Chronic Inflammation by Akash Das
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This PPT is all about Chronic Inflammation Contact: 9051573288 , ad572886@gmail.com Akash Das BMRIT 2nd Year
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Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is characterized by prolonged inflammation lasting weeks to years, involving simultaneous tissue injury, healing through fibrosis, and continuing inflammation. It is driven by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, along with tissue destruction by their inflammatory products and repair through angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation that is not resolved or from persistent infections, immune-mediated diseases, prolonged toxic exposures, or recurrent injury interrupting the healing process. The dominant cells in chronic inflammation are macrophages and lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines and antibodies driving further inflammation in many autoimmune and chronic diseases.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It defines chronic inflammation as a prolonged process where tissue destruction and inflammation occur simultaneously. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation becoming chronic, recurrent acute inflammation, or starting as a chronic process. It is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and proliferative changes. The main cell types involved are macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and sometimes giant cells. Chronic inflammation can lead to risks like cardiovascular disease and cancer if left unchecked.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation can last for months or years and is driven by macrophages and lymphocytes. It can be caused by persistent infections, autoimmune reactions, and foreign bodies. Activated macrophages and T cells secrete cytokines and growth factors that lead to tissue damage and fibrosis over time. Macrophages and T cells also interact and stimulate each other, prolonging the inflammatory response. Granulomas are clusters of macrophages that form in response to chronic inflammation and surround foreign materials to isolate them.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It defines chronic inflammation as a prolonged inflammatory response lasting weeks or months where inflammation, tissue injury, and repair occur simultaneously. Chronic inflammation can be caused by persistent infections, hypersensitivity reactions, prolonged toxic exposures, or recurrent acute inflammation. It is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction or necrosis, and attempts at healing. Macrophages and lymphocytes are the major cell types involved. Macrophages play key roles through phagocytosis, tissue repair, and secreting inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation can also involve plasma cells, mast cells, and eosinophils and their mediators. Granulomatous inflammation is a specific type of chronic inflammation forming granulomas made of epithelio
Chronic inflammation
1) Chronic inflammation is inflammation of prolonged duration that can occur following acute inflammation or persistently as active inflammation, often resulting in tissue destruction and repair processes.
2) Causes of chronic inflammation include persistent infections, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, and autoimmunity.
3) Morphological features of chronic inflammation are characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, tissue destruction by these inflammatory cells, and attempts at repair through fibrosis and new blood vessel formation.
chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a prolonged host response to persistent stimuli that involves lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells. It is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells and macrophages, tissue destruction by inflammatory cells, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation turning persistent, infections, hypersensitivity, or prolonged toxic exposure. It causes diseases like atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Granulomatous inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation seen in diseases like tuberculosis that involves collections of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells forming granulomas.
Pathology of Healing & repair
may start early after tissue damage
regeneration
by parenchymal cells of the same type
reparation
replacement by connective tissue (fibrosis)
result - scar
Chronic inflammation 2-1-2
Chronic inflammation is inflammation of prolonged duration that involves ongoing active inflammation, tissue injury, and simultaneous healing. It can be caused by persistent infections, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, or autoimmunity. Morphologically, it is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, as well as ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at repair through angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation involves recruitment and accumulation of macrophages from the blood and their activation, leading to effects like increased cytokine production. Other cells like mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils may also be present. Granulomatous inflammation features collections of macrophages that form granulomas. Chronic inflammation can also cause systemic effects through the acute
