Penyakit Ginjal Kronik
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This document describes a case of chronic kidney disease in a 21-year old man. Over 5 years, his serum creatinine level gradually increased from 0.5 mg/dL to 1.81 mg/dL, indicating progressive loss of kidney function. He was treated with steroids and immunosuppressants but continued to experience relapses of nephrotic syndrome. On his latest examination, lab tests showed further kidney dysfunction with a serum creatinine of 1.29 mg/dL. Despite refusing dialysis, he died shortly after from complications of his kidney disease. The document outlines factors related to managing chronic kidney disease, including monitoring for anemia, acidosis, mineral abnormalities, and nutrition.
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Gagal ginjal
1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage or decreased kidney function lasting at least 3 months. It is staged based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from normal kidney function to kidney failure.
2. The most common causes of CKD are diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. As CKD progresses, patients experience complications such as anemia, bone disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic acidosis.
3. Management of CKD focuses on slowing progression, treating complications, and preparing for renal replacement therapy if kidney failure occurs. Key interventions include blood pressure control, diabetes management, treatment of anemia, and dietary modifications.
End stage renal failure
End stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are functioning at 10% or less of their normal capacity. ESRD is permanent and is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, requiring either dialysis or kidney transplantation for the patient to survive. The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure. Dialysis and strict diet control are the primary treatments for ESRD, while exercise can help maintain cardiovascular health and mobility in patients. Regular blood tests are needed to monitor kidney function and adjust treatment as needed for ESRD patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease - What You Need to Know
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys are damaged and cannot properly filter waste from the blood. The kidneys help regulate blood pressure, make red blood cells, and remove waste. CKD is defined as kidney damage for 3 or more months as shown by blood and urine tests or imaging tests. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, family history, smoking, obesity, and use of certain medications. Early CKD often has no symptoms but can eventually cause fatigue, swollen limbs, and other issues. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure and diabetes, exercise, diet, and medication. End-stage renal disease requires dialysis or transplant. Screening those at high risk can
Approach to CKD
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and genetics. Some key points include:
- CKD is defined as kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2 for ≥3 months.
- It affects 14-15% of US adults and prevalence increases with age. The leading causes are hypertension and diabetes.
- As CKD progresses, surviving nephrons undergo hypertrophy which can lead to sclerosis and loss of filtration surface area over time. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis also contributes to declining kidney function.
- The renin-angiotensin-
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood the way they should. The disease is called “chronic” because the damage to your kidneys happens slowly over a long period of time.
Approach to Chronic Kidney Diseases
1) The document discusses the approach to chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD and outlines its stages based on glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria levels.
2) Risk factors for CKD mentioned include diabetes, hypertension, family history of kidney disease, use of certain medications, and prior acute kidney injury. The pathogenesis of CKD involves initial injury followed by adaptive hyperfiltration and long-term damage to remaining nephrons.
3) Evaluation of patients with suspected CKD involves obtaining a history, physical exam, lab tests including serum creatinine and urine analysis, and imaging like renal ultrasound. A kidney biopsy may be done if disease-specific therapy is still possible.
Chronic Renal Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. Patients with early stage CKD are generally asymptomatic, while later stages can cause nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and other symptoms. CKD is staged based on glomerular filtration rate, with stage 5 being severe kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, and family history. Screening helps detect CKD in at-risk groups. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, and dialysis or transplant for kidney failure.
Chronic Kidney Disease
This document summarizes key topics about chronic kidney disease (CKD), including definitions, classification stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinical consequences such as increased cardiovascular risk, and treatment goals like blood pressure and proteinuria control. It discusses markers of renal function like serum creatinine and estimated GFR, as well as complications of CKD like anemia and how they are treated. Target hemoglobin levels with erythropoietin therapy and outcomes of hemodialysis are also summarized.
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Gagal ginjal
1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage or decreased kidney function lasting at least 3 months. It is staged based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from normal kidney function to kidney failure.
