This document discusses various camera shots and techniques used in filmmaking, including their purposes. It describes establishing shots, long shots, wide shots, medium shots, close-ups, point-of-view shots, two-shots, overhead shots, angles (high, low, canted), camera movements (pan, tilt, track, zoom, dolly), composition techniques (shallow focus, deep focus, symmetry, asymmetry, rule of thirds, balance), and focus pulls. The document provides examples of how each shot or technique is used and the intended effects on the viewer.

1. By Gabriella ,Ewelina and Nikol

2. Establishing Shot
Establishing Shot – Shows you where
the scene is set.
Purpose : to establish a location and
give the viewer a rough idea of where
the scene is set.

3. Long and wide Shots
Long Shot
A shot that depicts an entire
character or object from head
to foot. Not as long as an
establishing shot.
Purpose:
This allows the viewer to
understand the relationship
between the characters and
their environment.
Wide Shot : Shows you
more information about
a event or a object.
Purpose:
To allow the viewer to
see more detail/

4. Mid/Medium Shot
Medium Shot
This shows half of the body.
The shot is taken from above
the head to just below the
waist.
Purpose:
This allows you to get to
know the character more
closely by viewing their facial
expressions and body
language.

5. Close up and Extreme close up shot
Close Up
This is a shot taken of a person’s head from just
above the head to the top of the upper chest. It
can also be used to film an object at close
range. It contains little or no background.
Purpose:
This used to introduce a character and allows
the character to show emotions. It can be used
to heighten tension.
Extreme close up shot
This is a very close shot showing the
detail of an object or the physical
features of a person.
Purpose:
To make the viewer aware of some
specific detail in the film. It can be
used to heighten tension.

6. POV (Point of view)
POV shot
A shot that depicts the point
of view of a character so that
we see exactly what they
see. Often used in Horror
cinema to see the world
through a killer's eyes.
Purpose:
To feel as if you are the
character and to experience
the same thing as them.

7. Two Shot
Two-Shot
A medium shot
that depicts two
people in the
frame.
Purpose:
To show the
relationship
between two
people.

8. Overhead and over the shoulder shots
Overhead shot
The camera is placed overhead or directly
above the object or scene.
Purpose:
Characters and objects are made to look
small and vulnerable. A character or
object could be followed at a different
speed or pace.
Over-The-Shoulder Shot
A shot where the camera is positioned
behind one subject's shoulder, usually
during a conversation. It implies a
connection between the speakers as
opposed to the single shot that suggests
distance.
Purpose:
To show dominance for example, the
person that is taking up most of the
screen is the dominant one.

9. CAM Angles
High ,Low and Canted/Oblique
High Angle Shot
The camera is placed above
and looks down on the
subject or object.
Purpose:
It is used to make the
character look small and
also indicate that the
character is weak or
inferior.
Low Angle Shot
The camera is placed
looking up on the subject
or object.
Purpose:
It is used to make the
character look big and
indicates that the
character is powerful and
dominant.
Canted / oblique
Camera angle which
makes the shot seem
tilted.

10. CAM Movement
Pan
Panning (movement)
A shot where the camera
moves continuously right to
left or left to right.
Purpose:
It is often used in the
opening scene of a movie or
can be used to show the
landscape from the view of
the characters.

11. Tilt
Tilt (movement)
A shot where the
camera moves
continuously Up to
Down or Down To Up
Purpose:
It is used to show the
character from head to
toe and can emphasize
size. It can also indicate
speed and reaction.

12. Track
Tracking (movement)
The camera moves along with the actors or
the action. The camera is usually on wheels.
Purpose:
It engages the viewer in the action where
they can feel part of it.

13. Zoom and reverse zoom
Zoom and Reverse zoom
The camera moves towards or away from a particular
object.
Purpose:
It is used to make objects appear closer or further away.

14. Dolly
Dolly (movement)
The camera moves towards or away
from the character. The camera is often
placed on wheels to allow for a smooth
movement.
Purpose:
It allows you to follow the characters or
the action, from one place to another.

15. Composition
Shallow focus and Deep focus
Shallow focus (composition)
The opposite of deep focus, where the depth
of field is smaller keeping only one plane in
sharp focus.
Deep Focus (composition)
A shot that keeps the foreground, middle
ground and background ALL in sharp
focus.

16. Symmetry and Asymmetry
Asymmetry – The opposite of
symmetrical, when a photo is
asymetrical on both sides – shows
disorder.
Purpose : used to show lack of
symmetry, or unevenness, to create
visual interest, tension and
movement.
Symmety – When the shot is equally
symmetrical or balanced on both sides –
shows order.
Purpose : To show peace , order and
can represent perfection.

17. Balance and Rule of thirds
The rule of thirds
(composition)
Is a concept in video and
film production in which
the frame is divided into
into nine imaginary
sections.. This creates
reference points which act
as guides for framing the
image
Balance
The way we carefully place
objects or subjects in a
frame to show balance.
Eg. Putting colours that
look well together into a
frame.

18. Focus pulls
Focus Pulls : Changes focus
during a shot. Usually means
adjusting to focus on
something/ someone in
particular.
Purpose : To outline the
importance of something/
someone/