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Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is characterized by prolonged inflammation lasting weeks to years, involving simultaneous tissue injury, healing through fibrosis, and continuing inflammation. It is driven by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, along with tissue destruction by their inflammatory products and repair through angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation that is not resolved or from persistent infections, immune-mediated diseases, prolonged toxic exposures, or recurrent injury interrupting the healing process. The dominant cells in chronic inflammation are macrophages and lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines and antibodies driving further inflammation in many autoimmune and chronic diseases.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It defines chronic inflammation as a prolonged process where tissue destruction and inflammation occur simultaneously. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation becoming chronic, recurrent acute inflammation, or starting as a chronic process. It is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and proliferative changes. The main cell types involved are macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and sometimes giant cells. Chronic inflammation can lead to risks like cardiovascular disease and cancer if left unchecked.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation can last for months or years and is driven by macrophages and lymphocytes. It can be caused by persistent infections, autoimmune reactions, and foreign bodies. Activated macrophages and T cells secrete cytokines and growth factors that lead to tissue damage and fibrosis over time. Macrophages and T cells also interact and stimulate each other, prolonging the inflammatory response. Granulomas are clusters of macrophages that form in response to chronic inflammation and surround foreign materials to isolate them.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It defines chronic inflammation as a prolonged inflammatory response lasting weeks or months where inflammation, tissue injury, and repair occur simultaneously. Chronic inflammation can be caused by persistent infections, hypersensitivity reactions, prolonged toxic exposures, or recurrent acute inflammation. It is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction or necrosis, and attempts at healing. Macrophages and lymphocytes are the major cell types involved. Macrophages play key roles through phagocytosis, tissue repair, and secreting inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation can also involve plasma cells, mast cells, and eosinophils and their mediators. Granulomatous inflammation is a specific type of chronic inflammation forming granulomas made of epithelio
Chronic inflammation
1) Chronic inflammation is inflammation of prolonged duration that can occur following acute inflammation or persistently as active inflammation, often resulting in tissue destruction and repair processes.
2) Causes of chronic inflammation include persistent infections, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, and autoimmunity.
3) Morphological features of chronic inflammation are characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, tissue destruction by these inflammatory cells, and attempts at repair through fibrosis and new blood vessel formation.
chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a prolonged host response to persistent stimuli that involves lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells. It is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells and macrophages, tissue destruction by inflammatory cells, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation turning persistent, infections, hypersensitivity, or prolonged toxic exposure. It causes diseases like atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Granulomatous inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation seen in diseases like tuberculosis that involves collections of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells forming granulomas.
Pathology of Healing & repair
may start early after tissue damage
regeneration
by parenchymal cells of the same type
reparation
replacement by connective tissue (fibrosis)
result - scar
Chronic inflammation 2-1-2
Chronic inflammation is inflammation of prolonged duration that involves ongoing active inflammation, tissue injury, and simultaneous healing. It can be caused by persistent infections, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, or autoimmunity. Morphologically, it is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, as well as ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at repair through angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation involves recruitment and accumulation of macrophages from the blood and their activation, leading to effects like increased cytokine production. Other cells like mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils may also be present. Granulomatous inflammation features collections of macrophages that form granulomas. Chronic inflammation can also cause systemic effects through the acute
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. It can be physiologic, such as during pregnancy, or pathologic, such as with excessive hormone stimulation. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size within an organ or tissue, often due to increased functional demands. Atrophy is a decrease in cell and organ size due to loss of cell substance from factors like disuse or inadequate nutrition. Metaplasia is a reversible change where one adult cell type replaces another, such as squamous replacing columnar epithelium from chronic irritation. These changes can sometimes progress to cancer if the predisposing stimuli persist long-term.
Healing and repair
1. Tissue repair involves regeneration of injured tissue or replacement by connective tissue scarring. It involves cell proliferation and interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix.
2. Tissues are divided into continuously dividing, stable, and permanent groups based on their ability to proliferate. Continuously dividing tissues like skin regenerate easily while permanent tissues like neurons cannot regenerate after injury.
3. Growth factors and the extracellular matrix play important roles in tissue repair by stimulating cell growth and movement. Repair occurs through regeneration in labile tissues and scarring in others when injury is too severe for regeneration.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Vascular Changes , External manifestation of acute inflammation , CARDINAL SIGNS.
