This document presents information on Taeniasis (tapeworm infection) caused by Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) and Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm). It discusses the life cycles, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of both tapeworm species. The presentation was given by Abubakar M. Adam at Mekelle University College of Veterinary Medicine for their postgraduate program in Zoonosis and Food Safety. Key details include the adult tapeworms living in the intestines of humans, cysticercosis occurring when humans are infected by the larval form, and transmission happening through ingestion of undercooked pork or beef containing tapeworm eggs.

1. MEKELLE UNIVERSITY
College of Veterinary Medicine
Postgraduate of Zoonosis and Food
Safety.
Zoonosis and Communicable Diseases.
Assignmet presentation for Taeniasis.
Presented by: Abubakar M. Adam (DVM, MSC Candidate )
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2. Objectives
Introduction
Predilection sites of parasites
Etiology
 Know of Teania solium and Teania saginata
classification and Geographical distribution.
 Study of Teania solium and Teania saginata External
Morphology ,Life cycle, Mode of Transmission.
 Symptoms of Teaniasis disease.
 Diagnosis of Teania solium and Teania saginata.
 Treatment and prevention.
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3. Introduction
 The adult tapeworms live in the intestines of the
definitive hosts. This infection is called taeniasis.
Humans are the definitive hosts for Taenia solium
(the pork tapeworm) and T. saginata (the beef
tapeworm). Humans are also the definitive hosts
for T. asiatica, a newly recognized tapeworm found
in Asia.
Animals are the definitive hosts for T. crassiceps,
T. ovis, T. taeniaeformis, T. hydatigena, T.
multiceps, T. serialis and T. brauni.
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4. Conti…. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than the adult
tapeworms. There are two forms of larval infection,
cysticercosis and coenurosis.
 Cysticercosis
Infection with the larval form of Taenia
solium, T. saginata, T. crassiceps T. ovis,
T. taeniaeformis or T. hydatigena is
called cysticercosis.
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5. Coenurosis
 Infection with the larval forms of T. multiceps, T. serialis
and T. brauni is called Coenurosis.
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6. Predilection sites of these parasites
 T. solium cysticerci are found mainly in the skeletal or
cardiac muscles, liver, heart and brain. In humans, this
species is most often found in the subcutaneous tissues,
skeletal muscles, eyes and brain disease is almost always
caused by cysticerci in the CNS (neurocysticercosis) .
 T. saginata in cattle and T. ovis in sheep are found mainly
in the muscles.
 T. asiatica and T. taeniaeformis cysticerci are usually found
in the liver, while T. hydatigena is also found in the
abdominal cavity.
 T. crassiceps larvae are usually found in the subcutaneous
tissues, and peritoneal or pleural cavities.
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7. Teania solium
and
Teania saginata
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8. Taenia saginata
(Beef Tapeworm)
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9. Taenia spp. are long,
segmented, parasitic tapeworms.
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10.  T. saginata is a long flattened ribbon-like
tapeworm that is white in color.
 It is about 6 to 7 milimeters in width. The
adult T. saginata usually grows to be about 4 to 8
meters in length.
 it has 4 suckers but no hooks.
T saginata matures in 10 to 12 weeks.
Adult T. saginata can be 4-25 meters long,
although most are 5 meters or less. They can live
for 5 to 20 years or more.
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12. Distribution
 Infections with T. saginata occur wherever
contaminated raw beef is eaten, particularly in Eastern
Europe, Russia, eastern Africa and Latin America.
 Taeniasis due to T. saginata is in places where cattle
and people are concentrated and sanitation is poor,
such as around feed lots when cattle can be exposed to
human feces.
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13. T. Saginata lifecyle
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14. Conti…
1. Eggs or gravid proglottids passes in
feces and sheds to
environment(diagnostic stage).
2. Cattle ingested feed containing eggs or
gravid proglottids.
3. Oncospheres hatchs and penetrate to
intestine walls and circulate to
masculature.
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15. Conti..
4.Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in
muscles(infection stage).
5.Humans infected by ingesting uncooked or raw
meat.
Transmission
 Ingestion of infected meal.
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16. Teania saginata Egg
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17. Taenia solium
(Pork Tapeworm)
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18. Morphology of T. solium
 T. solium is a flattened like tapeworm that is white in
color. Although it is very morphologically similar to
the T. saginata.
 T. solium is slightly shorter and have a modified
scolex.
 The attachment organ, or scolex, has 4 large suckers
with a double row of hooks.
 The adult tape worm grows to be about 6mm in width
and 2-7 m in length with about 800 segments.
 T. solium main 5 to 12 weeks.
 Adult T. solium are 2-7 m long and may live for up to
25 years
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20. Distribution
T. solium are more prevalent in under-
developed communities with poor
sanitation and where people eat raw or
undercooked pork. Higher rates of
illness have been seen in people in
Latin America, Eastern Europe, sub-
Saharan Africa, India, and Asia.
It is a rare in Muslim countries.
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21. Life cycle & Transmission 0f T.solium
1. T. solium has a very similar transmission to T. saginata.
Humans are the only known definitive hosts for the
T. solium.
2. Human infection begins with the ingestion of
infected raw or undercooked pork.
3. The T. solium larvae gets digested out of the meat and
attaches itself to the upper small intestine region.
4. There it will mature and increase its number of
segments.
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22. Symptoms
Symptoms associated with tapeworm
infection. For both the T. saginata and
T. solium, patients have had:
 Diarrhea.
Constipation.
 Flatulence.
 Hunger pain,
 Weight loss, and appendicitis.
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23. Diagnosis
 T. saginata and T. solium are virtually identical in
morphology. However, identification at the species
level can be made by the number of lateral uterine
branches in the gravid and differing scolexes.
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T. saginata has 15 to 20 branches T. solium has 7 to 13 branches

24. Diagnosis
 Stool examination
 CT Scan.
 PCR
 MRI
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25. Treatment
Both T. saginata and T. solium are
treated with oral medication, usually in
a single dose of the drug niclosamide.
Therapy is usually very successful and
most cases are completely eradicated.
Praziquantal
Surgery when they cause obstruction.
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26. Prevention & Control
i. To cook meat to safe temperatures.
ii. A food thermometer should be used to
measure the internal temperature of cooked
meat.
iii. Only bottled water, filtered water, or water
that has been boiled for at least one minute
should be drunk.
iv. Human sewage can contain Taenia eggs and
should not be used to irrigate crops.
v. Do not sample meat until it is cooked.
vi. Health Education.
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