Childhood Obesity Case Study: Rates Dramatically Increased

Childhood Obesity Case Study
During the past 20 years, rates of obesity have dramatically increase in the United States. Especially in children and youth of young adults. The
nationally obesity rate have raised with a 17 percentage from comparison to 1980's child from the ages 2–19 years. Specific research has shown that
obesity seems to be at its highest in children of the ages 2–5 years old. There are also other significant racial and ethnic inequities such as rates are
higher among minorities, Latinos and African Americans, children compared to white children. Since research has shown that drinking large amounts
of sugar–sweetened beverages has caused childhood obesity among child and diabetes. There were two case studies that reflected the research and they
are The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lustig's "Toxic Sugar Theory and I also think more information is need. Because this is just a questionnaire and bias opinion can easily be infected into
the data results. I believe that if the test subject were unaware of the test he or she is more inclined to answer what's natural to them. Then data could
have been obtained more accuracy. In Lustig experiment he used a younger group of test subjects to test his hypothesis and in the Framingham Heart
Study they used middle aged adults to test their hypothesis. With similar results; They both had some kind of scientific method for proving their
hypothesis. But neither of them had enough information to accuracy proven their
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Summary Of The Framingham Heart Study
While sleep may do the body good too much increases the risk of dementia. The Framingham Heart Study showed a twice as likely chance to get
dementia 10 years later if an individual slept for more than 9 hours. The likely hood also seemed to increase by education levels. The Framingham
Heart Study or FHS followed the sleeping pattern of a large number of adults for ten years. Researchers from the Boston University School of
Medicine,BUSM, and from FHS were able to include that oversleeping was probably only a symptom of dementia. This meant that reducing sleep will
not change the probable outcome. This has lead to the researchers to instead convince people to have themselves screen soon after noticing unusual
sleeping patterns. It may lead to an early diagnosis of dementia which can help the patient prepare for a possible future.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This article does relate to what we are learning because I'm class we are learning about how certain exercises can increase energy levels. In this
case, these exercises can be used to help lessen the symptoms of dementia that cause tiredness. It relates to me as my great grandmother on my
father's side suffered from it making me a likelihood, I also sleep a lot sometimes so maybe I need to go into my doctor for a

The Framingham Heart Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality worldwide, especially in developed countries. But they are also largely
preventable, and many studies have tried to clarify the related risk factors, and what could be done to avoid them.
The Framingham Heart Study was the first longitudinal cohort study to try to elucidate the etiology and determinants of CVDs, and it's currently the
longest running medical study in the world, celebrating it's 68 years in 2016. It is in it's third generation now (grandchildren of the original cohort),
and although it's population is mainly of white European descent, the results were fundamental in understanding the risk factors of CVDs. We
recognize the need to know if the results of this study, and its risk estimation module, could be applied to the Lebanese population, since no major
comparison study was done before in our country. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Public health efforts managed to control and dramatically reduce their incidence and prevalence, through improved sanitation and the introduction of
penicillin (1942), among other causes, but by the end of World War II, this entity was replaced by a new epidemic: cardiovascular diseases. 1 out of
every 2 deaths was caused by CVDs, but little was known about prevention and treatment, so something had to be

Cardiovascular Disease Research Paper
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is a class of disease that involve the heart or blood. The most common cardiovascular diseases are Myocardial
infarction, Congestive Heart failure and peripheral artery disease. These cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of the death in the United
States and are responsible for 17% of national health care expenditures. Every year about 610,000 people die of heart disease in the United States. Most
of the cardiovascular diseases are preventable. The main risk factors for the cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity,
family history, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia and. Most of the health care costs associated with these cardiovascular diseases
can be reduced if the individuals can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These participant's include both men and women. The information regarding the participants age, smoking habits and utilization of any medications to
reduce the blood pressure was gathered from the participants self–report whereas the blood pressure and cholesterol values were calculated by using the
appropriate measurement tool. Blood pressure value of the participants was measured by using sphygmomanometer. The participant was allowed to
relax for 5 minutes. Next, the proper blood pressure cuff was selected based on the participant arm circumference and then brachial artery was palpated
then the systolic and diastolic reading were noted while inflating and deflating the cuff.
Cholesterol values of the participants was determined by using the machine Cholestech. The participant was given a finger prick using a needle and
small sample of the blood is collected and spread on a diagnostic strip. The strip was then placed in the machine and waited for 5 to 7 minutes for the
results to appear. Then the various cholesterol values like total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol were noted.

Pros And Cons Of Imperfect Education
Ken Robinson talks on TED about what The United States of America should do about its imperfect education system. He talks about the newest
change to all schools systems called the No Child Left Behind act. If he were to visit Framingham Public Schools, he would say this school system
falls under the same imperfect educational system the rest of America has. My educational experience has been no where close to what Robinsons ideal
education system should be which is "very personalized, strong support for teachers, diverse and broad curriculum, and involves kids inside and out
of school." One part of the No Child Left Behind act is making students to be compliance with educational standards, and school rules. Schools are
told to find out what students can do and to have a standard discipline. It is cruel, "but a real education has to weigh out the arts, humanities, and
physical education." It is almost like schools have forgotten their is more than just academics in a good education. Students are not focusing in class
because of the overload in academics but, schools systems believe this is because of a ADHD epidemic. Framingham Public Schools is a great
example of why Ken Robinson would like to see change in educational systems. This school system gives many tests to ensure their students are within
the educational standard. Robinson believes the problem with testing is, the purpose of it is to tell the teacher what the student had learned of given
information, but the

Vascular Lymphatic System And Atherosclerosis
Vascular Lymphatic System/Atherosclerosis
Jazmin Fontan
Bryant & Stratton College
AHLT120: Anatomy and Physiology–1
Dr. Pamela K. Hannaman, MS, ND, CPC, CMRS, CCMA
November 18, 2015
Narrowing and hardening of the artery walls causing buildup of fatty tissues (plaque), cholesterol and other substances, which may restrict blood flow
is referred to as atherosclerosis. Having restriction of blood flow develops damage to a patients' organs and also increases the risk of heart attacks,
blood clots, and strokes overtime (WebMD, 2015). It is said to be the most common form of arteriosclerosis that forms small patches and arterial
spasms. The plaque also known as atheroma, builds up and may cause the blood clots to burst. Atherosclerosis is considered to be a heart condition,
but may also affect arteries in any part of the body and could be prevented and treated (Mayo Clinic, 2015). The arteries in the body are blood vessels
that transport blood from the heart and through the body. Endothelium, which is a thin layer of cells that lines the arteries to help keep the inside of
the arteries smooth and toned allowing normal blood flow. The disruption that leads to atherosclerosis begins when an individual smokes, and has
either high blood pressure or high cholesterol; in which begins to form atheroma. When the endothelium is damaged it causes it to become invasive
allowing bad cholesterol or LDL to enter the artery walls. In return, causing the white blood