Chemotaxis , Steps of Mechanism, features of acute and chronic inflammation
Opsonization, Vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation , CHANGE IN VASCULAR FLOW AND CALIBER , OUTCOMES OF VASCULAR CHANGES ,
Phagocytosis , CHEMOTAXIS OF LEUKOCYTES ,OPSONINS , SEQUENTIAL STEPS of phagocytosis , Receptors, Engulfment, Killing and degeneration, Reactive Oxygen Species[ROS] , Reactive Nitrogen Species , Granules Enzymes & other proteins , Fate of Acute Inflammation
Inflammation
aetiology of inflammation; types of inflammation; how inflammation occur; cells involve in inflammation; role of wbc in inflammation; outcome of inflammation; how inflammation associated with immunity, clotting system, complementary system kinin system, how inflammation is associated with oral cavity; disease associated with inflammatory system
Metaplasia (1)
Metaplasia is a reversible change where one adult cell type replaces another in response to stress. For example, in smokers the ciliated trachea cells are often replaced with squamous cells. This change arises from the reprogramming of stem cells due to signals from cytokines, growth factors and the extracellular matrix. If the stress persists, metaplasia can predispose the tissue to malignant transformation.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation and tissue destruction occurring simultaneously. It can result from acute inflammation persisting, recurrent acute attacks, or starting de novo from low pathogenicity organisms. Features include mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and proliferative changes like granulation tissue formation and fibrosis. Examples given are tuberculosis, leprosy, and actinomycosis. Granulomas are characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation and are composed of epithelioid cells, giant cells, lymphocytes, and may show caseation necrosis.
Inflammation
This document summarizes the key aspects of inflammation. It begins by defining inflammation and describing the cardinal signs. It then discusses the etiological factors, types of inflammation (acute vs chronic), and the haemodynamic and cellular events in acute inflammation. Specifically, it outlines the vascular changes, increased permeability, exudation of leukocytes, and process of phagocytosis. It also discusses the chemical mediators of inflammation like histamine, kinins, cytokines, prostaglandins, and the resolution of inflammation. Finally, it concludes that inflammation is an important immune response but better understanding its pathways could aid in treating diseases.
Chronic inflammation
(1) Chronic inflammation involves the prolonged presence of inflammatory cells, tissue injury, and attempts at repair over weeks or months. (2) The key cells involved are macrophages, which attempt to eliminate injurious agents but also cause tissue damage by secreting inflammatory mediators, and lymphocytes, which amplify and propagate the inflammatory response. (3) Chronic inflammation can result from persistent infections, hypersensitivity reactions, or prolonged exposure to toxic agents, and is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells and attempts to repair damaged tissue through fibrosis.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It describes chronic inflammation as inflammation of prolonged duration involving ongoing inflammation, tissue injury, and attempts at repair. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Macrophages are a key player in chronic inflammation by secreting cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, and other inflammatory mediators that can cause both inflammatory tissue injury and repair. Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation seen in some infectious and noninfectious conditions, where macrophages form aggregates surrounded by lymphocytes called granulomas in an attempt to control difficult to eradicate agents.
Granuloma lecture st
Granuloma is defined as a localized collection of modified macrophages called epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes. It forms as an immune response to foreign substances that cannot be easily eliminated by the body. A granuloma contains epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells formed by the fusion of macrophages, and a rim of lymphocytes, and may develop central caseous necrosis. Tuberculosis causes immune granulomas known as tubercles, which typically feature caseating necrosis. Granulomas aim to wall off pathogens and prevent their spread in the body.
Pathology healing and repair stmu
Repair by connective tissue occurs when severe or persistent tissue injury damages both parenchymal cells and the stromal framework, preventing repair through parenchymal regeneration alone. Instead, repair happens through replacement of the non-regenerated parenchymal cells with connective tissue. The process involves formation of new blood vessels, migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and maturation/reorganization of the fibrous tissue through remodeling. Factors like nutrition, infection, mechanical forces, and localization/size of the wound can influence wound healing outcomes. Complications include inadequate healing, wound dehiscence, exuberant scarring, ulceration, and non-healing wounds.
