2. 2
Item:
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Research Problem
1.3 Research Objective
1.4 Research Methodology
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 General
2.2 What is Total Quality Management?
2.3 Total Quality Management Theory
2.4 Definition of Total Quality Management in Construction Industry
2.5 Benchmarking
2.6 Reengineering
2.7 Partnering
2.8 Dependent ProjectManager
2.9 Quality SystemStandards and Quality Assurance
2.10 ISO 9000Quality System
3. 3
2.11 BSI Quality Systems
2.12 Localand InternationalPrizes for TQM
2.13 Evolution of Modern Quality Standards
2.14 European Quality Standards
2.15 Evolution of Islamic Values and Ethics in Media, Sports & culture
and the need for InternationalStandards.
2.16 Management Responsibility
2.16.1 In Lower Management
2.16.2 In MiddleManagement
2.16.3 In Top Management
2.17 Summary of Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Role of Engineer as Middle Management
Chapter 4 Case Study
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 General
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations
References
Appendix
4. 4
1. Introduction:
This Research explores the following questions;
- Quality in itself is a product becauseit has reaction on its neighboring
surrounds.
- To proof that by implementing a quality systemin a Sudanese
organization, wecan reduce the high costof paper work; reduceproject
cost and time of completion.
- This will give us a prober methodology of tracking projectprogress.
- Management of culture in construction organization will resultin
reducing cost to minimum and reduce the time of completion of
projects.
This research is very important because:
- Itshows the role of middle managers engineers in engineering
organization in general, and in construction organization in particular in
taking actions.
Also their role in implementing TQM as team leaders, convincing their
collages, in other department not to resist changeand adopt TQM
techniques.
This role enlarge these days, after the implementation of TQM become a
fashion.
Their role includes:
- Taking action in reengineering period.
- Try to minimize the negative impact of reengineering.
- Give warning signs by determining areas need to be improved.
Why I chooseconstruction organization?
Because in these organization there is no symmetrical prototypeand
every project is unique.
5. 5
Achievement of construction quality is not easy, becausethere are many
participants in the construction process.
The factor affecting achievement of TQM in construction organization
increased to include:
- Neighboring feedback is an important assessmentpointof view to
complete the picture of this quality method model.
The problem facing quality programs implementation in construction
organization in Sudan includes five main issues:
1. Unclear vision in long term construction planning becausethere is no
central ministry for construction planning.
2. Contradiction between various organizations working in construction
industry.
3. Factor of Time:
It's importantto go with the world in training field and taking action
procedure.
4. The problems of finance to construction projects.
5. The problems of specifications used in construction industry.
The first step in implementing a quality systemis doing the self-
assessment.
There are various ways of doing self-assessmentaccording to the quality
systemused whether BSI or ISO 9000.
The result of self-assessmentis represented in this chart:
6. 6
Fig (1)
In a scale of 1000 point:
10 % = 100: Mean that this organization can start TQM and a quality
system.
30 % = 300: Good organization (Quality assurancein place, next step:
startcontinuous improvement.
50 % = 500: Very good organization: Sustained improvement, programs
and process orientation clear. Need to do improvement in performance.
70 % = 700: Excellent organization, Improvein way of life, concentrate
on employee sector, bench marking, to sustain excellent business
results.
And here is an example of self-assessmentresultto a certain company:
PointScoreAssessment-Self
Categories
100251. Leadership10 %
40201.1 Senior Leadership
1551.2 Quality Values
2501.3 Management for Quality
2001.4 Public responsibility
7. 7
70102. Information& Analysis 7 %
20102.1 Scope of quality data &
information
3002.2 Competitive Comparison
& bench mark
2002.3 Analysis of Quality data &
information
6003. Strategic Quality Planning
6 %
3503.1 Strategic Planning Process
2503.2 Quality goals & Planning
150454. Human resource utilization
15 %
20104.1 Human resource
management
4004.2 Employee quality
involvement
40204.3 Education & Training
2504.4 Employee recognition &
performancemeasurement
25154.5 Employee morale
140305. Quality Assurance of
products & services 14 %
3505.1 Design & introduction of
products & services
20105.2 Process quality control
2005.3 Continuous improvement
process
1505.4 Quality assessment
1005.5 Documentation
20105.6 Process & supportservice
quality
20105.7 Supplier quality
18006.Quality Result 18 %
9006.1 Product& services quality
result
5006.2 Process, operationaland
supportservicequality results
4006.3 Supplier quality result
30007. Customer Satisfaction30
9. 9
- New Excellence model: EFQM Excellence Model for Large Company,
Operational and Business Unit Version.
