Chapter 8 Political Parties
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Political parties serve important functions in American politics such as linking citizens' concerns to government, picking candidates, running campaigns, and coordinating policymaking. There are three components of a political party: the party in the electorate consisting of voters, the party organization made up of local and national officials and staff, and the party in government comprising elected representatives. Throughout American history, political parties have undergone periods of dominance by one party known as party eras, which are sometimes punctuated by critical elections that cause party realignments. While third parties rarely win elections, they can influence the major parties by bringing new issues and constituencies into politics.
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![The Meaning of Party
Political Party:
– A “team of men [and women] seeking to
control the governing apparatus by gaining
office in a duly constituted election.”
Parties can be thought of in three parts:
– Party in the electorate
– Party as an organization
– Party in government](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Political parties in the US have become weaker over time. They were disliked by the founders but grew in importance during the Jacksonian era. However, reforms introduced by progressives curtailed parties' power and influence. This weakened parties and made them less able to hold officeholders accountable. Additionally, the federal system and state laws regulating parties have decentralized power and further weakened them. Now, candidates are chosen through primaries rather than being selected by party leaders. While parties still provide labels and organizations, their ability to coordinate across branches of government has declined.
Political Parties
Political parties are complex organizations that serve several functions in the US political system. They organize elections, help candidates get elected, and work to advance their policy platforms. Parties have different components, including the party in government made up of elected officials, the party in the electorate of citizens who identify with the party, and formal party organizations. While parties have dominated US politics for over 200 years, minor third parties face challenges to disrupting the two-party system due to electoral and legal barriers.
Ap government perez
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the US Constitution and government. It begins by discussing the Articles of Confederation and weaknesses that led to the Constitutional Convention. It then covers the separation of powers, checks and balances, theories of democracy, federalism, political beliefs and behaviors of citizens, political parties, interest groups, media, and institutions of government like the presidency, Congress, and bureaucracy. The document is a review guide that defines and explains these foundational concepts.
Political Parties And Interest Groups
Interest groups attempt to influence government through lobbying and advocacy on issues important to their members. They communicate with politicians and use tools like money, gifts, and propaganda to sway decision making. Political parties seek to attain political power by participating in elections. They often support certain ideologies and represent subgroups with differing interests. The major US parties are the Republican Party, considered more socially and economically conservative, and the Democratic Party, considered more socially liberal and economically interventionist.
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The document outlines the agenda and objectives for a civics class. It includes a DO NOW activity, reviewing sections 6.3 and 6.4, taking notes on the two party system, analyzing a political cartoon, learning about the political spectrum, and taking a quiz. It then provides information about political parties, their roles, and the advantages and disadvantages of a two and multi-party system as well as one party governments. It concludes with reminders about an upcoming test, current events assignment, and notebook checks.
AP Political Parties
Political parties serve several key functions in the US political system. They choose candidates, run campaigns, cue voters on candidates and policies, and help coordinate governance once in power. The two main parties are the Democrats and Republicans. Democrats generally support more liberal policies around issues like gun control and abortion, while Republicans generally support more conservative policies around issues like tax cuts and immigration. Over time, the dominant party in government and the composition of each party's coalition of voters has changed through critical elections and realignments. The US has historically had a two-party system, making it difficult for third parties to gain widespread support.
Intro to Political Parties
This document defines political parties and describes their functions. It explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections. Parties work to nominate candidates, campaign, take policy stances to attract voters, and oversee the conduct of government once in power. The US has a two-party system due to historical precedent, tradition, and electoral rules that make it difficult for third parties to succeed. Multi-party systems elect multiple parties through coalitions, providing broader representation.
Intro to Political Parties
This document defines political parties and describes their functions. It explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections. Parties work to nominate candidates, campaign, take policy stances to attract voters, and oversee the conduct of government once in power. The US has a two-party system due to historical precedent, tradition, and electoral rules that make it difficult for third parties to succeed. Multi-party systems elect coalitions and represent diverse views, while one-party systems are common in dictatorships.
Introduction to Political Parties in the U.S.
Political parties serve several important functions in democratic governments. The two major parties in the United States are the Republican and Democratic parties. While minor parties exist, the electoral system and election laws tend to reinforce the dominance of the two major parties. Some characteristics that have historically differentiated the two major parties are views on the role of government and which demographic groups they tend to attract more.
Political Parties
Political parties are groups that seek to elect candidates to public office by providing them a party label. While the US was founded without parties, a two-party system evolved from competing factions. Major parties today are the Democrats and Republicans. Parties help nominate candidates, raise funds, register voters, simplify choices for voters, and provide a loyal opposition after elections. Third parties face challenges due to the winner-take-all electoral system.