Chronic inflammation
1. Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation where tissue destruction and inflammation occur simultaneously over a long period.
2. It can occur through three pathways: following acute inflammation, recurrent acute attacks, or starting gradually without an initial acute phase.
3. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear infiltration, ongoing tissue damage or necrosis, and proliferative changes in tissues.
Cell Injury and Cell Death
This document provides an overview of cell injury and cell death processes presented by Dr. Marc Imhotep Cray. It discusses reversible cell injury mechanisms including hydropic swelling, intracellular accumulations, and cellular adaptation processes. It also covers irreversible cell injury mechanisms of necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis types such as coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and fat necrosis are described. The document provides histological images and discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in different types of cell injury and death.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is inflammation that lasts for weeks or months. It can be caused by persistent infections, immune-mediated diseases, or toxic agents. The key features are infiltration by mononuclear cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, ongoing tissue destruction, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and new blood vessel formation. Activated macrophages play a major role by releasing factors that cause further tissue injury and scar formation. Granulomatous inflammation is a pattern of chronic inflammation seen in some infectious and noninfectious conditions. It involves the formation of granulomas, which are microscopic aggregations of macrophages that form giant cells and are surrounded by lymphocytes in an attempt to contain hard to eliminate agents.
Difference between acute and chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation is the early response of the body to short-term adverse stimuli and is not specific, involving dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, histiocytes, resistant macrophages, and mast cells in response to physical or chemical damage or pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is the prolonged inflammatory response lasting months or years, is specific involving acquired immunity, and responds to prolonged irritation by microorganisms through fibrosis and angiogenesis involving macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Atrophy
Atrophy is the shrinkage of cells and tissues due to loss of cell substance. There are two types of atrophy: physiologic and pathologic. Physiologic atrophy occurs normally, such as the uterus after childbirth. Pathologic atrophy is caused by factors like decreased blood supply, nutrition, or innervation. At the cellular level, atrophy occurs through decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy. While cells may have reduced function during atrophy, they are not dead, and atrophy can sometimes be reversed.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is prolonged inflammation that can last weeks to years. It involves ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at repair through fibrosis. It can follow acute inflammation or result from persistent infections like tuberculosis. Common features include mononuclear cell infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as proliferative changes like angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can be non-specific or granulomatous, characterized by granulomas which form to contain hard to eliminate agents and involve epithelioid cells, giant cells, and caseous necrosis. Examples include chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis.
Chronic inflammation /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Inflammation
This document provides an overview of inflammation. It discusses how inflammation is the body's protective response to eliminate infectious agents and damage. Inflammation involves immune cells, blood vessels, and proteins that work to remove the cause of injury and initiate repair. The signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Acute inflammation is rapid and short, while chronic inflammation is longer lasting. Chemical mediators produced by cells induce and regulate the inflammatory response.
Neoplasia
This document discusses neoplasia and provides classifications of tumors. It defines a neoplasm as an abnormal mass of tissue whose growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue. Tumors are classified as benign or malignant. Benign tumors are noncancerous growths named by adding "-oma" to the cell of origin (e.g. fibroblast tumor is called a fibroma). Malignant tumors are cancers, with sarcomas arising from mesenchymal tissues and carcinomas from epithelial tissues. Malignant tumors are less differentiated, irregular in shape, invade surrounding tissues, and are usually larger than benign tumors.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.pptx
Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation that involves simultaneous tissue destruction and inflammation. It can arise from acute inflammation that becomes extensive, recurrent acute attacks, or from infections by low-pathogenicity organisms. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration including macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Macrophages release proteases and other factors that cause tissue destruction and necrosis. This leads to proliferative changes including new blood vessel formation and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can cause systemic effects like fever, anemia, leucocytosis, and elevated ESR. It is classified into non-specific and granulomatous types based on histological features. Granulomas are circumscribed lesions composed of epithelioid cells, multinu
Inflammation by Ahmad
The document defines inflammation and its advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the players involved in the inflammatory response, including circulating cells, vascular wall cells, and the extracellular matrix. It describes acute and chronic inflammation, distinguishing their features. Chronic inflammation arises from acute inflammation when the stimulus cannot be resolved. It involves macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells and can be granulomatous or non-granulomatous.