Personal Narrative
I stared, face pressed against the glass window, leaving smeared breath marks. Trying to get my last glance at the house, but my tears making my
vision blurry. I could see faint outlines of my friends waving goodbye, I knew I'd never see them again. The car was dead silent besides the
sniffling and the sound of the car going over the bumpy road as we drove up the road until the house, my friends, and neighborhood were out of
sight. I was born in Framingham Massachusetts and we lived there happily for years. My siblings and I had lots of friends there and we also had
family close by. One day, we found out that we were moving to Sudbury, my dad's hometown. My parents came to assent and had decided that this
wasn't the place they wanted my siblings

Horace Mann Influence On American Education
All schools in the twenty–first century are different from each other, may it be how much a student learns, preparedness for after school, and teaching
methods and philosophies of education. Some schools are on the direction students to work in education, while others are geared to become future
doctors, lawyers, and business leaders. Horace Mann between 1837 and 1848, became the best–known educator in America, and the best–known
American educator throughout the world. He had a vision for what the future of America's education should look like today, and today's education does
not fulfill that vision. My education up to this point has been what you would expect out of an upper–class education system. Mann would not be
pleased with my educational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mann had believed that if everyone gets same education, that will make all equal. Mann would be glad to see everyone getting an education, but would
want everyone to have the same opportunity. Mann says, "According to the European theory, men are divided into classes,––some to toil and earn,
others to seize and enjoy. According to the Massachusetts theory, all are to have an equal chance for earning, and equal security in the enjoyment of
what they earn" (Mann). That is where Mann would see a problem in my education. I was not prepared for any opportunity I desire, my education
and America's education is not the equalizer of all citizens and "as a Means of Removing Poverty, and Securing Abundance" (Mann). The working
class schools still prepare students to be in poverty. I was prepared to be creative for a predominantly professional jobs, but not to be a

President Roosevelt Hypertension
Background
As late as about seven decades ago, elevated blood pressure was considered by many expert physicians to be necessary for the adequate perfusion of
vital organs. It was deemed as an unavoidable, hence essential, component of the aging process leading to the coining of the term "essential
hypertension". High blood pressure (BP) was considered as probable natural and necessary compensatory phenomenon that should be left alone even if
there were effective treatments (Hay, 1931; White, 1937). This notion was further strengthened by the observed elevated misery and premature death
recorded for the patients that were treated for hypertension with the few drugs that were available at the time compared to those that were left untreated
(Goldring, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the onetime US President, Franklin D. Roosevelt was given a clean bill of health by his physician even when his BP was recorded as
approximately 220/120. A few years later while at Yalta, Winston Churchill's personal physician noted in his diary that President Roosevelt "appeared to
be have had signs of 'hardening of the arteries disease' and had a few months to live." Subsequent events demonstrated the truth of his diagnosis.
President Roosevelt ultimately had a fatal hemorrhagic stroke 2 months later, and his death brought hypertension's potential as a deadly malady to the
lime light (Mahmood, Levy, Vasan, Wang, 2014). Three years after Roosevelt's death, the pivotal National Heart Act was signed into law by President
Truman. The Act created the path for the study of heart diseases and resulted in several studies including the Framingham Heart Study. The
Framingham studies consistently showed that hypertension, such as hyperlipidemia, was associated with many cardiovascular morbidities such as
stroke, heart failure, and heart attacks leading to premature deaths and the risk was clearly higher with higher blood pressure (systolic and diastolic).
Even before the Framingham studies, many insurance companies had already begun measuring BP for policyholders' physical examinations.
Furthermore, several studies done by the Actuarial Society of America pointed toward the higher morbidity and mortality associated with higher BP
(Kannel, Wolf, Veter, McNamara, 1970; Kannel, Schwartz, McNamara,

Cell Tower Meeting Essay
The meeting was at the Framingham town hall and interestingly, the meeting started in the late evening hours that went until after 10:00PM. The chairs
of the board members in the meeting room were set up in semi–circle and testimony podium was in the center. When my friend and I arrived, the Board
member was talking about the agenda of the meeting that comprised of several topics. The meeting started with the testimony of Frank DeMarco
concerning standards of the well water and it's impact on the environment. The next issue discussed was about rerouting the gas pipeline and
examining contamination of substances. There were discussions and testimonies of restaurant owner, general public, and local health club for public
safety issues. Nevertheless, most of the time of the meeting was consumed by the extensive discussion on cell tower proposal in a residential area that
would bring serious health concerns to the residents. Description, Analysis, and Implications of the Health Policy issues: The cell tower proposal was
discussed in detail and various testimonies were presented against the cell tower proposal at 7 and 19 Nixon Road in Framingham. Among the
testimonies were the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Board of Health debated on the travel distance of harmful radiations. The safety zone of radio waves frequency was unidentified and made me
wonder if specific policies on the safe zones for cell towers would help resolve the health safety issues? Would the law against building cell tower in
residential areas prevent health issues? Or, would residents have to relocate due to potential harm from technological expansion in the residential
towns? Cell phone towers would pertain to great danger for public health when its harmful effect is not taken into consideration. Therefore, this hearing
made me contemplate the implications of health policies that promote wellbeing, but also present danger to the

