The document discusses various types of chromosomal aberrations including structural changes like deletions, duplications, translocations, and inversions. It also discusses numerical changes in chromosomes such as euploidy, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and aneuploidy. Specifically, it defines deletion as the removal of a segment of a chromosome, duplication as the addition of a segment to a chromosome in tandem or displaced positions. It also defines translocation as the transfer of a chromosome segment to another non-homologous chromosome, and inversion as the reversal of the orientation of a segment within the chromosome.

1. Chromosomal Aberrations
ABDUL JALEEL K
ASSIST.PROFESSOR
GOVT. COLLEGE KASARAGOD
jaleelkabdul@gmail.com

2. STRUCTURAL CHANGES
IN
CHROMOSOMES

3. 1. Deletion:

4. A. Terminal Deletion:

5. B. Interstitial Deletion:

6. 2. Duplication:

7. A. Tandem duplication:

8. B. Reverse Tandem duplication :

9. C. Displaced duplication:

10. D. Reverse Displaced:

11. Terminal tandem

12. 3. Translocation:

13. Translocations
• A. Simple Translocation
• B. Shift translocation
• C. Reciprocal translocation

14. A. Simple Translocation

15. B. Shift translocation

16. C. Reciprocal translocation

17. Balanced translocation

18. Robertsonian translocation

19. Inversion:

20. A. Paracentric Inversion:

21. B. Pericentric Inversion:

22. NUMERICAL CHANGES IN
CHROMOSOME

23. EUPLOIDY
ANEUPLOIDY

24. EUPLOIDY
HAPLOIDY
(N)
POLYPLOIDY
3N,4N,5N
DIPLOIDY
2N

25. POLYPLOIDY
TRIPLOIDY(3
N)
TETRAPLOID
Y(4N)
PENTAPLOID
Y(5N)
HEXAPLOIDY
(6N)

26. ANEUPLOIDY
MONOSOMY
2N-1
NULLISOMY
2N-2
TRISOMY
2N-3
TETRASOMY
2N-4
PENTASOMY
2N-5
HEXASOMY
2N-6
HEPTASOMY
2N-7

27. • an organism whose cells
have more than 2 sets of
chromosomes derived
from the same species.
Autopolyploidy
• Allopolyploid is an
organism whose cells
have multiple sets of
chromosomes derived
from a different species.
Allopolyploid

28. Autopolyploidy Allopolyploidy
The chromosome
complement consists of
more than two copies of
homologous chromosomes
The chromosome
complement consists of
more than two copies of
chromosomes derived
from different species
It arises by the fusion of
gametes of the same
species
Arises by the fusion of
gametes of the
different species
Does not undergo meiosis since it has
arisen from one parent
Can undergo meiosis
The cell contains homologous
chromosome sets
All chromosome sets of an allopolyploid
cell are not homologous
Mainly caused by non-disjunction of
chromosomes
Caused by mating of different species
Eg. wheat, oats, sugar-cane,
potato, peanut, banana,
and coffee
wheat and animals such
as mules

29. Diagram from
https://www.pathwayz.org