and immune complexes; and type IV is delayed hypersensitivity mediated by cell-mediated immune memory responses.
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Inflammation is characterized by cardinal signs such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain. It involves a complex series of events including increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and migration of leukocytes. Mediators like histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are released from cells to induce and propagate the inflammatory response through effects on blood vessels and immune cells. Acute inflammation resolves within days while chronic inflammation persists long-term and can cause tissue damage.
addictiveandpsychotropicdrugs-130906114151-.pptx
This document discusses psychoactive drugs, also known as psychotropic or psychopharmaceutical drugs. It provides definitions and describes how these drugs affect the central nervous system and alter perceptions, moods, and behaviors. The document also summarizes key points about the history of psychoactive drug use, common classes of psychotropic drugs, their medical and non-medical uses, methods of administration, effects on neurochemistry, risks of addiction, and regulations around legality.
narcoticandnon-narcoticanalgesics-151112065434-lva1-app6892 (1).pptx
- Nociception is the transmission of noxious stimuli to the CNS, while pain is a subjective experience. Pain receptors transmit signals that result in pain perception.
- There are different types of pain including acute vs chronic, nociceptive vs neuropathic, somatic vs visceral, and referred pain.
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adrenergicneurotransmission-190131061307.pptx
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- 1. Theme: Class Cestoidea: Taenia saginata, Taenia solium II. Control questions: 1. General characteristics of class Cestoda. 2. Medical importance of cestodes. 3. Taenia saginata: morphological peculiarities, distribution, life cycle, transmission, pathogenic significance. 4. Taenia solium: morphological peculiarities, distribution, life cycle, transmission, pathogenic significance 5. Clinical manifestation and laboratory diagnosis of teniasis, cysticercosis. 6. Prevention of teniasis, cysticercosis.
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