2. The most common causes of CKD are diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. As CKD progresses, patients experience complications such as anemia, bone disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic acidosis.
3. Management of CKD focuses on slowing progression, treating complications, and preparing for renal replacement therapy if kidney failure occurs. Key interventions include blood pressure control, diabetes management, treatment of anemia, and dietary modifications.
End stage renal failure
End stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are functioning at 10% or less of their normal capacity. ESRD is permanent and is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, requiring either dialysis or kidney transplantation for the patient to survive. The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure. Dialysis and strict diet control are the primary treatments for ESRD, while exercise can help maintain cardiovascular health and mobility in patients. Regular blood tests are needed to monitor kidney function and adjust treatment as needed for ESRD patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease - What You Need to Know
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys are damaged and cannot properly filter waste from the blood. The kidneys help regulate blood pressure, make red blood cells, and remove waste. CKD is defined as kidney damage for 3 or more months as shown by blood and urine tests or imaging tests. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, family history, smoking, obesity, and use of certain medications. Early CKD often has no symptoms but can eventually cause fatigue, swollen limbs, and other issues. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure and diabetes, exercise, diet, and medication. End-stage renal disease requires dialysis or transplant. Screening those at high risk can
Approach to CKD
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and genetics. Some key points include:
- CKD is defined as kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2 for ≥3 months.
- It affects 14-15% of US adults and prevalence increases with age. The leading causes are hypertension and diabetes.
- As CKD progresses, surviving nephrons undergo hypertrophy which can lead to sclerosis and loss of filtration surface area over time. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis also contributes to declining kidney function.
- The renin-angiotensin-
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood the way they should. The disease is called “chronic” because the damage to your kidneys happens slowly over a long period of time.
Approach to Chronic Kidney Diseases
1) The document discusses the approach to chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD and outlines its stages based on glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria levels.
2) Risk factors for CKD mentioned include diabetes, hypertension, family history of kidney disease, use of certain medications, and prior acute kidney injury. The pathogenesis of CKD involves initial injury followed by adaptive hyperfiltration and long-term damage to remaining nephrons.
3) Evaluation of patients with suspected CKD involves obtaining a history, physical exam, lab tests including serum creatinine and urine analysis, and imaging like renal ultrasound. A kidney biopsy may be done if disease-specific therapy is still possible.
Chronic Renal Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. Patients with early stage CKD are generally asymptomatic, while later stages can cause nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and other symptoms. CKD is staged based on glomerular filtration rate, with stage 5 being severe kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, and family history. Screening helps detect CKD in at-risk groups. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, and dialysis or transplant for kidney failure.
Chronic Kidney Disease
This document summarizes key topics about chronic kidney disease (CKD), including definitions, classification stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinical consequences such as increased cardiovascular risk, and treatment goals like blood pressure and proteinuria control. It discusses markers of renal function like serum creatinine and estimated GFR, as well as complications of CKD like anemia and how they are treated. Target hemoglobin levels with erythropoietin therapy and outcomes of hemodialysis are also summarized.
Chronic Kidney Disease
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and relationship to kidney failure, end-stage renal disease, and uremia. CKD is defined as glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or kidney damage for over 3 months. As CKD progresses, compensatory mechanisms disrupt homeostasis, leading to accumulation of waste and abnormalities. Later stages involve loss of over 90% of nephrons and inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte and hormone balance without dialysis or transplant.
Chronic renal failure update on diagnostic tests
Diagnostic & monitoring tests for CRF as eGFR, Microalbuminuria & Reticulocyte hemoglobin (for identifying functional Iron deficiency) are important.
