Manufacturing involves integrating various factors from product design through disposal to produce a desired product at a competitive price. It begins during product development and lasts until recycling. New tools aid in addressing opportunities in manufacturing, while philosophies like concurrent engineering, total quality management, and group technology provide overall approaches. Concurrent engineering applies a multidirectional information approach to integrate design, material, and production concerns from the start. Total quality management fosters personal accountability and responsibility for quality across the entire organization through a holistic approach.

1. Manufacturing Process
Fall 2014

20. Manufacturing is not only the making of products, it is the integration of
Product demand, product design, material selection, manufacturing processes,
Product assembly, and management to produce a desired product at a
Competitive price at the desired time.
In the past manufacturing has been considered a signal, separate sequential step
In the production of a product. But now it begins as the product is being developed
And lasts until the product is being recycled.
Product disposal is becoming more important as environmental concerns become
Critical.

21. There are many new tools and philosophies to aid in the solution of the many
Opportunities that are face in manufacturing. The manufacturing philosophies,
Such as concurrent engineering, total quality management (TQM), and group
Technology, provide overall approaches to problems, but they are not
Specific, specialized tools.
New tools such as finite-element modeling, computer aided process planning,
And manufacturing recourse planning (MRP) are used to solve specific problems.
Also, cost and breakeven analysis are tools generally used to evaluate which
Approach or solution should be used when multiple alternatives are presents.

22. The philosophy of concurrent engineering is that improvement of design, production,
And support processes are never-ending responsibilities of the entire enterprise.
A major different between concurrent engineering and traditional engineering is in
Problem methodology.
Concurrent engineering applies a multidirectional information approach, resolving
Design, material, and production problems, in an integrated approach.
The design is not complete until the material and manufacturing concerns has
been address.
In the traditional engineering approach, a sequential information approach is used,
Whereby the design concerns are addressed first. Then the material concerns, and
then the material concerns, and finally the manufacturing concerns

23. Total quality management (TQM) has been defined as a leadership philosophy,
Organizational structure, working environment that fosters and nourishes a
Personal accountability and responsibility for the quality and a quest for continuous
Improvement in product, services, and processes.
TQM requires a holistic approach, meaning that the entire organization must be
Engaged. Quality can no longer be considered only the quality department
Responsibility, but everyone’s form the top management to the shop floor

24. Activity Based costing (ABC) is an accounting approach that assigns cost to
Activities that are utilized in producing products. The procedure attempts to
Determine more realistic product cost to assists management in evaluating the
Cost and profitability of products.