Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation talks about the formation of chemical bonds. This presentation gives insight into the formation of Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds and Metallic Bonds with examples.
It is the presentation on the MEIOSIS phase of the Cell division.
It includes all the details and definitions that are related to the topic of meiosis with the labelled diagrams.
If you have any query or a question, you may ask in the comment box.
thanks.
Cell cycle & Mitosis presentation to help understand the basic concepts related to the topic. This topic is included in the Maharashtra Board curriculum for XIth Std Biology paper. All videos inserted in this powerpoint have their respective copyrights. Unauthorized distribution and copying of the same is prohibited
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
It is the presentation on the MEIOSIS phase of the Cell division.
It includes all the details and definitions that are related to the topic of meiosis with the labelled diagrams.
If you have any query or a question, you may ask in the comment box.
thanks.
Cell cycle & Mitosis presentation to help understand the basic concepts related to the topic. This topic is included in the Maharashtra Board curriculum for XIth Std Biology paper. All videos inserted in this powerpoint have their respective copyrights. Unauthorized distribution and copying of the same is prohibited
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
How do we describe the bonding between transition metal (ions) and their ligands (like water, ammonia, CO etc) ?
The Crystal Field Model gives a simple theory to explain electronic spectra.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation describes various co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional RNA modifications in eukaryotic cells. The following processes are described in detail:
1. 5' mRNA Capping
2. Splicing
3. Alternative Splicing
4. 3' Polyadenylation
5. RNA Editing
Enjoy Reading.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation describes the dynamic interplay of thermodynamic principles in living systems and biochemistry.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation talks about the founding principles of thermodynamics and its application in biochemistry. The later part of the presentation elaborates the forces involved in biomolecular mormation.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is like a history book of various discoveries that led to the development of quantum mechanics. The presentation also tries to address the debate between the radicals (supporters of quantum theory) and classical (supporters of Newtonian physics).
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is about the modern theories of origin of life and RNA world. My presentation is mostly inspired and adapted from the groundbreaking research work of Prof. Jack Szostack.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation tries to address essential questions of RNA world and as to how and why DNA evolved as genetic material.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is about the historical perspectives of the discovery of atoms and subatomic particles. The later part of the presentation describes various atomic models and the properties of subatomic particles with a description of commonly used terms like molecules, ions and compounds.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
This presentation talks about the process of transcription in prokaryotes with an elaborative view on prokaryotic promoters, sigma factors and structure of RNA Polymerase. The later part of the presentation describes the process of initiation, elongation and termination of transcription.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is about the process of transcription in eukaryotes. The presentation describes the structure of various eukaryotic RNA polymerase promoters. The later part of the presentation gives a detailed insight into the mechanism of transcription of RNA Pol II genes and summarizes the post-transcriptional modification of mRNA.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
This presentation talks about the process of transcription in prokaryotes with an elaborative view on prokaryotic promoters, sigma factors and structure of RNA Polymerase. The later part of the presentation describes the process of initiation, elongation and termination of transcription.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation talks about replication and partition mechanism of plasmid. The later part of the presentation describes "Theta Model" and "Rolling Circle Model" of replication.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation talks about the types of mutations, various mutagens and their mechanism of mutagenesis. The later part of the presentation describes various DNA repair mechanisms.
The current presentation talks about the mechanism of eukaryotic replication with emphasis on replicative control along various phases of Cell Cycle. The current presentation also gives a detailed insight on Hefick's limit and the functionality of telomerase.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation talks about the historical perspective of the Discovery of DNA as genetic material and mechanism of prokaryotic replication.
More from Dr. UJWALKUMAR TRIVEDI, Ph. D., FICS (14)
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
3. a) Atomic number = number of protons
b) Electrons vary in the amount of energy they
possess, and they occur at certain energy
levels or electron shells.
a) Electron shells determine how an atom
behaves when it encounters other atoms
4. The octet rule is a simple chemical rule of thumb that
states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they
each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving
them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. The
rule is applicable to the main-group elements, especially
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to
metals such as sodium or magnesium. In simple terms,
molecules or ions tend to be most stable when the
outermost electron shells of their atoms contain eight
electrons
5. Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so
as to have 8 electrons
C would like to
N would like to
O would like to
Gain 4 electrons
Gain 3 electrons
Gain 2 electrons
8. Bonds are formed to attain the Nobel gas
configuration (Octate Rule)
1.Ionic bonds –
2.Covalent bonds –
3.Metallic bonds
9. Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed as a result of electrostatic
interactions arising due to ions formed by gaining or
losing the electrons.
10. Ionic compounds result when metals react with
nonmetals
Metals lose electrons to match the number of
valence electrons of their nearest noble gas
Positive ions form when the number of electrons
are less than the number of protons
Group 1 metals → ion 1+
Group 2 metals → ion 2+
Group 13 metals → ion 3+
13. Group 1 Group 2 Group 13
H+
Mg2+
Al3+
Li+
Ca2+
Na+
Sr2+
K+
Ba2+
14. A. Number of valence electrons in aluminum
1) 1 e-
2) 2 e-
3) 3 e-
B. Change in electrons for octet
1) lose 3e-
2) gain 3 e-
3) gain 5
e-
C. Ionic charge of aluminum
1) 3- 2) 5- 3) 3+
15. A. Number of valence electrons in
aluminum
3) 3 e-
B. Change in electrons for octet
1) lose 3e-
C. Ionic charge of aluminum
3) 3+
16. Give the ionic charge for each of the
following:
A. 12 p+
and 10 e-
1) 0 2) 2+ 3) 2-
B. 50p+
and 46 e-
1) 2+ 2) 4+ 3) 4-
C. 15 p+
and 18e-
2) 3+ 2) 3- 3) 5-
17. In ionic compounds, nonmetals in 15,
16, and 17 gain electrons from metals
Nonmetal add electrons to achieve the
octet arrangement
Nonmetal ionic charge:
3-, 2-, or 1-
19. Between atoms of metals and nonmetals with very
different electronegativity
Bond formed by transfer of electrons
Produce charged ions all states. Conductors and
have high melting point.
Examples; NaCl, CaCl2, K2O
22. Ionic bond in NaCl – electron from Na is transferred to
Cl, this causes a charge imbalance in each atom. The Na
becomes (Na+) and the Cl becomes (Cl-), charged
particles or ions.
NaClNaCl
24. Between nonmetallic elements of similar
electronegativity.
Formed by sharing electron pairs
Stable non-ionizing particles, they are not
conductors at any state
Examples; O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC
26. Non Polar Covalent bonds-Two atoms share one
or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.
Oxygen AtomOxygen Atom Oxygen AtomOxygen Atom
Oxygen Molecule (OOxygen Molecule (O22))
29. - water is a polar molecule because oxygen is more
electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore electrons
are pulled closer to oxygen.
Structure of H2O
30.
31. Formed between atoms of metallic elements
Electron cloud around atoms
Good conductors at all states, lustrous, very high
melting points
Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co