Summary Of A Hope In The Unseen
In the novel, "A Hope in the Unseen" written by Ron Suskind explains the journey of Cedric Jennings from the Inner City to the Ivy League. As a
means of survival, having had to attend a high school in one of Washington, D.C's most dangerous neighborhoods. Cedric Jennings has had to isolate
himself from his peers so "he could stay on course and keep his sanity"(Suskind 293) in order to leave the neighborhood behind and pursue his dream
of attending an Ivy League school. When he does reach his dream of attending Brown University, he still holds the idea that isolation is the key of
survival. He still holds the idea that their is a battle between himself and his peers based on their different values or academic successes. As a result,
conflicts erupts by the fact Cedric won't give up his past and live toward the future or the now. Eventually he realizes that "being alone doesn't seem to
be working"(Suskind 293) anymore. One of the many conflicts during Cedric Jennings first year at Brown University is with his roommate Rob
Burton. Cedric and Rob come from different backgrounds with Rob being caucasian who comes from a privileged family having two doctors as
parents while Cedric is an African American who is raised by a single mother in a low income neighborhood. As a result, they start to clash with one
another especially since Cedric doesn't approve of Rob life choices since it seems to be everything that he had been warned about from back home.
Cedric accepting Rob

Final Discussion Board on Simulation Article and a Reflection
Final Discussion Board on Simulation Article and a Reflection For this final posting for the informatics class I will be sharing and then commenting on
an article discussing the effectiveness of simulation to help medical surgical nurses to recognise then respond to clinical emergencies. I will then be
sharing my reflective thoughts and opinions on my personal experiences in the blending leaning classes here at Framingham State University thus far.
The APA Formatted Reference
Buckley, T., & Gordon, C. (2011). The effectiveness of high fidelitysimulation on medical–surgical registered nurses' ability to recognize and respond
to clinical emergencies. Nurse Education Today, 31(7), 716–721. Retrieved from: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In conclusion this study suggests greater use of simulation in graduate programs could result in more clinically confident and proficient nurses
responding to emergency situations in clinical situations after graduation.
My Reflection on the Blended Learning Experience I have been extremely happy with my experiences thus far here at Framingham State University
and the blended learning experience. Having graduated from an accelerated nursing program only seven and a half years ago I can recall very vividly
the pain and torturous experiences of having to sit in class for eight hours per day, two days a week. As an adult learner I can vividly recall multiple
conversations with fellow adult learners about how class work felt like it was filler. As a group we provided follow–up feedback to the institution that
they consider additional technologies and recourses that could fulfill the educational requirement but allow the student to learn at home. We
frequently commented on how the class work could have been easily cut down to 2 hours of meaty material vs. 8 hours of fluff. However, I
personally enjoyed the camaraderie and networking of meeting my cohorts. Here at Framingham I feel I found a program that has given me the best
of both worlds. So far the balance of course work and module work at home have complemented the experience wonderfully. I have met some

Knes260 Assignment 1
KNES260 Paper Assignment #1– The 10 Year Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
By: Kristine Albanes
Using the Framingham risk equation I was able to calculate the ten year risk of developing heart disease for myself, an older relative (my mother),
and a case study whom we will call Danny. I first inserted my data into the equation (SBP of 115, DBP of 70, non–smoker, total cholesterol of 160,
HDL–cholesterol of 50, age of 20, and no diabetes) and with that I calculated my ten year risk of 0.036%, approximately 0.04%. Next, I followed the
same steps with my mother's information (SBP of 118, DBP of 75, non–smoker, total cholesterol of 185, HDL–cholesterol of 55, age of 59, and no
diabetes) and the result showed her 10 year risk was 7.3689%, approximately ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, because Danny does have diabetes, his health is in a poorer state and his risk for developing cardiovascular disease is increased. Diabetes is
defined as having a fasting plasma glucose value of 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) or higher. Every year, diabetes claims many lives; for example, in 2008,
diabetes was responsible for 1.3 million deaths all across the world (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d). When looking at cardiovascular disease with
diabetes, data shows that of all diabetics who die, 60% of them die as a result of cardiovascular disease (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d).
Cardiovascular risk increases with raised glucose values. The risk of cardiovascular events is from two to three times higher in people with type 1
or type 2 diabetes and the risk is disproportionately higher in women (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d). From this we can infer that if my mother
or I did have diabetes, it would be likely that that would increase our risk to a greater degree compared to Danny's risk, because he is a male.
Cardiovascular risk increases with raised glucose values. In addition, within certain age groups, people with diabetes have a two–fold increase in the
risk of stroke. Patients with diabetes also have a poorer prognosis after cardiovascular events compared to people without diabetes. Primary care
access to measurement of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk assessment as well as

Framingham Heart Study Summary
1.) The Framingham Heart Study was a "long–term observational Study" that succeeded so incredibly well over the past half century, because it made
its participants feel as if they were collectively dedicated toward an end bigger than themselves (Brink and Levy 23). This entire trust and
personal–investment–mobilizations effort had been completely intentional and calculated as a purposeful construction in order to "[transform] a
community that might resist medical intrusion to one that would take pride in the Study" (Brink and Levy 58). We see, very notably also, that
Meador's success in attracting attention was owed to his skill for mobilizing social influence (that which we refer to as being a natural leadership skill
or charisma) in order... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People do" (Krieger 17). Thus, we recognize that the social categories such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, class, and gender will implicitly also
color the means by which "active thinking behind the act of data inquisition" is encouraged and framed (Krieger 17). This is yet another
representation of how the social reality we are steeped in (that we owe to presence of a collective conscience) reproduces itself in the
epistemological–the all–too–subjective pursuance and cultivation of knowledge regarding our objective, external reality. Such a ubiquitous pressure,
thus, also finds a way to assert itself into a seemingly objective, "knowledge–based" decision regarding when data is to be omitted or not omitted
(especially, in regards to the aforementioned social categories). Thus, fact is based very far from Fact–that is, the objective facticity of a external,
continuously unfolding reality to be parsed through and made sense of by minds and subjectivities helplessly, absurdly oriented toward the past and
toward the actions of their cognitive forefathers. And this makes social movements all the more difficult when oftentimes what is portrayed as
objective and uncontestable is the product of the very social structures and inequalities that the health social movement is

