This document summarizes key topics about chronic kidney disease (CKD), including definitions, classification stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinical consequences such as increased cardiovascular risk, and treatment goals like blood pressure and proteinuria control. It discusses markers of renal function like serum creatinine and estimated GFR, as well as complications of CKD like anemia and how they are treated. Target hemoglobin levels with erythropoietin therapy and outcomes of hemodialysis are also summarized.
- Recorded videos of this lecture:
English Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/AtiaKPIdzAQ
Arabic Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/2cwyPcRDGEY
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Metabolisme Vitamin K 150207083423-conversion-gate01Muhammad Luthfan
Materi kiuliah tentang metabolisme Vitamin K.
Perhatian: Slide ini mengandung GAMBAR MAKHLUK BERNYAWA yang hanya untuk keperluan ILMU PENGETAHUAN saja.
Dimohon membaca hadits tentang menggambar makhluk bernyawa dibawah ini:
*If you do not understand please translate the Hadith below in English
من صوَّرَ صورةً في الدُّنيا كلِّفَ يومَ القيامةِ أن ينفخَ فيها الرُّوحَ ، وليسَ بنافخٍ
“barangsiapa yang di dunia pernah menggambar gambar (bernyawa), ia akan dituntut untuk meniupkan ruh pada gambar tersebut di hari kiamat, dan ia tidak akan bisa melakukannya” (HR. Bukhari dan Muslim).
كلُّ مُصوِّرٍ في النَّارِ ، يُجْعَلُ له بكلِّ صورةٍ صوَّرها نفسٌ فتُعذِّبُه في جهنَّمَ
“semua tukang gambar (makhluk bernyawa) di neraka, setiap gambar yang ia buat akan diberikan jiwa dan akan mengadzabnya di neraka Jahannam” (HR. Bukhari dan Muslim).
English:
Caution: This slide contains images of animate beings which are used for scientific purposes only.
Hadith:
Sahih Al Bukhari Chapter 89:
Narrated Muslim:
We were with Masruq at the house of Yasar bin Numair. Masruq saw pictures on his terrace and said, "I heard `Abdullah saying that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "The people who will receive the severest punishment from Allah will be the picture makers.'"
Jay B. Wish, MD, prepared anemia in CKD infographics for this CME activity titled "Addressing Unmet Needs in Managing Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Closer Look at the Clinical Potential of HIF-PH Inhibitors." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2WdYNpK. CME credit will be available until June 12, 2020.
- Recorded videos of this lecture:
English Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/AtiaKPIdzAQ
Arabic Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/2cwyPcRDGEY
- Visit our website for more lectures: www.NephroTube.com
- Subscribe to our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/NephroTube
- Join our facebook group: www.facebook.com/groups/NephroTube
- Like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/NephroTube
- Follow us on twitter: www.twitter.com/NephroTube
Metabolisme Vitamin K 150207083423-conversion-gate01Muhammad Luthfan
Materi kiuliah tentang metabolisme Vitamin K.
Perhatian: Slide ini mengandung GAMBAR MAKHLUK BERNYAWA yang hanya untuk keperluan ILMU PENGETAHUAN saja.
Dimohon membaca hadits tentang menggambar makhluk bernyawa dibawah ini:
*If you do not understand please translate the Hadith below in English
من صوَّرَ صورةً في الدُّنيا كلِّفَ يومَ القيامةِ أن ينفخَ فيها الرُّوحَ ، وليسَ بنافخٍ
“barangsiapa yang di dunia pernah menggambar gambar (bernyawa), ia akan dituntut untuk meniupkan ruh pada gambar tersebut di hari kiamat, dan ia tidak akan bisa melakukannya” (HR. Bukhari dan Muslim).
كلُّ مُصوِّرٍ في النَّارِ ، يُجْعَلُ له بكلِّ صورةٍ صوَّرها نفسٌ فتُعذِّبُه في جهنَّمَ
“semua tukang gambar (makhluk bernyawa) di neraka, setiap gambar yang ia buat akan diberikan jiwa dan akan mengadzabnya di neraka Jahannam” (HR. Bukhari dan Muslim).
English:
Caution: This slide contains images of animate beings which are used for scientific purposes only.
Hadith:
Sahih Al Bukhari Chapter 89:
Narrated Muslim:
We were with Masruq at the house of Yasar bin Numair. Masruq saw pictures on his terrace and said, "I heard `Abdullah saying that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "The people who will receive the severest punishment from Allah will be the picture makers.'"
Jay B. Wish, MD, prepared anemia in CKD infographics for this CME activity titled "Addressing Unmet Needs in Managing Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Closer Look at the Clinical Potential of HIF-PH Inhibitors." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2WdYNpK. CME credit will be available until June 12, 2020.
a precise presentation over CKD made for house officers/medical interns . It focuses over signs and symptoms and in-hospital management of resulting problems , material taken majorly from medscape, CMDT and oxford hand book
HIGH AND LOW BLOOD TEST RESULTS: What Do They Mean?Nelson Vergel
As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people in the U.S. are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests online with no doctor visit via companies like DiscountedLabs.com . Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a urine or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and interpret their blood test results so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians.
After people buy their own blood tests and received their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their ranges and meaning of high or low values in the following article to save people time in their search for next steps.
Note: Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. This information is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with your health care provider.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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