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Metaplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. It can be physiologic, such as during pregnancy, or pathologic, such as with excessive hormone stimulation. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size within an organ or tissue, often due to increased functional demands. Atrophy is a decrease in cell and organ size due to loss of cell substance from factors like disuse or inadequate nutrition. Metaplasia is a reversible change where one adult cell type replaces another, such as squamous replacing columnar epithelium from chronic irritation. These changes can sometimes progress to cancer if the predisposing stimuli persist long-term.
Healing and repair
1. Tissue repair involves regeneration of injured tissue or replacement by connective tissue scarring. It involves cell proliferation and interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix.
2. Tissues are divided into continuously dividing, stable, and permanent groups based on their ability to proliferate. Continuously dividing tissues like skin regenerate easily while permanent tissues like neurons cannot regenerate after injury.
3. Growth factors and the extracellular matrix play important roles in tissue repair by stimulating cell growth and movement. Repair occurs through regeneration in labile tissues and scarring in others when injury is too severe for regeneration.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Vascular Changes , External manifestation of acute inflammation , CARDINAL SIGNS.
Chemotaxis , Steps of Mechanism, features of acute and chronic inflammation
Opsonization, Vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation , CHANGE IN VASCULAR FLOW AND CALIBER , OUTCOMES OF VASCULAR CHANGES ,
Phagocytosis , CHEMOTAXIS OF LEUKOCYTES ,OPSONINS , SEQUENTIAL STEPS of phagocytosis , Receptors, Engulfment, Killing and degeneration, Reactive Oxygen Species[ROS] , Reactive Nitrogen Species , Granules Enzymes & other proteins , Fate of Acute Inflammation
Inflammation
aetiology of inflammation; types of inflammation; how inflammation occur; cells involve in inflammation; role of wbc in inflammation; outcome of inflammation; how inflammation associated with immunity, clotting system, complementary system kinin system, how inflammation is associated with oral cavity; disease associated with inflammatory system
Metaplasia (1)
Metaplasia is a reversible change where one adult cell type replaces another in response to stress. For example, in smokers the ciliated trachea cells are often replaced with squamous cells. This change arises from the reprogramming of stem cells due to signals from cytokines, growth factors and the extracellular matrix. If the stress persists, metaplasia can predispose the tissue to malignant transformation.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation and tissue destruction occurring simultaneously. It can result from acute inflammation persisting, recurrent acute attacks, or starting de novo from low pathogenicity organisms. Features include mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and proliferative changes like granulation tissue formation and fibrosis. Examples given are tuberculosis, leprosy, and actinomycosis. Granulomas are characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation and are composed of epithelioid cells, giant cells, lymphocytes, and may show caseation necrosis.
Inflammation
This document summarizes the key aspects of inflammation. It begins by defining inflammation and describing the cardinal signs. It then discusses the etiological factors, types of inflammation (acute vs chronic), and the haemodynamic and cellular events in acute inflammation. Specifically, it outlines the vascular changes, increased permeability, exudation of leukocytes, and process of phagocytosis. It also discusses the chemical mediators of inflammation like histamine, kinins, cytokines, prostaglandins, and the resolution of inflammation. Finally, it concludes that inflammation is an important immune response but better understanding its pathways could aid in treating diseases.
Chronic inflammation
(1) Chronic inflammation involves the prolonged presence of inflammatory cells, tissue injury, and attempts at repair over weeks or months. (2) The key cells involved are macrophages, which attempt to eliminate injurious agents but also cause tissue damage by secreting inflammatory mediators, and lymphocytes, which amplify and propagate the inflammatory response. (3) Chronic inflammation can result from persistent infections, hypersensitivity reactions, or prolonged exposure to toxic agents, and is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells and attempts to repair damaged tissue through fibrosis.