Classroom Reflection
Today in elementary schools, children are far more advanced than my generation of children in elementary school. Countless amounts of their parents
are more open–minded, as well as inclined to hold challenging conversations with them at such a young age. Aside from communication, some parents
are also helping students brush up on other academic skills, such as mathematics. Parents are not just preparing their students to meet standards in
their classes, but to surpass the requirements for their grade levels. In classes, many teachers now take part in three twenty minute rotation activities.
This is a formative assessment, that seems like a game to students, but actually allows teachers to reflect on students progress. It also creates this
illusion of children being able to have freedom over their learning, and choose what activity they want to begin their rotation periods with. That way,
no one is left feeling bored with repetitive lessons, and no one feels overwhelmed with hurried instructed activities. With that being said, I believe
Dewey is the perfect representative of this type of learning structure. In this reflection, I will state and explain my reasons why I mainly support
Dewey. Next, I will then explain what reasons made me, disagree with Cubberley. Lastly, I will finish up my reflection by readdressing my main
thoughts in a brief summary. For starters, several schools today are more intrigued with challenging traditional education. This allows students to be

Framingham Heart Study Examples
I would like to first familiarize my fellow classmate with some thoughts and ideas that Six Sigma uses. Six Sigma thoughts and ideas are used within
my workplace to improve processes that will indefinitely improve the output or quality of healthcare for children that may suffer from debilitating
diseases or life altering diagnoses. As Six Sigma suggests "There are many industries that can use the ANOVA test to identify issues or variances
between samples" (2010). The ANOVA is a suitable statistical technique for testing many items within the healthcare field. An extremely important
study by the name of the Framingham Heart Study in 1948 analyzed participants blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The clinical trials compared
two separate groups with different variables in hopes of developing standards to monitor people well being.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this study," The objective of the Framingham Heart Study was to identify the common factors or characteristics that contribute to CVD by
following its development over a long period of time in a large group of participants who had not yet developed overt symptoms of CVD or suffered a
heart attack or stroke" ("Framingham Heart

Ambulatory Health Care
Hospitals purchase nearly 20% of the share of products and services from the industry in order to produce other goods and services. In the overall
distribution in terms of Hospitals and Health Care, Hospitals specifically use 59.9% of the products. Ambulatory health care services takes up
21% of share. 9.9% goes to educational services in hospitals. Nursing and residential care facilities take 6.5% and Social Assistance takes the last
2.6%. (Data USA: Beauty salons). My last driving lesson my instructor was talking to me and was wondering what I wanted to do after high
school. I annoyedly told him "I have no idea." What I want to do after high school was unknown to me and it sucked because in eighth grade they
tell us that if we don't start taking courses in high school that pertain to what we want to do for the rest of our lives, we will never be successful. He
asked, "have you thought about it?" I explained, "I try to avoid it." He pried on and said "well what do you like to do?"... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He then asked me, "well have you ever thought about doing that for a living?" I shrugged my shoulders and responded "they don't offer those kind
of classes at school and there's no way that that is actually a major in a university." I parked the car in front of the next person's house and waited
for them to come out. My instructor said, "no, but you don't have to go to a college or university, you can still go to school for it. They make trade
schools for cosmetology. Think about it." The way home I spent time looking it up. I found a beauty school nearby in Framingham. Coincidentally
on the home page, the first thing I saw was "you've always wanted to do this... why not now?"(Empire Beauty) I saved it and talked it over with my
parents and negotiated with them to let me do this instead of college and I asked them to tell me what else was I gonna do if they don't let me do

Essay On Dental Sealant
The purpose of this research was to prove that the School–Based Dental Sealant program could improve access to Preventive Dental Service. The
authors investigated 8145 students in Framingham, Massachusetts which was considered representative of the 66190 residents living in west
/ southwest of Boston. The study began after applying oral survey to all first and second–grade students in Framingham from 2000 to 2009. In this
period of time, all students were screened for the number of teeth filled, number of teeth with untreated decay, number of teeth extracted, existing
sealants on the first molar, and identification of first molars in need of sealant. And then the dental officials applied sealant to the molars of those
students who had high potential of developing carries.
Although students were identified and informed of the dental care they needed, just 29% of students in 2003 were willing to receive sealants. In 2004,
just 26% of the students were willing to receive sealants resulting in 52% of students having tooth decay. Over the six–year period, the dental hygienists
and nurses of Boston schools applied sealant and gave them 20 to 25 minutes of oral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effectiveness of preventive education is moderated by the patient's beliefs and cultural and social norms. In my home country, in the villages, it is
the custom that people expect to lose their teeth by the time they are old, so it takes a lot of persuasion to get them to believe they can keep their teeth
if they take care of them. Understanding different cultures increases the dental hygienist's competency and trustworthiness. It is worthwhile being part
of the diversity class. Thus, during the time I study in the dental hygiene program I will have a chance to learn more about cultural differences in order
to improve my communication

Kai Foreman's Aspirations And Dreams
Kai Foreman is a freshman here at Framingham State University. Originally college was not something Kai had planned out for her future. In fact she
attended Worcester Technical High School and focused on graphic communication in hopes to not need a college degree. However, shortly after
graduating high school Kai realized college might be something she should consider, " I now see the power of a college degree after trying to get a
job and failing" said Kai. That's what brought Kai to Framingham State University; it allowed her to get the degree she wanted at an affordable cost. So
what exactly are Kai's aspirations and dreams? Currently Kai is majoring in Illustration and working toward a minor in Entrepreneurship. Her ultimate
dream in

The Importance Of Having A Car On Students
Being a freshman at Regis is not easy, due to are already at a disadvantage of not having your car on campus; thus, a reliable source of transportation
is a losing battle. Although we have a shuttle that brings us to and from Riverside and the Natick Mall the scheduled times are not beneficial. Regis
should have the shuttle be more accessible to students more frequently. As a freshman who is not allowed to have a car on campus I find it
inconvenient that the shuttle to the Natick Mall comes every three to five hours.
A major aspect of a college education is students learning independence and freedom; therefore creating a schedule at the students' disposal will allow
them to learn that independence and gain that freedom.
Other neighboring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated, Framingham State has shuttles that stop at multiple locations, which allows students to explore their surrounding community. Besides going
to Natick Mall and Riverside Train Station, the Regis shuttle should include AMC Theater, Shopper's World, and Target. Many would argue that AMC
Theater is very close in distance to the Natick Mall, and may ask why the passengers of the shuttle cannot walk to the theater? An intersection similar
to the one behind the mall can get busy and is very dangerous at night if one is not careful. Adding Shopper's World being added as a destination
shuttle's route would be beneficial to the students taking it because there are so many stores in the shopping area. Therefore, it would limit the amount
of time and money a student will spend on going to multiple stores via uber or public transportation. Another location that the shuttle should go to is
Target; target is a store that every college student should have at their disposal, since it is a store that has everything a college student uses in their daily
lives. Another flaw in Regis' transportation system is that the shuttle does not come to and from Regis frequent enough. Although Framingham State
has a bigger population, their shuttle comes frequent enough to support all of its students. The inconvenient times our Regis shuttle is available is at
times where it is difficult for students to enjoy a

