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Sulphuric acid is an important chemical used to make fertilizers like ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate through reactions with ammonia and potassium hydroxide respectively. It is also used to make detergents, synthetic fibers, paint pigments, and as an electrolyte in car batteries. Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process, which involves burning sulfur with air to produce sulfur dioxide, converting the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide using a vanadium catalyst, and dissolving the trioxide in concentrated sulfuric acid to produce oleum and then diluting it to make concentrated sulfuric acid. Burning of fossil fuels produces sulfur dioxide pollution which dissolves in water to form acidic rain
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Sulfuric acid has strong acidic properties, is colorless and oily, and is produced industrially via the contact process. It is widely used in applications like lead-acid batteries, fertilizer production, metal pickling, and manufacture of other acids due to its dehydrating ability. Exposure can cause severe burns and its atmospheric emissions contribute to acid rain.
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Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive and toxic mineral acid that is produced industrially via the contact process. It involves burning sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide, converting the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide via reaction with oxygen over a vanadium catalyst, and then reacting the sulfur trioxide with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid that is widely used in industry for processes like oil refining, fertilizer production, and metal processing due to its oxidizing and dehydrating properties. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or tissues.
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Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Atmosphere And Environment (4 E1)
Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It also describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their major sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Smog
Photochemical smog develops when primary pollutants like NOx and VOCs from fossil fuel combustion interact with sunlight. This produces secondary pollutants like ozone and PAN. For photochemical smog to form, sunlight, NOx, VOCs, and temperatures over 18°C are needed. Reactions between these pollutants produce the toxic components of smog. Acid rain forms from SO2 and NOx emissions reacting with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric and nitric acid. This acid rain damages ecosystems and infrastructure. Topography and temperature inversions can trap smog near the ground.
Sulfuric Acid.pptx
Sulfuric acid is produced via the contact process, which involves three main steps:
1) Sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide gas.
2) Sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide gas over a vanadium pentoxide catalyst.
3) Sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum, which is then diluted with water to produce 98% sulfuric acid.
2013 air 4e5 n hbl
The document describes the composition of air and common atmospheric pollutants. It states that air is composed of approximately 79% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 1% noble gases including argon, and traces of carbon dioxide. Common pollutants include carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion, nitrogen oxides from engines and lightning, and sulfur dioxide from fossil fuel combustion and volcanoes. These pollutants can harm health and cause acid rain, which damages buildings, plants, and aquatic ecosystems.
Chemical_Industry.pptx
This document defines key terms related to fertilizers and their production. It discusses organic and inorganic fertilizers, primary and secondary plant nutrients, and the process of eutrophication. It then explains three important industrial processes: the Haber process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, the Ostwald process produces nitric acid using ammonia and oxygen, and the Contact process produces sulfuric acid from sulfur and oxygen. Finally, it outlines reactions to produce common fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphates and discusses the environmental impacts of fertilizer use such as eutrophication and reduced blood oxygen in animals.
Environment Worksheet
1. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased due to combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation. This traps more heat in the atmosphere and causes global temperature rise and sea level rise. Using hydrogen or electric vehicles can reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
2. Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel combustion and vehicle engines reacting with water in the air to form acids. This acidic rain damages ecosystems.
3. In the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen, sulfur dioxide is produced which is poisonous and contributes to acid rain formation. The amount of sulfur dioxide can be calculated from the balanced chemical equation.
4. In coal combustion, nitrogen and oxygen react
9.1,9.2
The document discusses the manufacture of sulphuric acid, ammonia, alloys, synthetic polymers, glass and ceramics. Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process involving combustion of sulphur to produce sulfur dioxide, oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and absorption of sulfuric acid. Ammonia is manufactured through the Haber process involving reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at high pressure and temperature over an iron catalyst. Common alloys include steel, brass and bronze which have improved properties compared to pure metals. Synthetic polymers are long chain molecules formed by polymerization and include plastics such as polyethylene, PVC and nylon. Glass is made mainly from silica while ceramics such
Sulfuric acid Industries
Lecture Slides by Prof. Imitaz Ali at Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute for Engineering Sciences and Technology (GIKI).
Understanding 8.5 Acid deposition
Acid deposition occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from the burning of fossil fuels react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form acids. These acids can fall to Earth as rain, snow, fog or dry particles. Natural processes also produce acid deposition, but human activities such as burning coal and oil have increased acid deposition levels. Acid rain has a pH lower than 5.6 and can damage sensitive forests and lakes. The main pollutants that cause acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
acid rain ppt.pptx
Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions reacting with water in the atmosphere to form acids. It has lowered the pH of rainwater below 5.6. The main causes are fossil fuel combustion by power plants, vehicles, and industries. Acid rain harms plants, aquatic animals, soils and buildings. It leaches nutrients from soils and releases aluminum ions toxic to fish. Control measures include using cleaner energy sources, pollution controls on industries and vehicles, and liming of affected lakes and soils.
