This document provides information about the basic elements and compounds that make up living things. It states that all matter is composed of elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. Organic compounds in living things include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Lipids are fats and oils that serve as stored energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and perform structural and functional roles. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nitrogen bases and direct cellular functions.

2. MATTER
•Element – a
substance that cannot
be broken down to
other substances.
•Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Carbon

3. MATTER

4. ELEMENTS
Living things consist
of atoms of different
elements.

5. ELEMENTS AND ATOMS
All matter is composed of basic substances
called elements.
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
still retains the chemical and physical properties
of the element.

6. ANATOMY OF AN ATOM
•Protons possess a positive
charge.
•Neutrons possess a neutral
charge.
•Electrons have a negative
charge.

8. LET’S PRACTICE
1. What type of charge does a proton have?
2. What type of charge does a neutron have?
3. What type of charge does an electron have?
4. Which two subatomic particles are located in the
nucleus of an atom?
5. If an atom has 35 protons in the nucleus, how many
electrons will it have orbiting the nucleus?

9. THE ELEMENTS OF LIFE
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN

10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- In chemistry, organic compounds are generally
any chemical compounds that contain carbon.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

11. CARBOHYDRATES
Found in a wide range of foods that bring a variety of
other important nutrients to the diet, such as
vitamins and minerals.

12. TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide
• Simplest unit of
Carbohydrates
• These are made
up of single sugar
molecules.
• When two
simple sugars
are joined
together by a
chemical bond.
• Any carbohydrate
that is made up of
more than two
simple sugars.

13. MONOSACCHARIDE
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

14. DISACCHARIDE
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

15. POLYSACCHARIDE
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

16. LIPIDS
Diverse group of chemicals that are fats and oily
substances.
Fat and oils are the principle stored forms of
energy in many organisms.
Serve as the a source of fat soluble vitamins.
Insoluble in water

17. LIPIDS
Diverse group of chemicals that are fats and oily
substances.
Fat and oils are the principle stored forms of
energy in many organisms.
Serve as the a source of fat soluble vitamins.
Insoluble in water

18. PROTEINS
Most abundant organic molecules of the living
system.
Proteins are the basis for the major structural
components of animal and human tissue.
Protein molecules contain Nitrogen, Hydrogen,
Oxygen and Carbon.

19. STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
Proteins are composed of small units.
Amino acids are
organic
compounds that
combine to form
proteins.

20. TYPES OF PROTEINS
◦ provide structural support for cells and tissues.
◦
Fibrous Protein
Membrane Proteins
Globular Proteins

21. TYPES OF PROTEINS
Membrane proteins are the
gatekeepers to the cell and are
essential to the function of all
cells
Membrane Proteins

22. TYPES OF PROTEINS
Globular Proteins

23. NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA
Johann Friedrich Miescher
1920 nucleic acids were found
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

24. TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Found within cell nucleus
Occurs in all parts of cell
DNA
RNA

25. pyrimidine or purine bases