Class 9 av aids d.kavitha puppets& exhibition

CLASS -9
EDUCATIONAL AIDS
THREE DIMENSIONAL
AUDIOVISUAL AIDS-
D.KAVITHA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN NURSING
DEPARTMENT Obs& Gyn
MPG&RIHS,PUDUCHERRY
KAVITHA DURAIRAJ , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR 8.9.2020 1
1

PUPPETRY
EXHIBITION
2KAVITHA DURAIRAJ , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR 8.9.2020

Began around 30,000 YEARS
BC
 Used in most human societies
 Communicate ideas and needs
 Probably pre-date actors in
Theatre
 A great deal of puppetry involves
storytelling
3
KAVITHA DURAIRAJ , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR 8.9.2020

EGYPT
 2000 BC
 String operated figures used to knead bread
 Wire controlled, articulated puppets of clas
and ivory found in Egyptian tombs
 Hieroglyphs describe “walking statues” in
religious rituals
 Earliest written records: Xenophone 422BC
4

ASIA
 Indus valley Civilization
 String Controllable
Terracotta dolls-2500 BC
 Stick puppet animals
 The Mahabharata and
other literature describe
puppets
5

INDIA
 Probably the birthplace of puppets
 4000 years ago
 Sanskrit plays – “Sutradhara” (the holder of
strings)
 Puppetry described in detail in the Natya
Shastra and the Kamasutra
 Influenced the Javanese Wayang theatre
6

CHINA
 Dates back 2000 years
 Predates other theatre forms
 “Theatre of the Lantern Shadows“
(shadow puppetry)
 String marionettes are the oldest
marionette puppet.
 Glove puppets are the most popular theatrical
form in Taiwan
7

JAPAN
 Bunraku developed out of Shinto temple
rites
 Became a sophisticated form of
puppetry.
 Initially consisting of one puppeteer, by
1730 three puppeteers were used to
operate each puppet in full view of the
audience.
 The puppeteers, dressed all in black,
were invisible against a black
background
 Torches illuminated only the wooden
puppets.
8

TYPES OF PUPPETS
Hand Puppets
Marionettes
Finger Puppets
Rod Puppets
Shadow Puppets
Other Styles of Puppets
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HAND PUPPETS
Hand puppets are
placed over the
puppeteer's hand,
allowing him to
manipulate the
puppet's features
(head, mouth,
hands, etc.) with his
fingers.
10

MOUTH PUPPETS
Mouth puppets are usually
glove/hand puppets – the
thing that distinguishes
them is a moveable mouth.
Fingers and thumb are
inserted into the top and
bottom of the puppet mouth
to manipulate it as if it were
talking. Many of the
Muppets are mouth
puppets.
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GLOVE PUPPETS
Glove puppets are hand
puppets. The glove puppet
fits over the hand like a
glove with openings for the
different puppet parts to
manipulated separately with
different fingers and the
thumb. It can also be a
collection of finger puppets
with each finger operating a
different puppet. Or it can
be a simple puppet that sits
on the hand and “crawls”
along the floor.
12

SOCK PUPPETS
Another simple type of
puppet, often made for
children, is the sock
puppet. It is also a form of
hand or glove puppet but
is made from a sock, or
made to look so. It is then
decorated with eyes, hair,
and other features to give
it personality. It is operated
using the fingers and the
thumb to open and close
the mouth or allow it to
have expression.
13

FINGER PUPPETS
Finger puppets are very
small puppets that fit
over a single finger.
They aren't as articulate
as other puppets, but
their size permits a
number of them to be
operated by the same
puppeteer.
14

ROD PUPPETS
Rod puppets use sticks
Or metal rods to move
The head, body, hands
and legs of the figure.
The rods are
usually manipulated
from beneath the
puppet.
15

MAROTTE PUPPETS
The marotte is the most
elementary form of rod
puppet. Originally, the word
marotte referred to a jester’s
stick: a wand topped with a
head that was trimmed with
ribbons and bells.
Today, the term marotte
refers to a puppet controlled
from below with a single
central rod.
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POP UP PUPPETS
Another style of rod puppet
is the pop up puppet.
A cone or cup with
a rod through it and a
puppet hidden inside. When
the rod is pushed up, the
puppet appears. It is similar
in style to a jack-in-the-box.
17