Sulphur (1).pdf
Sulphur dioxide can be prepared in the laboratory by adding dilute sulphuric acid to sodium sulphite. This produces sulphur dioxide gas along with sodium sulphate and water. Sulphur dioxide can be detected using acidified potassium dichromate solution, which turns from orange to green upon reaction. Excess sulphur dioxide bubbled through sodium hydroxide forms sodium hydrogen sulphite. Sulphur dioxide is used to manufacture sulphuric acid via the contact process, where it is oxidized to sulphur trioxide and absorbed in concentrated sulphuric acid.
Sulphur cycle
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the biosphere and lithosphere. Key points include:
- Sulfur is released by volcanoes as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gases.
- Sulfur is oxidized to sulfate and reduced to sulfide as it moves between organisms and the environment.
- Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
air pollution
The document discusses various topics related to air pollution including:
1) Definitions of air pollution and examples of early observations of air pollution.
2) Examples of major air pollution episodes from 1930 to 1984 that caused deaths.
3) Health effects of air pollution on respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems.
4) Environmental effects such as damage to ecosystems, property and quality of life.
5) Sources of air pollution including natural processes and man-made stationary, transportation, industrial and waste sources.
GT_lession_5_Atmosphere_2_NITP-2016_Hlted.pdf
This document discusses reactions in the atmosphere involving oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. It focuses on sulfur dioxide entering the atmosphere from natural and pollution sources, and its conversion to sulfuric acid through oxidation which causes acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are formed through high-temperature combustion, and nitrogen dioxide plays a key role in photochemical smog formation through generating ozone and hydroxyl radicals. Tropospheric ozone levels are influenced by a balance of production from NO2 photolysis and consumption reacting with NO.
Ch3 acid bases and salts
This document summarizes a YouTube chemistry video about acids, bases, and salts. It discusses the pH of salt solutions, methods of preparing salts, and properties of different salts like solubility and water of crystallization. It also contains sample chemistry questions and their answers about identifying oxides, salts, and writing chemical equations. Key topics covered include acid-base reactions, salt preparations, and properties of common salts and oxides.
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- 1. Sulphuric Acid The uses of sulphuric acid in dailylife 1. Sulphuric acid is an important chemical used to make other manufactured substances. 2. A big portion of sulphuric acid is used to make fertiliser : a) The fertilizer, ammonium sulphate, is prepared fromthe reaction between sulphuric acid and aqueous ammonia. b) The fertilizer, potassiumsulphate, is prepared fromthe reaction between sulphuric acid and potassiumhydroxide. 3. The other uses of sulphuric acid are a) To manufacturedetergent b) To manufacturesynthetic fibers (a type of polyment) c) To manufacturepaint pigment d) As an electrolyte in lead acid accumulators e) To remove the metal oxide frommetal surfaces before electroplating H2SO4 + 2NH3 (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium sulphate) H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O (potassium sulphate)
- 2. The manufacture of sulpuric acid 1. Sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process in the industry. 2. The raw material used in the contact process aresulphur, air and water. 3. The contact process involvethree stages : Sulphur Sulphur dioxide Sulphur trioxide Sulphuric acid 4. Stage 1 : Production of sulphur dioxide gas, SO2, by burning of sulphur with air. S + O2 SO2 5. Stage 2 : Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide, SO3 in the following conditions : a) The presence of vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5 as catalyst b) A temperature of between 450°C - 550°C. c) A pressureof one atmosphere 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 6. Stage 3 : Two process areinvolved here : a) Sulphur trioxide is dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum, H2S2O7, a viscous liquid. SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7 b) Oleum is then diluted with water to produce concentrated sulphric acid. H2S2O7 + H2O 2H2SO4
- 3. Environment Pollutionby SulphurDioxide 1. Sulphur dioxide is a poisonous and acidic gas that can cause environmental pollution. Inhaling sulphur dioxide can causelung diseases. 2. The sourceof sulphur dioxide is from the burning of fossilfuels such as petroleum. Most of the fossilfuels contain some sulphur. 3. Sulphur dioxide gas dissolvein atmospheric water to produce sulphurous acid, H2SO3 and suphuric acid, H2SO4. Thepresenceof these acids rain water can causes acid rain. 4. The effects of acid rain as follows : a) Corrodes concretebuildings and metal structures b) Destroys trees and plants in forests c) Makes the soil acidic here hence unsuitablefor growth of plants d) Makes the water in lakes and rivers acidic and may destroy aquatic life