Pediatric Chronic kidney disease
This document defines chronic kidney disease and provides details on its classification, causes, pathogenesis, complications, presentation, diagnosis, risk factors, slowing progression, and long-term management. Chronic kidney disease is defined as abnormalities of the kidneys lasting more than three months, as indicated by kidney damage or decreased GFR. It is classified based on cause, GFR level, and albuminuria level. Common causes in children include congenital anomalies, obstructive uropathy, glomerulonephritis, and inherited disorders. Risk factors for CKD and strategies for slowing progression are also outlined. Long-term management focuses on nutrition, growth promotion, managing mineral bone disease, anemia, and infections. Dialysis or transplant
best Ckd presentation1 by Dr. sachin kr rana
Chronic Kidney Disease is defined as a slow loss of renal function over time leading to decreased ability to remove waste from the body. It affects about 26 million people in the US and is increasing due to diabetes and hypertension. Pathophysiology involves a decrease in nephrons leading to adaptive changes that eventually cause glomerular sclerosis and further kidney function decline. Stages are based on Glomerular Filtration Rate from normal to end stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Treatment focuses on controlling hypertension, acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, secondary effects like anemia and bone disease through diet, medication and potentially dialysis. Dialysis options include peritoneal dialysis with advantages of immediate initiation but risks of peritonitis
Chronic renal failure (Chronic kidney disease) Lecture 1
This document defines chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the irreversible deterioration of renal function or when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced to less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 for at least 3 months. CKD results from the loss of the kidney's excretory, regulatory, endocrine, and metabolic functions. The stages of CKD are described. The pathophysiology of CKD involves two conditions: hyperfiltration and uremic syndrome. Hyperfiltration results from the overloading and hypertrophy of nephrons, eventually leading to fibrosis and sclerosis. Uremic syndrome is caused by the accumulation of urea, creatinine, and other tox
Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD, Nephrology,
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as the presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three or more months. Key points include:
- CKD is defined based on evidence of kidney damage through structural abnormalities found on biopsy, imaging, or urine tests, or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
- Common causes of CKD include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney diseases, and vascular diseases.
- The document outlines clinical and laboratory manifestations of CKD and approaches to evaluating and managing patients with CKD.
Ckd
This document discusses the screening, management, and treatment of chronic kidney disease. It notes that chronic kidney disease affects over 10% of US adults and risk increases with age. Diabetes and hypertension are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. It recommends referring patients with decreased eGFR and increased albuminuria to a nephrologist. The management of complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, acidosis, and bone mineral disorders is also covered.
Overview of management of ckd
This document provides an overview of the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It discusses the main causes and stages of CKD and outlines the key investigations performed. It covers treatment approaches for managing complications like anemia, bone disease, acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities. Guidelines are provided around indications for referral, treating hypertension, diabetes and lipid abnormalities in CKD patients. Treatment targets and dosing adjustments for various medications based on kidney function are also summarized.
Diagnosis & medical management of ckd
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its classification based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinical findings such as lab tests and imaging, complications, and management options. It recommends referring patients with stage 3-5 CKD to a nephrologist and considering admission for those with decompensation of CKD-related problems or those needing initiation of renal replacement therapy when unstable for outpatient care.
Chronic Kidney Disease
The document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting at least 3 months. CKD is staged based on GFR levels and can progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant. The causes, risk factors, complications, diagnostic evaluation and management of CKD are described with a focus on pediatric patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
a precise presentation over CKD made for house officers/medical interns . It focuses over signs and symptoms and in-hospital management of resulting problems , material taken majorly from medscape, CMDT and oxford hand book
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function over time and is classified into 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate. CKD has many potential causes including diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. As kidney function declines, patients experience complications such as anemia, bone disease, electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular disease, and other systemic effects. Treatment focuses on slowing progression, managing complications, and renal replacement therapy for stage 5 CKD.
Case based presentation(Chronic renal failure and Dialysis)
The document describes a case study presentation about a 55-year-old female patient with chronic renal failure who has a history of diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, and cataract surgery and is currently undergoing hemodialysis. It provides details on the patient's medical history, lab results, medications, management including dietary modifications and dialysis, as well as relevant nursing considerations.
8-1. Progression of CKD to CRF. Vladimir Dlin (eng)
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its history, importance, risk factors, progression, and relationship to cardiovascular disease. Some key points:
- CKD concepts were developed in 2002 to standardize criteria, classification, and terminology. Goals include early detection, slowing progression, and reducing cardiovascular risk.