Chocolate Chip Cookies History
MMMMMMMM, Chocolate chip cookies. You know, the gooey chocolate chips in the sugary dough, yeah, those. You have come to know them
well, or so you think. What's the story behind the chocolate chip cookies that first appeared in 1930? Who made this delicious recipe that we all
know and love? The answer behind it is a young woman who went by the name of Ruth Wakefield. How did Mrs. Wakefield make this recipe? Let's
start from the beginning. Born on 17, 1903, she never had dreamed that she would one day make considerably the most famous cookie ever. Ruth went
to college at Framingham University, and graduated in 1924. After that she got a job giving lectures on health, somewhat ironic, considering she made
the chocolate chip cookie. She married Kenneth Wakefield, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She went into the kitchen and made her batter, she looked for her cocoa powder only to find it was all out. She didn't want to waste the dough so
she looked for something to make her cookies chocolatey. All she could find was a chocolate bar, so she broke it up and added walnuts. The
outcome of her cookies was not what she had hoped, and instead of her chocolate fudge cookie came out the cookie we all know and love, the
chocolate chip cookie After the word spread, Ruth's cookies became famous. She became very well known and very wealthy. Soon, the Nestle
chocolate company struck a deal with Ruth. Ruth would get a lifetime supply of chocolate chips, if her recipe could be featured on the back of their
chocolate chip bags. She graciously accepted and her face, along with her recipe, was featured. Ruth had kids, Kenneth Donald Wakefield, Jr; and
Mary Jane Wakefield. Jane would cook with Ruth, while Kenneth would often worked with his father fixing up the hotel. The hotel required fixing up
for it frequently had leaked. Though the hotel was damaged, it's fame was still going strong as ever due to Ruth's

Rorschach Test And Its Impact On The Field Of Psychology
Abstract
The Rorschach test, used first in 1918, has been the center of much controversy in the field of psychology. This particular test uses print inkblots in
order to test many factors within clients based on how they answer when asked about the pictures. Although Hermann Rorschach never made it known
where he got the idea for the Rorschach test, it is believed it was inspired by the game Blotto, which was a game which used inkblots. The Rorschach
test was originally used to test patients with schizophrenia during which Rorschach discovered that these patients responded significantly in a different
way from others without schizophrenia. Later, Rorschach began working more with the test using forty inkblots in his original studies but only using
fifteen of them commonly with his clients. Today, this test is used by highly trained professionals who are studying personality based on scoring
clients' answers to questions about the inkblots. (Framingham, 2016)
History of the Rorschach Test
The Rorschach test, which was first administered in 1918, is one of the most controversial psychological tests in the history of psychology. This
particular test uses print inkblots in order to test many factors within clients based on how they answer when asked about the pictures. It was created
by Herman Rorschach. Although Rorschach never made it known where the inspiration for the Rorschach test came from, it is believed it was inspired
by the game Blotto, a game using inkblots.

High Blood Pressure: Framingham Heart Study
High blood pressure has been a big problem in the United States. According to the Mayo Clinic "High blood pressure is a common condition in which
the long–term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease" (Mayo
Clinic Staffe, 2016). For a long time doctors did not know that blood pressure was causing the different health problems. Doctors thought that high
blood pressure was "considered a consequence of disease rather than its cause" (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). Since doctors now realize that high
blood is a cause of major diseases they have been working on pin pointing the blood pressure that everyone should try to achieve. The Framingham
Heart Study concluded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The four criteria for a screening program are, the disease produces substantial death and /or disability, early detection is possible and improves
outcome, there is feasible testing strategy for screening, and screening is acceptable in terms of harms costs and patient acceptance (Riegelman &
Kirkwood, 2015). Once doctors figured out that high blood pressure can be a factor in other diseases they knew that they had to start figuring out
how to lower it. High blood pressure can cause strokes, and heart and kidney disease. This is why doctors want to get patient's blood pressure
when they have checkups because high blood pressure can lead to death and other disabilities. Doctors want to get an early detection of high
blood pressure rating because they want to be able to lower it the best they can before it causes a stroke or other health issue. For one of my
classes I have taken my blood pressure three times. It is pretty simple to take your blood pressure because all you need is a blood pressure machine
which makes it pretty feasible. Normally when you go in for any checkup, your blood pressure is tested before you start. Before I had cavity filled,
they check my blood pressure, and when I go if for physical they test my blood pressure. Since taking patient's blood pressure isn't that big a deal the
patient allows for the doctors to do it which makes it

The Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And...
QUESTION NUMBER TWO
Area of knowledge: Health Psychology
QUESTION NUMBER TWO
Assessment
Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological
testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there
different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques?
The Role of Psychological Assessment in Counseling or Clinical Practice
Psychological assessment assesses and evaluates information that a client gives to a psychologist in the form of answers to specific questions. A
psychologist administers and interprets the tests in an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, assessment addresses the resources and the nature of support in the client 's family, family, and client 's functioning. Most psychological
assessments are comprehensive and more preferable if carried out over time. Typically, these evaluations promote the development of individual care
plans and educational plans (Hunsley & Mash, 2011).
Further, it is integral in development of a treatment plan for patients that some form of assessment be made which deal with individual issues. An
example of this is the diagnosis and screening for the delay and developmental disorders such as speech, autism, language and behavioral disorders, etc.
Assessments allow psychologists to make recommendations to clients or families about appropriate approaches and promote an ongoing assessment
and the evaluation of the person 's progress (Balkin & Juhnke, 2013).
In counseling and clinical practice, assessment plays a role in family dynamics. It can be a critical part of identifying the functioning of a family. This
includes such things as identification of the levels of family adjustment, stress, and coping, the level of parental support, and individual coping styles.
Psychologists identify parental communication styles, relationship quality, sibling adjustment, emotional response, and coping (Institute of Medicine
of the National Academies, 2015).
Moreover, Hays & Hood (2013) note that psychological

