The document outlines the fundamentals of biology, defining it as the study of living organisms and introducing key concepts like biotic and abiotic factors. It delves into the scientific method, including steps like hypothesis formation and experiment conduction, while discussing historical experiments that debunked the theory of spontaneous generation. It emphasizes common characteristics of all living things, such as cellular organization, reproduction, and evolution.

1. Word PartsBio – life or living things
-ology – the study of
A or An – not
Anti – against
itis – inflammation/swelling
Ist – a person who studies
Genesis - creation
Micro – small or tiny
Uni - one
Bi/Di – two
Multi – many

2. 22
Chapter OneChapter One
copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

3. 33
What is Biology?What is Biology?
Biology-Biology-study of all livingstudy of all living
thingsthings
Living things are calledLiving things are called
organismsorganisms
copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

4. What is Science?
Science is a way of knowing
and it’s an ongoing ever-
changing process

5. Have all Science Questions
been Answered?
Skeptical – its good not to always
have a definite explanation
because the world is always
changing.

6. Do flies come from old meat?
In 1668, Francesco Redi
disproved the Spontaneous
Generation hypothesis with a
controlled experiment.
Spontaneous Generation –
life arises from nonliving
matter.
Animalcules -
Microorganisms

7. Lazzaro Spallanzani stated, “New
organisms are produced only by
existing ones” using a gravy
experiment
Still debated because everyone
knows living things need air.
Finally, in 1864, Louis Pasteur
settled the debate. The “S”
shaped flask: Draw

8. copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale 88

9. Scientific Method
1. Ask a Question - not opinionated
2. Form a Hypothesis – a proposed
scientific explanation not “Educated
Guess” *Must be Testable*
3. Conduct a Controlled Experiment –
using a single manipulated variable

10. SM Cont.
4. Record and Analyze results – collect
data (information)
5. Prepare a Conclusion – summarize
data
6. Publish – let others review or
reproduce your work

11. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic factors – interaction of living things:
1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Fungi
4. Bacteria
5. Protist

12. Abiotic - physical or nonliving factors that
shape an ecosystem:
temperature
precipitation
humidity
wind
nutrients
soil
sunlight

13. Biotic vs. Abiotic Drawing

14. 1414
All Living Things ShareAll Living Things Share
Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics
1.1. Basic Unit is theBasic Unit is the CellCell
2.2. TheyThey ReproduceReproduce
3.3. All Based On UniversalAll Based On Universal
Genetic CodeGenetic Code (DNA)(DNA)
4.4. Grow & DevelopGrow & Develop
copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

15. 1515
5.5. Obtain & Use Materials &Obtain & Use Materials &
EnergyEnergy
6.6. RespondRespond To Their EnvironmentTo Their Environment
7.7. Maintain AMaintain A Stable InternalStable Internal
Environment -Environment - HomeostasisHomeostasis
8.8. AS A GROUPAS A GROUP, Living Things, Living Things
EvolveEvolve, That Is Why They, That Is Why They
Change Over TimeChange Over Time
copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

16. Versus
Hypothesis vs. Theory
– Proposed scientific explanation vs.
Well-tested explanation *Not A Fact*
Manipulated (Independent) vs. Responding
(Dependent) Variables
– Deliberately Changed vs. Observed Change
Biotic vs. Abiotic
– Living or Dead vs. Not Living (Char. Of Life)
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLesk8fujH8