Political Parties Iii
Political parties are important in a democracy to organize candidates, present alternative policy options to voters, and help mobilize public support. The main US political parties today are the Republican Party and Democratic Party. They emerged from the early Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties and evolved through various political eras and realignments related to issues like slavery and economic policies. Parties help structure government and provide accountability to voters.
Politicalparties 150305105626-conversion-gate01
The document discusses the two-party system in America and the roles and functions of political parties. It describes how the Republican and Democratic parties are the two main parties and how they choose candidates to run for office. It also discusses how third parties exist but rarely win elections. The document aims to explain what political parties are, their role in elections and government, and how citizens can learn about party platforms to determine which party they agree with most.
Political parties 15
Political parties are groups that organize around similar ideologies and seek to control the government by winning elections. The United States has historically had a two-party system dominated by the Democratic and Republican parties. While minor third parties exist, they struggle to gain widespread support due to the winner-take-all electoral system and American consensus around the major parties.
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Politicalpartiesandinterestgroups 100103012644-phpapp01
Politicalpartiesandinterestgroups 100103012644-phpapp01
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Chapter 8 Political Parties
- 2. The Meaning of Party Political Party: – A “team of men [and women] seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election.” Parties can be thought of in three parts: – Party in the electorate – Party as an organization – Party in government
- 3. The Meaning of Party Tasks of the Parties – Linkage Institution: The channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the government’s policy agenda. – Parties Pick Candidates – Parties Run Campaigns – Parties Give Cues to Voters – Parties Articulate Policies – Parties Coordinate Policymaking
- 4. The Meaning of Party Parties, Voters, and Policy: The Downs Model – Rational-choice theory: Assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, weighing the costs & benefits. Figure 8.1
- 5. The Party in the Electorate Party identification is a citizen’s self- proclaimed preference for one party or the other. Ticket-splitting: – Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. – Ticket-splitting has become the norm in American voting behavior.
- 6. The Party in the Electorate
- 7. The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington These are the people that work for the party. Local Parties – Party Machines: A type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements to win votes and to govern. – Patronage: A job, promotion or contract given for political reasons rather than merit. Used by party machines. – Now urban party organizations are generally weak. – County organizations have partially filled the void.
- 8. The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington The 50 State Party Systems – Closed primaries: voters must be registered with their party in advance and can only vote for that party – Open primaries: voters decide on election day which party to participate in, and then only that party – Blanket primaries: voters get a list of all candidates and can vote for one name for each office, regardless of party label – State party organizations are on an upswing in terms of headquarters and budgets.
- 9. The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington The National Party Organizations – National Convention: The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and the party’s platform. – National Committee: One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions. – National Chairperson: Responsible for day-to- day activities of the party.
- 10. The Party in Government: Promises and Policy These are the party members actually elected to government. Candidates are less dependent on parties to get elected, but they still need help. Coalition: – A group of individuals with a common interest upon which every political party depends. Parties& politicians generally do what they say they will do.
- 11. The Party in Government: Promises and Policy
- 12. Party Eras in American History Party Eras – Historical periods in which a majority of votes cling to the party in power. Critical Election – An electoral “earthquake” where new issues and new coalitions emerge. Party Realignment – The displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election.
- 13. Party Eras in American History 1796-1824: The First Party System – Madison warned of “factions” – First party were the Federalists 1828-1856:Jackson and the Democrats Versus the Whigs – Modern party founded by Jackson – Whigs formed mainly in opposition to Democrats
- 14. Party Eras in American History 1860-1928: The Two Republican Eras – Republicans rose as the antislavery party – 1896 election revolved around the gold standard 1932-1964: The New Deal Coalition – Forged by the Democrats - relied upon urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners
- 15. Party Eras in American History Party Coalitions Today (Figure 8.2)
- 16. Party Eras in American History 1968-Present: The Era of Divided Party Government – Party dealignment - disengagement of people from parties – Party neutrality - people are indifferent towards the two parties
- 17. Party Eras in American History Partisan Control of State Governments: 2005 (Figure 8.3)
- 18. Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics Political parties other than Democrat or Republican Rarely win elections Third parties bring new groups and ideas into politics Two-party system discourages extreme views
- 19. Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics Winner-take-all system: – Legislative seats awarded only to first place finishers. Proportional Representation: – Legislative seats awarded based on votes received by the party - more votes, more seats Coalition Government: – Two or more parties join to run government
- 20. Understanding Political Parties Democracyand Responsible Party Government 1. Parties have distinct comprehensive programs. 2. Candidates are committed to the program. 3. Majority party must carry out its program. 4. Majority party must accept responsibility.
- 21. Understanding Political Parties American Political Parties and the Scope of Government – Lack of uniformity keeps government small – But, it also makes cutting government programs harder to do
- 22. Understanding Political Parties Is the Party Over? – Political parties are no longer the chief source of information for voters – State and national party organizations are getting stronger – Majority of people still identify with a party, but still split their tickets – Parties will continue to be around