What Are The Factors That Cause Health Disparities?
Why is it that in the world most advanced country, health disparities are so prevalent among ethnic minorities, especially African–Americans? Why is
this issue so resilient despite countless efforts to bring it under control? Health disparities among socially disadvantaged populations are no laughing
matter, and the African–American population of Clayton County, Georgia are no exception. They are at greater risk of developing diseases such as
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or have higher rates of infant mortality compared to whites. Since the advent of the "Healthy People" initiative some
two decades ago, it has centered its goals on disparities in the United States and establishing efforts for reducing it among all Americans.1 Therefore,
this article will look at a few significant researches done on the topic of health disparities, especially in the area of infant mortality, and how other
researchers have addresses it; also, along with its strengths and limitations.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the most well–known research on this topic is the Framingham Heart Study. This is a prospective cohort study heart study that began in
1948 and is still active today.3 This health disparity study was done to find common factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
by following a total of N=5209 male and female between ages 30 and 62 from Framingham,

Diamingham Risk Prediction Model
Changes in the human environment, behaviour and lifestyle are contributing to the upsurge in the incidence of diabetes. However, better management
has resulted in a longer survival of patients with diabetes but it is accompanied by long–term chronic complications due to hyperglycemia 1.
Individuals with diabetes most often die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) rather than from a cause uniquely related to diabetes, such as ketoacidosis or
hypoglycemia2,3. Diabetic patients have a twofold to sixfold higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetic population3,4 Furthermore,
diabetic patients with CVD sustain a worse prognosis for survival than CVD patients without diabetes and their quality of life also depreciates.
Therefore, diabetes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Body weight was measured in kilograms with a weighing scale to the nearest 0.5 kilogram. Waist and hip circumferences were recorded to the
nearest 0.1 cm using a flexible steel tape. Body mass index (BMI) was derived by dividing the body weight by the height squared (kg/m2). Waist hip
ratio (WHR) and waist height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The patients were classified on the basis of body mass index (BMI) using WHO
classification14,15,16 Central obesity was assessed by using WC (waist circumference), WHR and WHtR standard

Differences Of Education In The Working Class
Do you think your school system prepared you enough for the workforce you want to pursue. Their is a correlation between an area's income to
education. Those in the working class have different attitudes of teaching children compared to the elite class. There are four types of schools based
on income, working, middle, upper, and elite class. The attitudes these classes give toward knowledge and work teaching their students for the working
class is teach information because it is required, middle–class is to learn how to get right answer and not understand why it's correct, upper class
teaches material and children know why they are learning, and the elite class prepares students to be quality hard workers who stand by their work.
In the working class the type of work is following procedure. Teachers rarely explain why the work is being done such as if it is connected to other
assignments or what the purpose of the activity is. Teachers often do not take advantage to the provided textbooks, thus not getting the besteducation as
possible if resources are not being used. The attitude toward teaching the students are to show them how to solve problem, but with no explanation of
why the material is important, and why solving problem works in that order. The teacher of this class was helping a student with a math two–digit
division problem and was showing an alternate method without explaining that it is a different way, "At this point a girl said that she had a faster way
to do

Methylphenidate: ADHD Analysis
Ritalin is one of the many brand names for the drug methylphenidate. Methylphenidate is most commonly used as a mediation for Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but can also be used for narcolepsy as well as other disorders. This medication belongs to a class of medications that
works by changing the amount of certain natural substances in the brain. The class of of medications is known as Central Nervous System (CNS)
stimulants. Methylphenidate comes in many different tablet and liquid forms and can be taken once or twice a day, with or without food. Ritalin in
particular is normally taken once a day in a slow releasing tablet with or without food at the beginning of the day. With every medication there are side
effects and here ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two types of personality tests: objective and projective tests. Both types of tests help clinical psychologists to determine different factors of an
individual's personality. Two of the most common objective assessments are the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI–2) and the 16PF.
The MMPI–2 is a "567 true/false test that is a good measure of dysfunction within personality" (Framingham, 2016). Of all of the objective assessments
the MMPI–2 is the most commonly used. It measures traits such as paranoia, hypomania, social introversion, and psychopathy as well as others by
connecting various responses throughout the test. The MMPI–2 is not ideal for those individuals with healthy personalities so that is where the 16PF
comes in. The 16PF measures 16 basic personality traits including: warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule–consciousness,
social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self–reliance, and perfectionism. Because this
assessment is done on healthier individuals, it simply allows them to understand themself, and helps their clinical psychologist to determine the best
approach in treatment (Framingham,

Framingham Flange Factory Case Summary
Subject: The evaluation of the possible consequences of a mistake regarding the proposed acquisition of the Framingham Flange Factory. The
purpose of this memo is to evaluate and analyze the risk associated with Harry's proposal. In this memo, I will discuss the potential consequences
of a mistake related to Harry's decision in order to provide him accurate information so that he can make a wise decision. Now, I would like to
clarify the concept of acquisition, which is defined as the process performed by a company when making operational control of another. The
decision regarding the acquisition is fundamental for the acquiring firm, therefore; it should be done after a proper research and a deep analysis. In
this case, the decision is taken faster than normal without an accurate assessment. The cash flows and growth rate have been calculated based on a
projected value made by Mr Harry and Mr Jack. This is a wrong step since Harry could not take the Framingham's own estimate; he needs to make a
self–evaluation. Respectfully Harry, I think that your calculations regarding Framingham Flange Factory are over value. If you offer Framingham's
stockholders a 60% premium on the price their stock,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Notice that a merger analysis consists of two estimating issues which are projected merger cash flows and the appropriate discount rate. Sometimes,
estimating cash flows in a merger is a little difficult so that we need to summarize the series of yearly cash flows and inflows. Mr Harry, we need to
be aware, although Mr Jack is your friend, he may refuse to provide detailed information about Framingham Flange Factory's future projections or past
history. The second issue is the appropriate discount rate due to an acquisition is an equity transaction; it should be done using a discount rate that
reveals the cost of equity