- CKD prevalence is 12-15% for stages 1-5 and 6-8% for stages 3-5. Renal mortality is low but cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death.
- Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, inflammation, and others. CKD itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and management
This document discusses chronic kidney disease, including its definition, epidemiology in India, risk factors and causes, diagnosis, and management. It presents a case study of a 36-year-old lady with weakness, bone pain, edema, and mild renal failure. Her history and lab results are discussed in detail. The document reviews the stages of chronic kidney disease, main categories of causes (pre-renal, renal, post-renal), and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. Specific conditions that can lead to chronic kidney disease are also outlined such as diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, tubular disorders, and obstructive nephropathy.
Chronic kidney failure
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. The Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD Study equations can be used to estimate GFR and stage CKD. CKD is common and prevalence increases with age, affecting 11-13% of the global population. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerular diseases, and vascular diseases. Later stages may present with metabolic complications, fluid disturbances, and anemia. Diagnosis involves lab tests, imaging, and renal biopsy when needed. Progressive loss of nephrons leads to remaining nephrons compens
Chronic kidney disease ppt
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a progressive loss of kidney function over time, usually defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 months or more. The leading causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension. The stages of CKD are defined based on GFR levels. Symptoms arise as GFR declines and waste builds up. Management involves controlling risk factors, treating complications, nutritional therapy, and possibly dialysis or transplantation.
Ckd, esrd
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were defined. CKD is the gradual loss of kidney function over months to years, while ESRD is the most advanced stage where kidney function is generally less than 15%. The global prevalence of CKD is estimated at 13.4% and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Treatment for ESRD includes kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. People with ESRD have a significantly higher risk of death from COVID-19 compared to those without kidney failure.
Peter McCullough, Early Identification and Assessment of Acute and Chronic K...
Peter McCullough, Early Identification and Assessment of Acute and Chronic K...Cleveland HeartLab, Inc.
This document discusses early identification and assessment of acute and chronic kidney disease. It provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI), including definitions, biomarkers, pathophysiology, and clinical evidence. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is discussed as a promising early biomarker for detecting AKI, with studies showing it can predict AKI hours earlier than serum creatinine. The document also reviews evidence on using NGAL to detect AKI in various clinical settings like cardiac surgery, sepsis, and kidney transplantation. A case study is presented on a high-risk cardiac surgery patient where NGAL measurements could help guide management.Outpatient Management of CKD Patients
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its management. It provides definitions of CKD and outlines its stages according to the KDIGO classification system. Diabetes and hypertension are highlighted as leading causes of CKD globally. Early detection of CKD is important as it can be asymptomatic for long periods. Screening high-risk individuals through estimated GFR and urine albumin or protein tests is recommended. Left unmanaged, CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapies like dialysis, which are costly treatments.
Gagal ginjal kronis
Dokumen ini membahas tentang gagal ginjal kronis, penyebabnya seperti infeksi, diabetes, batu ginjal, konsumsi berlebihan minuman dan obat-obatan, gejalanya seperti sering buang air kecil, pembengkakan tubuh, lesu dan pucat, serta pengobatannya seperti cuci darah, transplantasi ginjal, dan pencegahannya dengan menghindari minuman beralkohol dan soda serta jamu yang tidak legal.
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This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and relationship to kidney failure, end-stage renal disease, and uremia. CKD is defined as glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or kidney damage for over 3 months. As CKD progresses, compensatory mechanisms disrupt homeostasis, leading to accumulation of waste and abnormalities. Later stages involve loss of over 90% of nephrons and inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte and hormone balance without dialysis or transplant.
Chronic renal failure update on diagnostic tests
Diagnostic & monitoring tests for CRF as eGFR, Microalbuminuria & Reticulocyte hemoglobin (for identifying functional Iron deficiency) are important.
