Crops are plants that are grown and cultivated on a large scale. There are two main types of crops - kharif crops which are sown during the rainy season like rice, maize, and soybean, and rabi crops which are grown in winter like wheat, gram, and mustard. Basic practices for crop production include preparing the soil, sowing seeds by hand or with a seed drill, adding manures and fertilizers to provide nutrients, irrigating crops using various traditional and modern methods, and harvesting and storing the crops.

2. CROP
When plants of same kind are grown and cultivated at
one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
TYPES OF CROPS
Kharif Crop:- The crops which are sown in rainy season are
kharif crops.
Examples: Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, cotton etc.
Rabi Crop:- The crops grown in the winter season are
called rabi crops.
Examples: Wheat, gram, pea, mustard, linseed etc.

3. BASIC PRACTICES OF CROP
PRODUCTION

4. PREPARATION OF SOIL
Soil is prepared before sowing the seeds. The soil is loosened
to increase the absorption of water and manures. Loosening
of soil particles adds humus and nutrients in the soil that
increases crop yields.

5. *The process of scattering or putting seeds into the
ground is called Sowing.
*Before sowing good quality seeds are selected.
Good quality seeds are clean and healthy, free from infection
and diseases.
*There are two methods of sowing seeds- SOWING BY
HAND and SOWING WITH A SEED DRILL.
*
SOWING

6. ADDING MANURES AND FERTILISERS
MANURES
1. A manure is a natural substance
obtained by the decomposition of
animal wastes like cow dung, human
waste and animal residue.
2. Manure can be prepared in the
fields.
3. A manure provides a lot of organic
matter like humus to the soil.
FERTILISERS
1. A fertiliser is a salt or an
organic compound.
2. Fertilisers are prepared in
factories.
3. A fertiliser does not provide
any humus to the soil.
Repeated growing of crops in the same field removes lot of
precious mineral elements, organic matter and other materials from
the soil and to increase the nutrients in the soil we add Manures
and Fertilisers.

7.  All the crop plants need water for their growth.
 It is, therefore, necessary to supply water to the
crop plants in the fields, periodically.
 The process of supplying water to crop plants in the fields is called
Irrigation.
 Irrigation requirements of crops depends upon the nature of the
crop, nature of the soil and season.
 Sources of irrigation are rivers, canals, wells, tube-wells,
dams (reservoirs), ponds and lakes.

8. Sprinkler System Drip Irrigation
Furrow System Supply Channel System
Modern
Methods of
Irrigation
Traditional methods of irrigation are:-
1. Moat (Pulley System)
2. Rahat (Lever System)
3. Dhekli
4. Chain Pump
Modern methods of irrigation are:-
1. Sprinkler System
2. Drip System
3. Furrow System
4. Supply Channel System

10. HARVESTING STORAGE OF FOOD GRAINS

11. Thank You ..!!
By – Shipra Harshit