Framingham Heart Study Examples
but also, for example healthcare availability, genetics and smoking rates.
After World War II heart
–disease–related deaths increased dramatically and study called Framingham Heart Study established by the US Government.
The researchers recruited 5209 men and women between the ages of 30–62 from the town Framingham, Massachusetts. During the study, the subject
were required to give a detailed medical history, underwent a physical examination and laboratory every two years. In 1960 the evidence from The
Framingham Heart Study was published showing that smoking increases the risk of heart disease. Results that dietary fat increased the risk of heart
disease have been far less conclusive, and still studies today don't show any connection.
If

Framingham Heart Study Introduction
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for nearly one third of all deaths worldwide. The available rehabilitation and preventive measures
include life style modification, treatment with drug and intervention procedures. The appropriate application of risk assessment should result in a better
quality of life for people with cardiovascular diseases and improve cost effectiveness of healthcare. The present study reveals that risk assessment can
answer many questions in best therapeutic outcomes. Objective: This study was conducted to focus on risk assessment of various cardiovascular
diseases by using Framingham heart study. The main objective is to investigate variability of various risk factors, to assess the risk for the development

The Relationship Between Body Weight And Blood Pressure Essay
The Relationship between Body Weight and Blood Pressure The hypothesis is to determine the Relationship between Body Weight and Blood
Pressure. High blood pressure has been noted as one of the leading non–infectious diseases around the world. According to Abdulle A. and his research
colleges, in their research they stated that high blood pressure contributes to an important and prevalent risk factor to cardiovascular disease. The
research finding of Abdulle A. et al. quoted that "it appears from our study that one of the causes of this problem is the high level of obesity known
to elevate the risk for cardiovascular diseases." Harsh D. and Bray G. brought the attention of the Framingham Study showing that the participants of
both sexes demonstrated increasing blood pressures with increased overweight. One of the earlier studies that contributed to health was "The
Framingham Heart Study" the study was introduced on the research of health by studying the general causes of heart disease. According to Dr.
William B. Kannel The Framingham Heart Study was developed in 1948, the objective of the study was to understand the factors of Cardio Vascular
Disease by following its development with participants that have not yet developed overt symptoms of Cardio Vascular Disease. The research will
fallow participants for a long period of time to record changes in towards their health. The researchers stated by Dr. Kannel recruited 5,209 men and
women between the ages of 30 and 62 the

The Applicability Of The Ib Risk Assessment Tool In Iran...
ICS is the first longitudinal population–based study, primarily designed to develop a CVD risk assessment tool (PARS) in Iran and EMR. ICS is being
organized in three geographic areas with a large urban and rural population [14]. We developed the PARS as a new CVD risk prediction tool in Iran,
in preparation for a major change in national policy by identifying the patients at high risk of CVD.
Although Framingham prediction algorithms have been comprehensively used in the United States and other countries [29–31], they consist of white
middleclass individuals; therefore, there are concerns about the generalization of their findings to other populations and societies particularly in low–
and middle–income countries[14]. The limitations for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By calculating total CV risk, including the 10–year risk of fatal or non–fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, sudden cardiac death, and fatal or
non–fatal stroke, we anticipate to provide a better risk estimate. Accordingly, WHO and current stress practice guidelines prefer to consider the total
risk in making decisions about treatment [1, 26, 41, 42].
Based on a large Iranian representative population, we created a PARS charts. The PARS charts are user
–friendly and color–coded. Furthermore, using
a 6–color gradient from brown as the highest risk to green as the lowest probability of CVD event help not only the Physicians but also the individuals
to see their position on the chart [43].
It is known that diabetes is positively associated with the CVD risk. One of the limitations of the Framingham risk score is the small number of
diabetic people in a cohort of 5573 individuals (4%) and also the diabetes definition was based on a random blood glucose concentration >9 mmol/L or
the use of anti–glycemic treatment. Hence, the accuracy of the Framingham risk score for CV risk assessment in diabetic patients has been addressed
in previous studies [44]. The most widely used risk score in the European countries, SCORE [6], also lacks the risk prediction power of diabetes
because of the

Obesity Epidemic Among Schools Are Healthy Eating And...
I would like to congratulate your team on the various efforts and programs launched by the district authorities that have helped in obesity prevention.
Reducing the growing obesity rates among school–aged children in Framingham is of utmost importance. In Framingham, 20.4% of children are
obese while 38.1% of children are classified as overweight (1). As school administrators and district authorities, the health of our students is a top
priority. Therefore, I feel it is critical to address the obesity epidemic among school–aged children by increasing the physical activity breaks in schools
which can not only help in obesity prevention but also help in improving academic performance.
Childhood obesity is associated with many negative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, long–term obesity–related problems include type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer (4)(5).
Childhood obesity policies in Framingham: The Framingham high school has implemented the Health and Physical Education (HPE) program to
educate students using several physical activity concepts according to Massachusetts state guidelines. HPE is designed to provide students with a
positive environment to grow and develop healthy lifestyle behaviors. The biggest drawback of HPE is that it is not a mandatory course of curriculum.
Hence, students may not show participation in this program as there is no motivation to get involved in physical activity programs(6). Along with this
flaw, the following are additional shortcomings of the program:
Limited Physical Education: According to data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), in 2011 only 51.8 % of high school
students were enrolled in physical education classes, and only 28.4% attended physical education class daily (7). Also, it is found that as student go on
to a higher grade, their participation in physical activity goes on decreasing due to increased burden of studies. In higher grades, it becomes difficult for
students to manage their time between school, assignments and outdoor activities(7). In US, the current problem is that 37% students do not
participate in vigorous physical

Food Science Personal Statement
I am excited to be applying to Framingham State University this year because it will pursuing my lifelong interest of Food Science. The Food
Science major at FSU is perfect for me with its strong, chemistry based coursework. My passion for culinary arts, along with the fascination of the
science behind it, developed immensely during high school. Along the way I determined it would be best to take an extra chemistry class to prepare
myself to study the Food Science field. The Food Science major at FSU comprises of five chemistry classes, which excites me because this is what
i've been preparing for. I love how almost every course has lab hours and coming from a vocational school, having hands–on courses will greatly
improve my education. Not