Chronic inflammation
This document discusses chronic inflammation. It describes chronic inflammation as inflammation of prolonged duration involving ongoing inflammation, tissue injury, and attempts at repair. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Macrophages are a key player in chronic inflammation by secreting cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, and other inflammatory mediators that can cause both inflammatory tissue injury and repair. Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation seen in some infectious and noninfectious conditions, where macrophages form aggregates surrounded by lymphocytes called granulomas in an attempt to control difficult to eradicate agents.
Granuloma lecture st
Granuloma is defined as a localized collection of modified macrophages called epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes. It forms as an immune response to foreign substances that cannot be easily eliminated by the body. A granuloma contains epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells formed by the fusion of macrophages, and a rim of lymphocytes, and may develop central caseous necrosis. Tuberculosis causes immune granulomas known as tubercles, which typically feature caseating necrosis. Granulomas aim to wall off pathogens and prevent their spread in the body.
Pathology healing and repair stmu
Repair by connective tissue occurs when severe or persistent tissue injury damages both parenchymal cells and the stromal framework, preventing repair through parenchymal regeneration alone. Instead, repair happens through replacement of the non-regenerated parenchymal cells with connective tissue. The process involves formation of new blood vessels, migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and maturation/reorganization of the fibrous tissue through remodeling. Factors like nutrition, infection, mechanical forces, and localization/size of the wound can influence wound healing outcomes. Complications include inadequate healing, wound dehiscence, exuberant scarring, ulceration, and non-healing wounds.
Chronic inflammation
1. Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation where tissue destruction and inflammation occur simultaneously over a long period.
2. It can occur through three pathways: following acute inflammation, recurrent acute attacks, or starting gradually without an initial acute phase.
3. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear infiltration, ongoing tissue damage or necrosis, and proliferative changes in tissues.
Cell Injury and Cell Death
This document provides an overview of cell injury and cell death processes presented by Dr. Marc Imhotep Cray. It discusses reversible cell injury mechanisms including hydropic swelling, intracellular accumulations, and cellular adaptation processes. It also covers irreversible cell injury mechanisms of necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis types such as coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and fat necrosis are described. The document provides histological images and discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in different types of cell injury and death.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is inflammation that lasts for weeks or months. It can be caused by persistent infections, immune-mediated diseases, or toxic agents. The key features are infiltration by mononuclear cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, ongoing tissue destruction, and attempts at healing through fibrosis and new blood vessel formation. Activated macrophages play a major role by releasing factors that cause further tissue injury and scar formation. Granulomatous inflammation is a pattern of chronic inflammation seen in some infectious and noninfectious conditions. It involves the formation of granulomas, which are microscopic aggregations of macrophages that form giant cells and are surrounded by lymphocytes in an attempt to contain hard to eliminate agents.
Difference between acute and chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation is the early response of the body to short-term adverse stimuli and is not specific, involving dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, histiocytes, resistant macrophages, and mast cells in response to physical or chemical damage or pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is the prolonged inflammatory response lasting months or years, is specific involving acquired immunity, and responds to prolonged irritation by microorganisms through fibrosis and angiogenesis involving macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Atrophy
Atrophy is the shrinkage of cells and tissues due to loss of cell substance. There are two types of atrophy: physiologic and pathologic. Physiologic atrophy occurs normally, such as the uterus after childbirth. Pathologic atrophy is caused by factors like decreased blood supply, nutrition, or innervation. At the cellular level, atrophy occurs through decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy. While cells may have reduced function during atrophy, they are not dead, and atrophy can sometimes be reversed.
Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is prolonged inflammation that can last weeks to years. It involves ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at repair through fibrosis. It can follow acute inflammation or result from persistent infections like tuberculosis. Common features include mononuclear cell infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as proliferative changes like angiogenesis and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can be non-specific or granulomatous, characterized by granulomas which form to contain hard to eliminate agents and involve epithelioid cells, giant cells, and caseous necrosis. Examples include chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis.