Pediatric Chronic kidney disease
This document defines chronic kidney disease and provides details on its classification, causes, pathogenesis, complications, presentation, diagnosis, risk factors, slowing progression, and long-term management. Chronic kidney disease is defined as abnormalities of the kidneys lasting more than three months, as indicated by kidney damage or decreased GFR. It is classified based on cause, GFR level, and albuminuria level. Common causes in children include congenital anomalies, obstructive uropathy, glomerulonephritis, and inherited disorders. Risk factors for CKD and strategies for slowing progression are also outlined. Long-term management focuses on nutrition, growth promotion, managing mineral bone disease, anemia, and infections. Dialysis or transplant
best Ckd presentation1 by Dr. sachin kr rana
Chronic Kidney Disease is defined as a slow loss of renal function over time leading to decreased ability to remove waste from the body. It affects about 26 million people in the US and is increasing due to diabetes and hypertension. Pathophysiology involves a decrease in nephrons leading to adaptive changes that eventually cause glomerular sclerosis and further kidney function decline. Stages are based on Glomerular Filtration Rate from normal to end stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Treatment focuses on controlling hypertension, acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, secondary effects like anemia and bone disease through diet, medication and potentially dialysis. Dialysis options include peritoneal dialysis with advantages of immediate initiation but risks of peritonitis
Chronic renal failure (Chronic kidney disease) Lecture 1
This document defines chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the irreversible deterioration of renal function or when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced to less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 for at least 3 months. CKD results from the loss of the kidney's excretory, regulatory, endocrine, and metabolic functions. The stages of CKD are described. The pathophysiology of CKD involves two conditions: hyperfiltration and uremic syndrome. Hyperfiltration results from the overloading and hypertrophy of nephrons, eventually leading to fibrosis and sclerosis. Uremic syndrome is caused by the accumulation of urea, creatinine, and other tox
Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD, Nephrology,
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as the presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three or more months. Key points include:
- CKD is defined based on evidence of kidney damage through structural abnormalities found on biopsy, imaging, or urine tests, or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
- Common causes of CKD include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney diseases, and vascular diseases.
- The document outlines clinical and laboratory manifestations of CKD and approaches to evaluating and managing patients with CKD.
Ckd
This document discusses the screening, management, and treatment of chronic kidney disease. It notes that chronic kidney disease affects over 10% of US adults and risk increases with age. Diabetes and hypertension are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. It recommends referring patients with decreased eGFR and increased albuminuria to a nephrologist. The management of complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, acidosis, and bone mineral disorders is also covered.
Overview of management of ckd
This document provides an overview of the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It discusses the main causes and stages of CKD and outlines the key investigations performed. It covers treatment approaches for managing complications like anemia, bone disease, acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities. Guidelines are provided around indications for referral, treating hypertension, diabetes and lipid abnormalities in CKD patients. Treatment targets and dosing adjustments for various medications based on kidney function are also summarized.
Diagnosis & medical management of ckd
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its classification based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinical findings such as lab tests and imaging, complications, and management options. It recommends referring patients with stage 3-5 CKD to a nephrologist and considering admission for those with decompensation of CKD-related problems or those needing initiation of renal replacement therapy when unstable for outpatient care.
Chronic Kidney Disease
The document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting at least 3 months. CKD is staged based on GFR levels and can progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant. The causes, risk factors, complications, diagnostic evaluation and management of CKD are described with a focus on pediatric patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
a precise presentation over CKD made for house officers/medical interns . It focuses over signs and symptoms and in-hospital management of resulting problems , material taken majorly from medscape, CMDT and oxford hand book
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function over time and is classified into 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate. CKD has many potential causes including diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. As kidney function declines, patients experience complications such as anemia, bone disease, electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular disease, and other systemic effects. Treatment focuses on slowing progression, managing complications, and renal replacement therapy for stage 5 CKD.
Case based presentation(Chronic renal failure and Dialysis)
The document describes a case study presentation about a 55-year-old female patient with chronic renal failure who has a history of diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, and cataract surgery and is currently undergoing hemodialysis. It provides details on the patient's medical history, lab results, medications, management including dietary modifications and dialysis, as well as relevant nursing considerations.
