All living things share several key characteristics: they are made of cells, use energy, respond to their environments, grow and develop, and reproduce. Francesco Redi conducted controlled experiments in the 1600s which disproved the idea of spontaneous generation and showed that living things only come from other living things, not non-living sources. All living things need certain basic requirements to survive including energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.

1. Bellwork 10/13 Get out a piece of paper and put your name on it Big and Clearly. Draw your name into a picture of anything Make sure your heading is on there. Name Hour Date Subject

2. TEXTBOOK: From Bacteria to Plants Chapter One: Living Things Section 1 “What is Life.” Pg. 16-23 MOO

3. PASS Strand: Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms Objectives: By classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structure. OINK

4. What is Life? A. The Characteristics of Living Things Organisms— a living thing . All living things have a. cellular organization b. Contain similar chemicals c. Use energy d. Grow and Develop e. Respond to their surroundings f. Reproduce

5. Cellular Organization a. All organisms are made of tiny building blocks called cells. b. Fit a million cells on the period at the end of this sentence. c. Unicellular or Multicellular Many functions

6. Contain Similar Chemicals a. Water—most abundant chemical in cells. b. Carbohydrates— energy source c.Proteins and lipids—building materials of the cell. (like wood and bricks for houses) d. Nucleic acids— genetic material. Directs the cells activities.

7. Use Energy a. Cells use energy to grow and repair injured parts. b. Cells for digestion need energy to digest food particles c. Blood cells need energy to move chemicals to your body .

8. Grow and Develop a. Growth —becoming larger b. Development —change that produces a more complex organism. Ex. Acorn turns into an oak tree

9. Respond to their surroundings React to changes in their environment b. Stimulus (plural stimuli)—a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react. i. Ex. Changes in temperature, light, sound c. Response —an action or change in behavior. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response.

10. Ex. When someone scares you (change of environment) you may scream, faint, run ( your response)

11. Reproduce Reproduce—the ability to produce offspring similar to the parents. Robins produce eggs Sunflowers produce seeds that develop into sunflowers Bacteria produce bacteria just like themselves.

12. Life Comes From Life New organisms arise from reproduction. Spontaneous generation—The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources.

13. Ex. Experiments of Redi and Pasteur pg. 20,

14. Francesco Redi Disproving Spontaneous Generation

15. People used to believe that frogs sprouted from mud in ponds. What is Spontaneous Generation?

16. People used to believe that flies came from rotted meat. What is Spontaneous Generation?

17. This was a strongly held belief. What is Spontaneous Generation?

18. It took hundreds of years of experiments to convince people that it does not occur. What is Spontaneous Generation?

19. Redi was one scientist who worked to disprove this idea (in the mid-1600’s). What is Spontaneous Generation?

20. What did Francesco Redi do? Francesco Redi did a controlled experiment to prove that spontaneous generation does not happen.

21. What did Francesco Redi do? His experiment focused on whether or not flies come from rotting meat.

22. Redi’s Controlled Experiment Set-up A Meat in jar Jar open Maggots on meat Set-up B Meat in jar Jar closed with cloth No Maggots in jar

23. How was this a “Controlled Experiment”? It was controlled because… He had only one manipulated variable – whether or not the meat was covered.

24. How is this a “Controlled Experiment”? It was controlled because… When he got his results, he knew what caused them, because there was only one difference between the set-ups.

25. Redi’s Conclusion Redi concluded that flies had laid eggs on the rotting meat that wasn’t covered , and the eggs hatched into maggots. …

26. Redi’s Conclusion So, the meat didn’t produce the maggots (young flies), the adult flies produced the young flies by laying eggs on the uncovered meat .

27. What we can learn… All living things come only from other living things. Spontaneous generation doesn’t happen .

28. The Needs of Living Things  All living things must satisfy their basic needs for energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.

29. Energy Heterotroph— Animals need food as their energy source, cannot make their own food. Sun is energy source indirectly b/c they either eat autotrophs and obtain their energy or consume other heterotrophs that eat autotrophs.

30. Energy Autotroph —organism which can make its own food .

31. Water All living things need water to survive. It can dissolve more chemicals than any other substance on earth. Helps by: Obtain chemicals from surroundings Break down food Grow Move substances within their bodies Reproduce

32. Living Space All organisms need a space to live. A place to get food and water, and to find shelter. Competition. Plants only have so much space. Compete for sunlight/ space. Roots compete for water and nutrients. Animals can move but share living spaces with others or compete for area.

33. Stable Internal Conditions Organisms must be able to keep the conditions inside their bodies constant. Homeostasis —keeping the internal conditions stable despite the changes in an organism’s surroundings .

34. Review What do all living things have in common?

35. Review What do all living things have in common? a. cellular organization b. Contain similar chemicals c. Use energy d. Grow and Develop e. Respond to their surroundings f. Reproduce

36. Review What did Francisco Redi Prove?

37. Review What did Francisco Redi Prove? That living things do not come from non living things. (Flies do not come from meat)

38. Review What do all living things need?

39. Review What do all living things need? Water Living Space Energy Stable Internal Conditions