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- 1. American Government andPolitics: Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship Chapter Ten Political Parties
- 2. Chapter Ten: LearningObjectives • Define political parties • Explain the historical development of the American party system • Discuss the meaning and impact of party identification
- 3. Chapter Ten: LearningObjectives • Analyze the various forms of party organization • Understand the role of parties in government • Appraise different arguments about virtues and defects of the party system
- 4. Introduction Do you believethat political parties are an important part of a deliberative democracy? Why or why not? Political parties and the issues separating the parties have evolved over time.
- 5. Political Parties andTheir Functions: The Meaning of Party Three levels of political parties 1. Party in the electorate 2. Party organization 3. Party in government
- 6. Political Parties andTheir Functions: The Functions of Party Political parties are not addressed in the Constitution. Political parties emerged as one way for citizens to mobilize for political action, especially during election time. Democratic-Republicans and Federalists were early American political parties.
- 7. Party Alignments andRealignments Why does the United States have a two-party system? What are the differences between partisan alignment and partisan realignment?
- 8. Party Alignments andRealignments: Early Party Era Federalists had economic resources, but the Democratic-Republicans were better at voter mobilization. The presidential election of 1800 started a shift in the party system.
- 9. Party Alignments andRealignments: Democrats and Whigs The Democrats gained power through party patronage. During this time, national party conventions emerged. The Democrats’ opponents were known as Whigs.
- 10. Party Alignments andRealignments: Republicans Rising Immigration issues emerged and some anti-immigrant Whigs formed the American Party or the Know-Nothings. Opinions on slavery split the Democrats. The Civil War was the beginning of a new party realignment with the emergence of the Republican Party.
- 11. Myths and Misinformation Officialparty histories – yada, yada, yada Both the Democratic and Republican parties cast their history in a positive light and often ignore some of their negative history.
- 12. Party Alignments andRealignments: Populists and Progressives The Populist Party emerged in the late 1800s to represent rural interests. The Progressive Party was part of the movement which fought for adoption of election procedures like primary elections.
- 13. Party Alignments andRealignments: New Deal With Roosevelt’s election in 1932, the New Deal coalition emerged and southerners, Jews, Catholics, African Americans, people with roots in Southern and Eastern Europe, union members, poor people, intellectuals, and artists were attracted to the Democratic Party.
- 14. Party Alignments andRealignments: Upheavals By the mid to late 1960s, the Democrats began to lose some of their base from the New Deal coalition. Ronald Reagan built a stronger coalition for the Republican Party, but not strong enough to prevent divided government.
- 15. Party Alignments andRealignments: Sources of Party Change What are some sources of party change? • Ideas about government and politics • Major historical events • Economic and demographic change
- 16. Parties in theElectorate: Party Identification How do these characteristics affect party identification? • Age • Income • Education • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender
- 17. Parties in theElectorate: Party Identification
- 18. Parties in theElectorate: Party Registration and Primaries Types of primaries 1. Closed 2. Semiclosed 3. Open 4. Blanket (outlawed in 2000)
- 19. Pledges and Promises Partyloyalty Throughout history, citizens have taken oaths and pledges to participate in political party activities.
- 20. Party Organization What roledo political party organizations play in choosing candidates? Rick Wilking/Reuters/Landov Ethan Miller/Getty Images
- 21. Party Organization: State andLocal Parties State and local political parties may not be as influential as they once were, but continue to provide important assistance to political candidates in their campaigns.
- 22. Party Organization: National PartyCommittees The national party committees supply money to candidates. Forms of campaign expenditures include • Direct contributions • Coordinated expenditures • Independent expenditures
- 23. Party Organization: National PartyCommittees
- 24. Party Organization: National PartyConventions What is the purpose of the national party conventions? Are there differences between the Democratic and Republican national party conventions?
- 25. Party in Government Whatis the relationship of party in the electorate and party in government?
- 26. International Perspectives The parliamentaryexample What can America learn from parliamentary systems?
- 27. Third Parties What rolesdo third parties play in American politics? What barriers do third parties face in their quest for power in American politics?
- 28. Political Parties and DeliberativeDemocracy Should parties be more specialized in their focus or more broad-based? Would a system that encourages more parties be better or worse for deliberative democracy?
- 29. Deliberation, Citizenship, andYou College party organizations Political parties have active chapters on many college campuses and, as such, may foster more political deliberation among college students.
- 30. Summary • Republicans andDemocrats dominant • Party organizations try to influence electoral outcomes • Parties are important in government • Third parties can affect politics