Chronic inflammation /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Inflammation
This document provides an overview of inflammation. It discusses how inflammation is the body's protective response to eliminate infectious agents and damage. Inflammation involves immune cells, blood vessels, and proteins that work to remove the cause of injury and initiate repair. The signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Acute inflammation is rapid and short, while chronic inflammation is longer lasting. Chemical mediators produced by cells induce and regulate the inflammatory response.
Neoplasia
This document discusses neoplasia and provides classifications of tumors. It defines a neoplasm as an abnormal mass of tissue whose growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue. Tumors are classified as benign or malignant. Benign tumors are noncancerous growths named by adding "-oma" to the cell of origin (e.g. fibroblast tumor is called a fibroma). Malignant tumors are cancers, with sarcomas arising from mesenchymal tissues and carcinomas from epithelial tissues. Malignant tumors are less differentiated, irregular in shape, invade surrounding tissues, and are usually larger than benign tumors.
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Chronic inflammation /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
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Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation that involves simultaneous tissue destruction and inflammation. It can arise from acute inflammation that becomes extensive, recurrent acute attacks, or from infections by low-pathogenicity organisms. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration including macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Macrophages release proteases and other factors that cause tissue destruction and necrosis. This leads to proliferative changes including new blood vessel formation and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation can cause systemic effects like fever, anemia, leucocytosis, and elevated ESR. It is classified into non-specific and granulomatous types based on histological features. Granulomas are circumscribed lesions composed of epithelioid cells, multinu
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1. Chronic inflammation is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and occurs over a prolonged period due to persistent stimuli. It can lead to tissue destruction, necrosis, and proliferative changes like granulation tissue formation and fibrosis.
2. Granulomatous inflammation is a type of chronic inflammation where injurious agents cause formation of granulomas, which are composed of epitheloid cells, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and may include caseation necrosis.
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This document summarizes inflammation and its key aspects. It describes inflammation as the body's protective response to eliminate injurious agents, damaged tissues, and necrotic cells. The signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function. There are two major components of acute inflammation - vascular changes that increase blood flow and permeability, and cellular events involving leukocyte recruitment and activation through phagocytosis. Chronic inflammation is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, tissue destruction, repair, and fibrosis over prolonged periods.
3. inflammation best.ppt
This document summarizes the key components of the immune system and inflammatory response. It discusses the innate and acquired immune responses, types of leukocytes including granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. It also describes the process of phagocytosis and how neutrophils and macrophages respond to pathogens through phagocytosis and secretion of chemical mediators. Additionally, it covers the general features of inflammation including signs and symptoms, and differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
Inflammation overview
1. The document discusses inflammation, describing it as the body's protective response to injury or infection that helps rid the body of damaging stimuli and initiate repair of tissues.
2. It notes the four cardinal signs of inflammation as heat, redness, swelling, and pain, and explains the causes, types, and components of the inflammatory response.
3. The summary outlines the functions of inflammation in destroying pathogens, limiting their spread, and repairing damaged tissues, as well as the roles of plasma proteins, leukocytes, and tissue phagocytes in mounting an inflammatory response.
Inflammation
This document provides an overview of inflammation. It defines inflammation and describes the signs and types, including acute and chronic inflammation. For acute inflammation, it details the vascular events of altered microvasculature, including hemodynamic changes and increased vascular permeability. It also describes the cellular events of exudation of leukocytes and phagocytosis. It lists the chemical mediators of inflammation released by cells and originating from plasma. It discusses the regulation of inflammation and factors determining the inflammatory response. It outlines the morphology, systemic effects, and fate of acute inflammation. It defines chronic inflammation and describes its causes, features, types, histological features, and systemic effects.
Rational of endodontic treatment/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental ...
