The document summarizes blood clotting (coagulation). It identifies that there are 13 clotting factors involved in the process by which blood loses fluid and forms a jelly-like clot after leaving the body. The key steps are: 1) formation of a prothrombin activator, 2) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and 3) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to form the clot. The clotting factors work together in a cascade through positive feedback loops to activate thrombin and fibrinogen in the clotting process.

1. BLOOD CLOTTING
ABDUL JALEEL K
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
GOVT. COLLEGE KASARAGOD

2. Coagulation or clotting is defined as the
process in which blood losses its fluid
and becomes a jelly like mass few
minutes after it is shed out or
collectedin a container.

4. THIRTEEN CLOTTING FACTORS ARE IDENTIFIED.
1.FACTOR – 1: FIBRINOGEN
2. FACTOR – II: PROTHROMBIN
3. FACTOR – III:THROMBOPLASTIN (TISSUE FACTOR)
4. FACTOR – IV: CALCIUM
5. FACTOR – V: LABILE FACTOR
6. FACTOR – VI: PRESENCE HAS NOT BEEN PROVED
7. FACTOR – VII: STABLE FACTOR
8. FACTOR – VIII: ANTIHEMOPHILLIC FACTOR ( ANTIHEMOPHILLIC GLOBULIN)
9. FACTOR – IX:CHRISTMAS FACTOR
10. FACTOR – X: STUART PROWER FACTOR
11. FACTOR – XI: PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN ANTECEDENT
12. FACTOR – XII: HAGEMAN FACTOR (CONTACT FACTOR)
13. FACTOR – XIII: FIBRIN STABILIZING FACTOR (FIBRINASE)

5. STEPS OF BLOOD CLOTTING
1)FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
2)CONVERSION OF PROTHROMBIN INTO THROMBIN
3)CONVERSION OF FIBRINOGEN INTO FIBRIN

6. XII XII A
XI
XI A
IX IX A
X XA
PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
END OTHELIALDAMAGE +COLLAGEN EXPOSURE
TISSUE TRAUMA+ THROMBOPLASTIN
(phospholipid +glycoprotein)
X X A
VII
CALCIUM
V
PHOSPHOLIPID
PLATELETS

7. PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
PROTHROMBIN
THROMBIN
+ VE FEED BACK + VE FEED BACK
CONVERSION OF PROTHROMBIN INTO THROMBIN

8. FIBRINOGEN FIBRINOGEN A
LOOSE STRANDS OF
FIBRIN
THROMBIN
FIBRIN TIGHTS BLOOD
CLOT
POLYMERISATION
FACTOR XIII & CALCIUM
FI STAGE III -FIBRINOGEN INTO FIBRIN BRINOGEN INTO
FIBRIN

9. Ref: Human Physiology by Guyton