8-1. Progression of CKD to CRF. Vladimir Dlin (eng)
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its history, importance, risk factors, progression, and relationship to cardiovascular disease. Some key points:
- CKD concepts were developed in 2002 to standardize criteria, classification, and terminology. Goals include early detection, slowing progression, and reducing cardiovascular risk.
- CKD prevalence is 12-15% for stages 1-5 and 6-8% for stages 3-5. Renal mortality is low but cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death.
- Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, inflammation, and others. CKD itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and management
This document discusses chronic kidney disease, including its definition, epidemiology in India, risk factors and causes, diagnosis, and management. It presents a case study of a 36-year-old lady with weakness, bone pain, edema, and mild renal failure. Her history and lab results are discussed in detail. The document reviews the stages of chronic kidney disease, main categories of causes (pre-renal, renal, post-renal), and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. Specific conditions that can lead to chronic kidney disease are also outlined such as diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, tubular disorders, and obstructive nephropathy.
Chronic kidney failure
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. The Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD Study equations can be used to estimate GFR and stage CKD. CKD is common and prevalence increases with age, affecting 11-13% of the global population. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerular diseases, and vascular diseases. Later stages may present with metabolic complications, fluid disturbances, and anemia. Diagnosis involves lab tests, imaging, and renal biopsy when needed. Progressive loss of nephrons leads to remaining nephrons compens
Chronic kidney disease ppt
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a progressive loss of kidney function over time, usually defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 months or more. The leading causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension. The stages of CKD are defined based on GFR levels. Symptoms arise as GFR declines and waste builds up. Management involves controlling risk factors, treating complications, nutritional therapy, and possibly dialysis or transplantation.
Ckd, esrd
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were defined. CKD is the gradual loss of kidney function over months to years, while ESRD is the most advanced stage where kidney function is generally less than 15%. The global prevalence of CKD is estimated at 13.4% and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Treatment for ESRD includes kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. People with ESRD have a significantly higher risk of death from COVID-19 compared to those without kidney failure.
Peter McCullough, Early Identification and Assessment of Acute and Chronic K...
Peter McCullough, Early Identification and Assessment of Acute and Chronic K...Cleveland HeartLab, Inc.
This document discusses early identification and assessment of acute and chronic kidney disease. It provides information on acute kidney injury (AKI), including definitions, biomarkers, pathophysiology, and clinical evidence. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is discussed as a promising early biomarker for detecting AKI, with studies showing it can predict AKI hours earlier than serum creatinine. The document also reviews evidence on using NGAL to detect AKI in various clinical settings like cardiac surgery, sepsis, and kidney transplantation. A case study is presented on a high-risk cardiac surgery patient where NGAL measurements could help guide management.Outpatient Management of CKD Patients
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its management. It provides definitions of CKD and outlines its stages according to the KDIGO classification system. Diabetes and hypertension are highlighted as leading causes of CKD globally. Early detection of CKD is important as it can be asymptomatic for long periods. Screening high-risk individuals through estimated GFR and urine albumin or protein tests is recommended. Left unmanaged, CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapies like dialysis, which are costly treatments.
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Sistem ekskresi pada manusia terdiri atas ginjal, hati, kulit, dan paru-paru yang berfungsi mengeluarkan zat-zat sisa metabolisme tubuh melalui urine, empedu, keringat, dan karbondioksida. Gangguan umum pada sistem ekskresi antara lain batu ginjal, radang ginjal, gagal ginjal, biduran, dan asma.
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Dokumen tersebut merangkum tentang prosedur hemodialisis untuk membersihkan darah pasien gagal ginjal dari zat sisa dan racun. Prosedur ini bekerja dengan mendialiskan darah pasien melalui membran semipermeabel untuk memisahkan zat-zat tersebut ke cairan dialisat yang kemudian dibuang, sementara darah bersih kembali ke tubuh pasien. Dokumen juga menjelaskan tujuan, prinsip kerja, indikasi, kontraindik
Penyakit tidak berjangkit
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penyakit tidak menular yang disebabkan oleh faktor genetik dan gaya hidup seperti karies gigi, sakit jantung, diabetes, asma, dan penyakit buah pinggang. Untuk mencegah penyakit tersebut disarankan untuk bersenam teratur, makan makanan seimbang, dan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala.
GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM EKSRESI MANUSIA
Teks tersebut membahas berbagai penyakit yang mempengaruhi organ tubuh seperti paru-paru, ginjal, hati, dan kulit. Beberapa penyakit yang dijelaskan antara lain pneumonia, TBC, asma, emfisema, hepatitis, sirosis hati, dan psoriasis. Penyebab, gejala, dan pencegahan penyakit-penyakit tersebut juga diuraikan.
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Penyakit Ginjal Kronik
- 1. Chronic Kidney Disease Syafrizal Nasution and Oke Rina H.Adam Malik Hospital
- 2. Case AE is a 21 year-old man with nephrotic syndrome. He complains of mild fatigue but is otherwise asymptomatic. Five years before he complain anasarca edema and proteinuria. Doctor had trial steroid and proteinuria (-) but relaps again On physical examination: Weight 40 kg with BP 120/80 mm Hg
- 3. Labs Five years ago, his serum Cr: 0.5 mg/dL Three years ago, his serum Cr: 0.9 mg/dL One year ago, sCr: 1.81 mg/dL
- 4. Lab Data CBC (January 2011) Hb 15.9 WBC 19.35 HCT 45.4 PLTs 329 Urine: protein (++), eritrosit (-), cast granular SMA-7 Ureum 33 Cr: 1.29 Renal ultrasound: …?
- 5. Calculations Cockcroft-Gault Men: CrCl (mL/min) = (140 - age) x wt (kg) SCr x 0.81 Women: multiply by 0.85 MDRD GFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) = 186 x (SCr x 0.0113)-1.154 x (age)-0.203 x (0.742 if female) x (1.12 if African-American)
- 6. Back to the case… History medications: (five years ago) Predvison Captopril Cyclosporin A History medication : (three years ago) Metil prednisolon Captopril Cellcept
- 7. Metabolic changes with CKD Hemoglobin/hematocrit Bicarbonate Calcium Phosphate PTH Triglycerides
- 8. Metabolic changes… Monitor and treat biochemical abnormalities Anemia Metabolic acidosis Mineral metabolism Dyslipidemia Nutrition
- 9. Metabolic acidosis Muscle catabolism Metabolic bone disease Sodium bicarbonate Maintain serum bicarbonate > 22 meq/L 0.5-1.0 meq/kg per day Watch for sodium loading Volume expansion HTN
- 10. NEJM 2000; 342(20): 1478-83 Mineral metabolism Calcium and phosphate metabolism abnormalities associated with: Renal osteodystrophy Calciphylaxis and vascular calcification 14 of 16 ESRD/HD pts (20-30 yrs) had calcification on CT scan 3 of 60 in the control group
- 11. Nutrition Think about uremia Catabolic state Anorexia Decreased protein intake Consider assistance with a renal dietician
- 12. Follow-up Visit Two weeks later, the patient returns and complains of fatique and hematemesis His BP today is 159/75 mm Hg He refused dialysis go back to his home He died 10 days after came home in another hospital
- 13. New laboratories (dari Adam Malik) Hb Leuco Ureum: ? Creat:?
- 14. Evaluation for CKD Blood CBC with diff SMA-7 with Ca2+ and phosphorous PTH HBA1c LFTs and FLP Uric acid and Fe2+ studies Urine Urinalysis with microscopy Spot urine for microalbumin 24-urine collection for protein and creatinine Ultrasound
- 15. Key points The serum creatinine level is not enough! Target BP for CKD <130/80 mm Hg <125/75 mm Hg in proteinuria HTN and proteinuria are the two most important modifiable risk factors for progressive CKD