EFQM: The European Foundation for Quality Management.
1.1 Features of Next Quality Era:
1. Ways of benchmarking in construction differentorganizations
(procedures, competitors, partners).
2. Avoid or reducing negative impact on societies, result fromrelation
between these organizations. (I.e. improvewaysof contact)
3. Open System:
Systems whether they are materialism or cultural or ethical are open
system. (New to be proofed)
4. Partnership.
5. Dependent Project Manager.
1.2 Result fromAdoptionof TQM as separate islands indifferent
organization:
1. The rush to reach to result.
2. Non-participation of all employees.
3. Imitation without understanding.
4. Spread of misconception about TQM.
5. Fear fromthe new working method of TQM.
6. Weakness of information system.
7. Scarcity of information.
8. Scarcity of accurate data.
9. Unable to cope with rapid technological progress.
10. 10
Thus the role of engineer is very important in adopting TQM in
construction organizations.
Tracking the personaldevelopment of the engineer is very important to
differentiate between peers in positions of: Team leader, project
manager, resident engineer or managers of projects.
This article will be discussed in depth in this research.
The engineer will adopt his own personalquality model. His colleagues
will try to do similar model.
But when his own model, is recognized becauseit cannot be copied,
cultural shift (change) will happened in his entire surround &
reengineering begins.
Top
Middle
Lower
11. 11
Fig (2) Flow of reports in Reengineering
In reengineering:
- The flow of reports is continuous fromlower and middle managers, but
no action fromtop management.
Then the steps of implementation of TQM in construction organizations
should be revised and improved.
1.3 Theory of Human Needs:
Here attention, given to workers, under thebehavioralschool banner,
would raise worker performance.
Co-operativeapproaches and developments were directed to enhance
the relationships between managers & workers.
The implications are that a social dimension has to be added to the
managers and workers repertoireof skills, along with technical and
conceptual-Human skill.
middle
lower
top
12. 12
Thus the promptis for managers to become moreworker oriented.
Two management theorists considered to have developed the human
relations schoolare AbrahamMaslow and Douglas McGregor,
essentially, both determined different aspects of motivation theory.
Fig (3) Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
1.4 Modificationtothe Theory of Human Needs:
Self
Actualization
needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
SafetyNeeds
Physiological Needs
13. 13
Fig (4) Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs Update 2000 &beyond
When the engineer satisfies his social needs slow in disturbing him.
When he finishes the esteem needs period stop disturbing him?
When he finishes the self-actualization needs period, test him to
determine whether to disturb him or not when he begins the social
needs period again while he steps down.
Self
Actualization
needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
SafetyNeeds
Physiological Needs
14. 14
Old Man
Child Man
Young ManBoy
Fig (5) Human Life Cycle by Mohammed El Bakri
2. Research Problem:
To reach to TQM in construction organization, this means that the whole
industry of construction should take part in cultural shift.
Management then becomes the application of measures to ensurethat,
financial, human, and physicalresources areplanned, organized, led,
controlled, and staffed effectively, or the achievement of goals through
facilitating an effective process of planning, organizing, leading,
controlling and staffing.
15. 15
The ideology of management in the 21th century and beyond is a
philosophy.
This philosophy should havecommitment fromeverybody in the
organization before starting quality system, becauseonce the person
understood whatTQM means, it becomes his way of life.
Increasing competition in mostcommercial sectors, leads the attention
to quality in order to satisfy the requirement of consumers wants and
needs.
But because of the power of authority, most middle managers and lower
don’t understand clearly every step in TQMimplementation, so to keep
their work they stick to book instruction and stereotypemodeling from
other organization.