PADDLE PUPPETS
Another simple puppet, is a
paddle puppet. The puppet
is a body attached to a
paddle with an extension
that is controlled by the
puppeteer. The puppet is
articulated and connected
with string or elastic bands.
When the extension is
worked, the puppet moves
or dances.
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BODY PUPPETS
The body puppet is a rod or
string puppet where the
puppeteer’s face and/or
hands/arms are visible to
the audience as part of the
puppet. The rest of the
body, in front of a screen, is
manipulated by the strings
or rods or simple movement
of the screen fabric.
19

WATER PUPPETS
Another Eastern style of puppet
can be found almost exclusively in
Vietnam.
The puppets are made out of
lacquered wood. The shows are
performed in a waist-deep pool.
A rod supports the puppet under
the water and is used by the
hidden puppeteers to control
them. The puppets appear to
be moving over the water.
Traditionally, when the rice fields
would flood, the villagers would
entertain each other.
20

SHADOW PUPPETS
Shadow puppets are
often a form of rod
puppet, and they
consist of a flat
silhouette rather than
an articulated figure.
They are frequently
cast from behind a lit
cloth, creating
shadow characters
that act out a story.
21

SHOULDER PUPPETS
These puppets can be simple
or complex. They are related to
rod puppets but are controlled
by a cable instead of a rod.
They are more recent in design
than most puppets and can
even be controlled remotely.
They are very popular at
Renaissance fairs. The cable
runs down the operator’s arm
and can be pulled as desired.
Additional movements can be
created using shoulder and
arm movements.
22

BUNRAKU PUPPETS
Any Bunraku puppet is
extremely complex. Each
puppet requires three
puppeteers to bring it to life
and the puppeteers are fully
visible to the audience. The
plays can take a full day to
complete. These two
characteristics make
Bunraku completely
different from any other
puppet theatre in the world.
23

MARIONETTES
Marionettes are
controlled by a series of
strings or wires
attached to the puppet's
limbs and suspended by
a wooden cross. The
puppeteer manipulates
the cross and strings to
make the puppet move.
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VENTRILOQUIST PUPPETS
Just don't call it a dummy! Ventriloquism is lots of fun, but
it too takes a great deal of practice. The puppet has a
slotted mouth that works on a trigger. A good vent figure
will also have multiple eye movement and eyebrows.
25

MUPPET PUPPETS
Muppets are puppets created in 1955
by Jim Henson, they are the
namesake for the Disney media
franchise that encompasses films,
television series, music recordings,
print publications, and other media
associated with The Muppet
Show characters. Henson once stated
that the term "Muppet" had been
created as a blend of the words
"marionette" and "puppet". Most are a
combination of mouth and rod
puppetry
26

ANIMATRONIC PUPPETS
Animatronics is a multi-disciplinary
field integrating anatomy, robots,
mechatronics and puppetry.
Animatronic figures are often powered
by pneumatics, hydraulics, or by
electrical means, and can use both
computer and human control. Figures
are covered with plastic, and finished
with colors, hair and feathers and
other components to make the figure
more realistic. They are often used in
films, museums and “live” action
shows.
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EXHIBITION
28KAVITHA DURAIRAJ , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR 8.9.2020

DEFINITION
 Is a planned display of models, charts,
specimens, posters etc., to present the public
view for instruction and to put in a competition,
advertising or entertainment". Gilbert
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TYPES
 1.EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITION.
 2. CONSUMER EXHIBITION.
 3. TRADE EXHIBITION.
30

EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITION
 Educational exhibitions are conducted in
educational institutions to educate the
learners.
 Generally these are organized by the
students.
31

CONSUMER EXHIBITION
 These are horizontal markets.
 • They usually involve a large range of
products from a number of different industries
on display to the general public.
32

TRADE EXHIBITION
 Are generally designed to meet the needs of
one particular type of business or product or
country.
 only people involved in the field are invited to
attend.
33

PURPOSE
 To inculcate in the minds of the students the
educational needs to have an enquiry
approach rather than a mere store house of
information.
34

CONT..
 To achieve specialized knowledge among
students and aim to consider learning as an
adventure through exhibition.
 To develop student's abilities in imagination
and train them to focus on facts and figures in
a manner that will attract the attention of
viewers.
35

 To reveal the ideas clearly and effectively.
 To stimulate team spirit among students.
 To promote understanding.
36

