Chemical equation
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The document discusses key aspects of chemical equations including: 1. Chemical equations have three main parts: reactants, reaction conditions, and products. 2. Mass is conserved in chemical reactions - the total mass at the start is the same as the total mass at the end. 3. Chemical reactions involve rearrangements of atoms, not changes to atoms themselves. Balancing chemical equations ensures the same number and type of atoms are on both sides.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chemical equation
- 2. All chemical equations have 3 major parts: Reactants reaction condition products Reactants: All chemicals or substances that you begin with Products: all the chemicals or substances that you end up with.
- 3. In a chemical reaction the mass you begin with is the mass you end up with. In a chemical reaction we don’t change atoms. This can be observed in a closed system. Closed system: nothing can escape Open system: things can escape If you consider a large enough container it always is a closed system.
- 4. We know that: 1. Atoms do not change types 2. Mass is conserved To have the same number of each atom in the reactants and products, you must balance the chemical equation. To Balance , add coefficient in front of the chemical formula. To help remember this, remember this sentence: I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends. Iodine, hydrogen, nitrogen, bromine, oxygen, chlorine, and fluorine
- 5. 1. Write the word equation 2. Write the symbol; ionic (polyatomic ions), covalent, diatomic compounds 3. Balance all atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen 4. Balance polyatomic ions if they appear in reactants and products 5. Balance oxygen 6. Balance hydrogen 7. Repeat 3-6 until no changes are made
- 6. Synthesis: Combining two compounds/ atoms together Decomposition: a molecule “falling” apart Single Displacement: one molecule replaces another in a molecule Double Displacement: two parts of two molecules switching places Combustion: something burning in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water