Famingham Downtown Renaissance Analysis
Framingham Downtown Renaissance Analysis and Questions
Analysis
Framingham Downtown Renaissance's main objective is to connect the small businesses of downtown Framingham and make it an energetic area in
order to promote community and economic stimulus. As a non–profit it is doing a great job of marketing itself as well as building a network (its own
website) to promote downtown Framingham mom and pop stores. It is going to be involved with a program to disperse grant money for "helping
women, minorities, veterans, immigrants and people with disabilities start or expand their businesses." In addition to the money the program may be
teaching potential/ current entrepreneurs more on how to run a business. Unfortunately the article wasn't explicit on what exactly FDR brought to the
table. But it was the first in the list of groups that are affiliated with the project. Therefore it's safe to say that Framingham Downtown Renaissance is an
important contributor. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are helping however they can. All in all, it is a non–profit business that is all for common ground and success for all Framingham residence.
Questions
1)Is the business run more traditionally (vertical) or more as a team (horizontal)?
2)How do you brainstorm and market for events?
3)Shuttle system/ transportation plan for FSU to downtown Framingham?
4)If volunteers want to move up in the ranks/a permanent position would they get the necessary training from FDR or partner of FDR or outside the
organization completely?
5)What business aid do you do yourself and what do you

Comparing The Book 'Top Guns' By Joe Foss And Matthew Brennan
The novel Top Guns by Joe Foss and Matthew Brennan is a biography about many brave, extraordinary aces back in World War 1 and 2. One pilot,
Arthur Raymond Brooks, was born in Framingham, Massachusetts in 1895. He graduated as valedictorian from Framingham Academy and High
School in 1917 (Foss, 4). Arthur didn't want to continue school, so he enlisted in the U.S Army Signal Officer Reserve Corps. Also, he attended the
School of Military Aeronautics, with the Royal Flying Corps in Canada from September to November 1917 (Foss, 3–5). In 1918, Brooks was
transferred to France, where he flew the SPAD S. VII. After three victories he became flight commander of the 22nd Aero Squadron flying the
SPAD XIII C.1. These three victories were not easy, Brooks took on eight German Fokker D. VIII aircraft. He shot down four Germans with God on
his side, as Brooks said, "I am alive today because of things I learned to do in one case and things I knew nothing about in the other––special flying
techniques and my guardian angel" (Foss, 14). Arthur was followed back by the four other Germans, extraordinarily,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S Army, upon review of the actions, awarded him the Distinguished Service Cross. Arthur continues to quote that little things in his career
saved his life several times. For example, Arthur says, "I also did it to great advantage on other occasions in America by using an extreme sideslip
over high–tension wires to land a Ford Trimotor on Hadley Field near New Brunswick, New Jersey...I would fishtail the aircraft, kicking the rudder
left–right, right–left, etc., like a fish swimming through water, to almost kill airspeed and allow me to drop straight down onto that small field"(Foss,
14). He had no communication to any airport or airstrip in the early days, therefore, Arthur had to make a lot of dangerous landings in modest
airplanes, when the airport had no idea he was coming in for a

The Positive Impact Of The Juvenile Justice System
The Juvenile Justice system (JJS) is not beneficial to the civilians in the community.Young adults that have committed indescribable crimes are being
released back into the community for a second chance.This is endangering the lives of other innocent people and is definitely not helping the
juvenile in anyway.Kevin C Framingham has a very strong opinion in which he is agreeing with the way the JJS is ran. Mr. Framingham wrote an
article For "Teen Ink" about how rehabilitating young criminals is an amazing idea. The article is called "Punishment or Rehabilitation?". He
answered the question many people ask "What is the true aim of our prison system?" The answer he gave was "Their most important function must be
to rehabilitate criminals into society so prisons can have a positive effect on inmates".This should not be the goal in our JJS. As of now, the JJS is
rehabilitating murders, molesters, sexual assaulters, ect. These dangerous criminals are released back into the world.This is putting men, women, and
children in danger everyday ,yet the JJS still does it. In the month of May,2015 two twelve–year–old girls stabbed their friend,Payton Leutner, nineteen
times repeatedly.Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser said that they attempted to kill their friend to be accepted into the mansion of a fictional character
that goes by the name of "Slenderman".The two girls lured their dear friend into the woods where they stabbed her and then left her to die. Luckley,
Payten

Cardiovascular Events Case Study
Cardiovascular events A total of 705 CVD events (564 IHDs, 141 strokes) occurred, during 49452.8 follow–up person–years (minimum 0.1, maximum
12, median 10.9 years). IHD comprised of 39 (20 women and 19 men) fatal and 113 (36 women and 77 men) non–fatal MI, 331 (171 women and 160
men) UA, and 81 (26 women and 55 men) sudden cardiac deaths. Ischemic stroke composed of 30 (16 women and 14 men) fatal and 111 cases (57
women and 54 men) of non–fatal stroke. The total CVD event rates were 1.6 per 100 person–year for men and 1.3 per 100 person–year for women,
without adjusting for age. Follow–up person–years, CVD events, and the levels of risk factors of the baseline examination are shown in Table 2. Table
2. Person–years of follow–up and CVD events according to risk factors in men and women, ICS, 2001–2011. Refitted and recalibration of Framingham
function The CVD risk factor regression coefficients and HRs were estimated from sex–specific ICS regression models using the same variables as
those in the Framingham function (Table... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison of relative risk and performance of ICS and Framingham The C statistic value for the recalibrated Framingham function applied to ICS
was 0.700 (95% CI, 0.671– 0.729) and 0.748 (95% CI, 0.721– 0.775) for CVD prediction in men and women, respectively. The value of П‡2 was 6.23
(p=0.62) and 12.19 (p=0.14) for men and women, respectively. The recalibrated Framingham model overestimated the CVD incidence with the overall
bias of 128.23% and 176.07% in men and women, respectively. The 10–fold cross–validation, yielded a mean AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67–0.73)
and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72–0.77) in men and women, respectively. PARS risk function Having considered the variety of predictors and their interactions
in a multivariate Cox regression, significant predictors of CVD events were age, sex, high WHR, SBP level, TC level, diabetes mellitus, smoking
status and family history of CVD. The optimal PARS model is presented in Table

Childhood Obesity Case Study: Rates Dramatically Increased

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