This signifies a major change in the way organization is managed. We
will reach to a point of freezing wherethere is no continuous
improvement.
Here comes the challenge for top managers to determine how and when
to start the next generation of improvement in his organization.
Employee commitment is the first step in achieving morepoint to
change this organization froma quality oriented organization, to an
excellence organization model.
Because the quality oriented organization is outward oriented, flexible in
approach and practices nurtures its staffs, suppliers and customers and
providemore than justa job.
In reengineering, top managers ask their middle managers to innovate
and give new designs and tools to keep the rank of the organization in
the market,
Here the role of middle managers becomes more and more important.
The Engineer is always middle manager, sincehe chooses engineering as
his profession. Becauseengineer originate, innovate design to improve
or comfortour standard of living.
16. 16
The engineer role in reengineering and cultural shift is more important
than ever beforein history.
Because, in Globalization the, whole world becomes, cosmic village.
The student who chooses Engineering as a career should realize that, his
profession may shapethe destiny of civilization yet UN porn.
The personaldevelopment journey of the engineer till he reach his
position as middle manager is very important to make him realize the
moral and ethical responsibilities upon him, and that he should
accompany these moral when he decide to start emergence of new
processes, design and systems.
Because, Human resourceis the most valuable asset, in the quality
organization, Tracking personaldevelopment of middle managers
(engineers) is the second step in reengineering cultural shift, to confirm
their commitment to the values of the organization and evaluate
between them to become top managers, becausethere will be
evacuation in top management due to resistanceto change or un
commitment to the new values of the organization.
Then the role of the remaining middle managers engineers will expand
every day.
These middle managers engineers will be directly responsibleupon
coordination between different department, supervising
implementation of TQM, follow up and monitoring, besides putting
policies.
In conservativesociety like Sudan, where the family extended, and
family members divided among cities all around the world, and by cheap
means of telecommunication, the conspiracy of the society oral culture
become very large.
noIn addition to another Sudanesenegative custom which is
especially in construction sites, implementation of TQMdocumentation
in construction organization becomes a burden and a huge task.
17. 17
Considering all these circumstances, this research focus on putting
conceptualization on how we can implement TQM in construction
organization, identify the role of the engineer in that, as he represent
middle management and has relation with all parties.
We want to proof that:
- Having a certification is justthe beginning of the road to excellence.
- TQM is a continuous development process.
Fig (4)
3. Research Objectives:
The objective of this research is to useTQM techniques in the
construction organization in order to proof that there are factor
affecting the achievement of TQM and by using a prober quality system
tailored for every organization we can reach to the TQM.
In the 21th century understanding telecommunication theory is very
important before designing a quality systemto a certain construction
organization.
Management
Process
Planning
Controlling
Leading and
Controlling
Planning
Organization
18. 18
The role of the employees in every quality systemorganization is very
important, and the role of middle management is vital to this kind of
organization.
In this research wewill discuss this in depth and try to reach to a
developed implementation schedule for TQM in construction
organization.
Some consider cultural change and reengineering is a crises. And the
management in crises times becomes more and more difficult task.
The role of engineer in such times is discussed also in this research, as he
represents middle management.
19. 19
4. Research Methodology:
Although implementation of TQM in construction organization is a
in all (the neighboringimpactslimited experiment in, its place, but it has
societies, suppliers, competitors…etc.).
Then achievement of TQM in construction organization is becoming
more and morea professionaleducation task, need educational training
beside experience that have been gained by personal development
career.
The importance of tracking middle managers (engineers) personal
to achieve TQM in a knownbrickdevelopment CV, becoming a stone
construction organization.
Scientific curriculumwill be used in this research and scientific theory is
the domain.
In the case study, face to face meeting is the procedureof the collection
of data by at least three people.
20. 20
5. Research Terminology:
- Middle management
- Quality and quality management
- Reengineering
- Cultural shift
- Bench marking
- Partnerships
- Dependent projectmanagers
- Implementation of TQM in construction organization
- Role of middle management engineers
- Telecommunication theory
- Scientific theory
