Carbohydrates classification, biochemical properties, isomerism and qualitati...AnjaliKR3
A detailed study of the biochemistry of carbohydrates. Classification of carbohydrates is explained in detailed. Isomerism and qualitative tests are presented with results.
Carbohydrates classification, biochemical properties, isomerism and qualitati...AnjaliKR3
A detailed study of the biochemistry of carbohydrates. Classification of carbohydrates is explained in detailed. Isomerism and qualitative tests are presented with results.
This presentation is made for F.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes the General Properties of Carbohydrate and the classification of carbohydrates.
History
Introduction
Functions
Classification – Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Digestion of carbohydrates
Absorption of carbohydrates
Dietary guidelines
Carbohydrates and oral health
Nutritional health programs in India
Public health significance
This presentation is made for F.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes the General Properties of Carbohydrate and the classification of carbohydrates.
History
Introduction
Functions
Classification – Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Digestion of carbohydrates
Absorption of carbohydrates
Dietary guidelines
Carbohydrates and oral health
Nutritional health programs in India
Public health significance
Intermediary metabolism BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES TONY SCARIA
BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES BASED ON LECTURE NOTES AND HIGH YEILD TOPIC
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
AMPHIBOLIC PATHWAY
OXALOACETATE
VITAMINS IN TCA CYCLE
BASIC INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
Metabolism is the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.
Our bodies need this energy to do everything from moving to thinking to growing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. CONTENTS
General introduction
Classification
Qualitative test for carbohydrates
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Applications
3. INTRODUCTION
Cabohydrates are basically polyhydroxy ketones and
aldehydes.
Carbohydrates are the precursors for Organic
compouns,( fats & amino acids).
Basic Molecular formula is
CnH2nOn
5. Based on number of carbon atoms monsachrides are
again classified in to following,
Sugar Formula Aldoses Ketoses
Trioses C3H6O3 Glyceraldehyde
s
Dehydroxy
acetone
Tetroses C4H8O4 Erythrose Erthrulose
Pentoses C5H10O5 Xylose
Ribose
Ribulose
Hexoses C6H12O6 Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Heptoses C7H14O7 Sedoheptulose
7. S NO TEST INFERENCE OBSERVATION
1 MOLISH TEST Reddish violet or Purple ring at
the junction of 2 liquids
Precence of glucose
2 BENEDICTS
TEST
Brick red precipitate Precence of reducing
sugars
3 BARFOEDS
TEST
Scanty brick red ppt Precence of reducing
mono saccharides
4 SELIWANOFFS
TEST
Cherry red colour Precence of ketoses
and aldoses
5 Hydrolysis test for
sucrose
Blue colour indicates
neutralisation
Sucrose is a non-
reducing sugar
6 OSAZONE TEST Needle shaped crystal Fructose,glucose,mann
ose forms similar
crystal
7 BIALS TEST Bluish colour Determination of
pentoses
8 IODINE
REACTION
Yellow-orange---negative
Purple-black----positive
Test for
polysaccharides
8. DIGESTION
1. Digestion in mouth
Large polysaccharide molecules
(starch,glycogen,dextrins)
Smaller polysaccharide molecules
(glucose,maltose)
Alpha amylase
9. 2. Digestion in stomach
Sucrose
Fructose + glucose
3. Digestion in duodenum
Starch/glycogen
maltose + dextrins and oligosaccharides
Pancreatic
amylase
HCL
12. Features Passive diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport
Concentration
gradient
Down the
concentration
gradient from high to
low
Down the
concentration
gradient from high to
low
against the
concentration
gradient from low to
high
Energy
expenditure/used
No energy required No energy required In the form of ATP
Carrier protien/
transporter
Not required Required Required
Speed Slowest mode Fast mode Fast mode
13. METABOLISM
It is defined as the entire spectrum of chemical reactions
occuring in the living system are reffered
as”METABOLISM”
these are of 3 types
1. Catabaolic pathway
2. Anabolic pathway
3. Amphibolic pathway
Food molecule→simpler molecules→Amphibolic pathway
Protiens,lipids,nucleic acids CO2 + H2O
14. CATABOLISM : It is the set of metabolic process that
breakdown large molecules to smaller molecules.It is a
destructive process.
ANABOLISM : It is set of constructive metabolic
process where the energy released by catabolism is used
to synthesis complex molecules.
Major pathways for carbohydrate metabolism
1. Glycolysis 5. Glycogenolysis
2. Citric acid cycle 6. Galactose/fructose metabolism
3. Gluconeogenesis 7. Uronic acid pathway
4. Glycogenesis
15. APPLICATIONS
Used in preparation of simple syrups
As diluents for preparation of tablets.
Cellulose is used in the preparation of surgical dressings
As laxatives - mucilage, lactulose
Antacid - sucralafate.
Diuretics - Mannitol, Sorbitol.
Dextrose is used in preparation of sterile IV solution.
Pectin is used in the preparation of anti diarrheal drugs.
