This document defines and provides examples of various cinematography techniques including types of shots, angles, camera movements, and compositional elements. It explains that different shots like long shots, close ups, and mid-shots provide information about settings and characters. Camera angles like high angles and low angles can make subjects appear larger or smaller. Camera movements such as panning, tilting, and zooming add dynamism. Composition principles like the rule of thirds help frame shots effectively. The purpose of understanding these techniques is to manipulate what viewers see and how they interpret visual information.

1. Cinematography
By: Rikhel Trivedi

2. Types of Shots Definition Effect
Long shot Shows the entire character in the frame
allowing to see the character and the
setting.
Gives the viewer a more clearer idea of the setting,
may be used to show the action taken place.
Close up A shot which lets us see clear and detailed
of the subject.
Used to show clear detail of a character or object.
Able to see facial expressions which can help imply
the characters thoughts and feelings.
Mid-shot A shot only showing more detail than a
close and less than a long shot normally
from waist up in a character.
Mid-shot show the distance between subjects and can
see body language and can clearly imply the relation
between characters.
Establishing shot Simply a shot which establishes the
setting.
Normally used to make the audience see the head of
the setting, shows where the action will take place in.
Two shot When two people are in the shot either
talking or standing quiet. Shows two
people within the frame.
Allows the audience to see the links between the two
people in the frame either they are friends or
strangers.
Point of view A camera shot which shows the a view
from a person perspective so exactly what
they see.
Able to see what the character is seeing from their
perspective, making the audience see clearly what the
director wants us to look at.
Over the shoulder When the camera is placed behind one
subjects shoulder normally used in
conversations.
Helps to see the interaction between the characters
and connection between the characters.

3. Types of Angles Definition Effect
Birds-eye view Birds eye view is generally a
view which is elevated up
from an object making the
viewer seem as the viewer is
in the sky.
To make the viewer see the
setting from a birds
perspective from the sky.
High Angle When the camera is
positioned normally above
the eye line filming down to
the subject.
To make the subject seem
smaller allowing the subject
look powerlessness and
weak.
Low Angle When the camera is
positioned normally below
the eye level filming up to
the subject.
To make the subject seem
large making the subject or
object look superior.
Canted Angle A shot when the camera is
set on a angle where the
camera is titled on its roll
axis making the subject
composed with the vertical
lines.
Creates an dramatic effect as
it helps to show the
instability of a object or
characters point of view.

4. Types of Movement Definition Example
Panning When moving the camera
from one side to another,
from left to right or right to
left.
When following a moving
object from left to right or
right to left.
Tilt A vertical movement where
the camera points up or down
.
Similar to Panning but moving
the camera from up to down.
The camera facing the sky
and then coming down to
showing the scene.
Zoom When changing the focal
length of the lens either to
zoom in making the subject
look closer or to zoom out to
make the subject look further
away.
Zoom in, having to see a far
object look closer.
Zoom out, having to a object
look further away.
Dolly/Tracking When the camera is placed on
a Dolly which makes the
camera capable on moving
around.
When following a moving
character by using a dolly.

5. Type of Composition Definition Effect
Rule of thirds The concept in which the
shot is divided into nine
sections, which acts as a
guide to filmmakers on where
to position
objects/characters within the
shot
As the concept of having the frame
divided into 9 sections if helps to
frame different types of shots such
as over the shoulder shot. Helps to
create a camera shot by framing
the shot within the nine sections.
Depth of fields The space between the
closest subject and the
furthest subject
Depth of fields allow the audience
to see the distance from the
nearest object to the furthest
object to the camera.
Focus Pull When the focus sharpens
from on object to another
during the same shot.
Easy to grabs the audiences
attention making them focus on
what the camera is focusing on.
Often used in horror movies to
show what's coming from the back.