CONT
 To summarize the activities that have been
completed and emphasizing their meaning.
 To influence people to adopt better practices
by arousing interest, stimulating thought and
getting action.
37

CONT
 To acquaint the public with better standards by
teaching facts.
 • To promote participation in or to raise money
for some public cause or activity.
38

CONT
 To give recognition to people or institutions by
enabling them to display their products.
 To create market for certain commodities.
39

STEPS INVOLVED IN
ORGANIZING AN EXHIBITION
STEP-1 ASSESSMENT
 Assess the purpose of exhibition.
 Assess the level of knowledge of the persons
for whom exhibition is displayed.
 Plan the exhibition according to the curricular
requirement.
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STEP 2- PLANNING
 A successful exhibit starts with a plan, based
on the purpose for which the exhibit is to be
used.
 The plan should be visualized and this is
called a "lay out". This is a rough outline with
details.
 The layout provides a way of evaluating the
finished project as to clarity of the message,
attractiveness, completeness etc.
41

CONT
 Although exhibits do not have to be works of
arts, but they should be pleasing, attractive,
colourful and capable of communicating the
intended message.
 A variety of specialized devices may be
employed for the arrangements of exhibits
which can be used for the classroom teaching
as well as for commercial purpose
42

 Decide upon the type of exhibits, considering
the needs of audience and specific purpose.
 Consult local leaders and get their co
operation.
 Distribute relevant literature.
 The workshop must have the power to attract.
43

STEP-3- REQUESITES
 The exhibition should have a central theme
with a few sub theme to focus attention to a
particular topic.
 • It should be clearly labled.
44

CONT..
 The exhibits should be placed that most
visitors can see them.
 Since exhibition is meant to be mainly seen,
the place and the exhibits should be well
lighted. (sound system could also be
arranged).
45

 The exhibition must have some exhibits with
operative mechanisms such as switches or
levers to be operated by the visitors to observe
some happenings
 The exhibition must include a lot of
demonstration as this will involve both
students & the visitors alike.
46

 The exhibition should be able to relate various
subjects areas to provide integrated learning.(
DEMONSTRATION)
47

STEP- 4 – PREPARATION
 Exhibits must be well prepared such that your
message is understood by the visitors, in a
short time taken by them to walk by the
exhibits.
 Make it simple.
 Limit one idea per booth or section.
 Make the workshop timely.
 Make it durable if possible
48

CONT…
 Make the workshop attractive.
 Label legibly and briefly.
 The exhibit should be well lighted.
 See that the exhibits are so arranged as to tell the
story without need for intrepreters. Have a one
way plan which follows the development of the
subject matter
49

CONT..
 • If interpreters are arranged let them be
thoroughly informed and precise in their
explanation.
 • Give adequate publicity, both in advance and
after the exhibition is over.
 The colours may be carefully planned.
 • Use sounds and variety in the nature of
exhibits.
50

STEP-5- SELECTION OF
PLACE
 The exhibition should be within the reach of
the viewers.
 The area of exhibition room should be
sufficient to display the exhibits
 There should be sufficient place for the
viewers of the exhibition to move about.
51

STEP-6 DISPLAY
 Keep the exhibition (exhibits) at a height not
less than 2 feet and not more than 6 feet from
the floor.
 Action exhibits atract attention.
 Place the exhibits in such a place that it is
certain to be seen.
 An exhibit is seen, not read. Therefore the
message must be presented in a way as to be
understood in a glance.
52

 • Motion attracts attention, so motion pictures
or motion figures can be utilized.
53

STEP-7 EVALUATION
 Evaluate effectiveness of exhibition by
analyzing attendance enquires and requests.
 Exhibits must be free from prejudices.
54

ADVANTAGES
 It eminently suits to teach illiterates.
 It promotes public relations and goodwill
towards extension.
 Creates market for certain products.
 Creates a competitive spirit.
 • It reduces verbalism.
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• It makes learning activity more meaningful.
• It gives concreteness to abstract ideas.
• It gives dainty to learning situations.
• It gives reality to learning situation.
• Workshop gives vividness to learning situation.
• It helps in international understanding.
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DISADVANTAGES
 It requires much preparation and investment.
 It cannot lend itself to all topics and cannot be
frequently or widely used.
 The whole process is expensive.
 It needs electricity
 It may create some negative impression
among audience.
 Many exhibits are arranged as a matter of
routine without specific teaching aim
57

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