Rational of endodontic treatment/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Endodontic treatment aims to remove infected pulp from the tooth canal and fill the space to prevent further infection. Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection and involves vascular changes, immune cell infiltration, and tissue changes. The goal of inflammation is to destroy the irritant and repair the tissue. Successful endodontic treatment relies on controlling or resolving inflammation in the tooth and surrounding tissues.5. chronic inflammation and repair
Chronic inflammation is a prolonged inflammatory response that can last for weeks or months. It is characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages and lymphocytes. Macrophages secrete cytokines and growth factors that propagate the chronic inflammation. Lymphocytes also activate and amplify the chronic inflammation. This leads to ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at healing. Chronic inflammation can result from persistent infections, autoimmune diseases, or prolonged exposure to toxic agents. It involves different cells and mediators compared to acute inflammation and can result in the formation of granulomas or scars.
INFLAMMATION.pptx
Inflammation can be either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is short-lived, involving neutrophils and fluid/protein exudation to repair injured tissue. Chronic inflammation lasts months to years, associated with lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessel growth and fibrosis. Chronic inflammation occurs when an irritant persists and the acute response cannot resolve it, leading to long-term tissue damage and systemic effects like fever and anemia.
2.Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is defined as prolonged inflammation that lasts for longer than 6 weeks. It is characterized by simultaneous ongoing tissue destruction and attempts at healing. It can develop from acute inflammation that persists over time, repeated acute attacks, or a mild initial response. Key features include infiltration of mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Compared to acute inflammation, it has minimal vascular changes and fibrosis or scarring occurs over time as the body attempts repair. Chronic inflammation can lead to conditions like fibrosis or granuloma formation and is implicated in various diseases.
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Chronic Inflammation by Akash Das
- 1. Chronic Inflammation By, Akash Das Student code- BWU/BRI/19/005 Paper Code- BMRIT-302
- 2. • What is Inflammation? Ans. Inflammation is the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants. Chronic Inflammation Inflammation Chronic Inflammation Acute Inflammation Fig- 1: Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- 3. • Chronic inflammation refers to a prolonged inflammatory response that involves a progressive change in the type of cells present at the site of inflammation. • It is a type of inflammation in which inflammation, tissue injury and attempts at repair coexist in varying combinations. Fig- 2: Chronic Inflammation
- 4. Common symptoms of chronic inflammation include is- I. Fever II. Mouth sores III. Rashes IV. Abdominal pain V. Chest pain **These symptoms can range from mild to severe and last for several months or years. Fig- 3: Fever Fig- 4: Rashes
- 5. • Persistent Infections • Hypersensitivity Diseases / Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases • Prolonged Exposer to Toxic Agents • Chronic inflammation following acute inflammation • Recurrent attacks of acute inflammation • Chronic inflammation starting de novo
- 6. There are many cells which could trigger the Chronic Inflammation- • Macrophages • Lymphocytes • Plasma Cells • Eosinophils • Mast Cells • Neutrophils Fig- 5: Macrophage Fig- 9: Mast Cell Fig- 10: Neutrophil Fig- 6: Lymphocyte Fig- 8: Eosinophil Fig- 7: Plasma Cell
- 7. Macrophages are the dominant cells in most of the chronic inflammation. • Macrophages • Functions of Macrophages 1. Phagocytosis 2. Initiates Tissue Repair 3. Secrets Inflammatory Mediators 4. Displays Antigen to T- Lymphocytes 5. Responds to Signals from T- Lymphocytes Fig- 11: Macrophage (a)
- 8. Location Name Connective tissue Histiocyte Liver Kupffer cell Bone tissue Osteoclast Lung Alveolar macrophage (dust cell) Spleen Sinusoidal lining cell Inflamed tissue Infiltrating macrophage Names of Macrophages According to Tissue Locations
- 9. Granulomatous Inflammation: Granulomatous Inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation that is characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes and sometimes associated with central necrosis. Fig- 12: Granuloma Formation
- 10. Inflammation is a natural part of the healing process. But when it becomes chronic, it’s important to get it under control to reduce your risk of long-term damage. Some of the options that have been explored for managing inflammation include: 1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 2. Steroids Fig- 13: NSAIDs
- 11. THANK YOU