Chapter 9 feudal europe
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The document discusses medieval Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire. It describes the rise of feudalism and manorialism as political and economic systems. Feudalism involved lords granting land (fiefs) to vassals in exchange for military and economic services. Society was organized into a hierarchy with kings and lords at the top, knights and vassals below them, and serfs at the bottom who were bound to work the land. Town life reemerged in this period and guilds formed to regulate trades. Christianity continued as a dominant institution.
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Chapter 12 rise of medieval europe
The Merovingians arose as the strongest Frankish group after the fall of Rome. Clovis was the first Merovingian king to accept Christianity in 481. Pepin the Short strengthened the position of the Franks when he was anointed by the Pope as divine ruler. Pepin's son Charlemagne further expanded the Frankish lands and was crowned Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800, reestablishing the Roman Empire in the West. Charlemagne's empire was divided after his death, weakening central authority and leading to more localized power under feudalism.
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The High Middle Ages refers to the 12th and 13th centuries in Europe. During this time:
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2. New cities grew along trade routes, as peasants fled serfdom and merchants sought protection. The largest cities had over 50,000 inhabitants. Urban societies developed social hierarchies and ethnic neighborhoods like Jewish quarters.
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The Merovingians arose as the strongest Frankish group after the fall of Rome. Clovis was the first Merovingian king to accept Christianity in 481. Pepin the Short strengthened the position of the Franks when he was anointed by the Pope as divine ruler. Pepin's son Charlemagne further expanded the Frankish lands and was crowned Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800, reestablishing the Roman Empire in the West. Charlemagne's empire was divided after his death, weakening central authority and leading to more localized power under feudalism.
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Marijampolė is a city in Lithuania that was originally founded as a village called Pašešupė in 1667. In the 18th century, it grew into a market town called Staropolė or Staropole. After a fire in 1768 destroyed much of the town, it was rebuilt and renamed Marijampolė after the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the 19th century, the town continued growing due to Jewish and German settlers and became an important center of Lithuanian national revival during Lithuanian suppression by the Russian Empire. Currently, Marijampolė has a population that is over 95% Lithuanian.
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The High Middle Ages refers to the 12th and 13th centuries in Europe. During this time:
1. Agricultural innovations like the heavy plow, crop rotation, irrigation, and watermills/windmills increased food production and reduced famines. This led to population growth and an economic boom.
2. New cities grew along trade routes, as peasants fled serfdom and merchants sought protection. The largest cities had over 50,000 inhabitants. Urban societies developed social hierarchies and ethnic neighborhoods like Jewish quarters.
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Feudalism developed in Western Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as kings struggled to collect taxes, protect their populations, and maintain armies against invaders. To gain military support, kings granted land and power to nobles in exchange for loyalty, advising, and private armies. Nobles became feudal lords ruling large fiefs. Peasants sought protection from nobles in exchange for working and farming the fiefs, receiving safety and a share of crops. This system of vassalage between kings, lords, and peasants defined the political, economic, and social structure of feudal Europe for several centuries.
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2) Two enlightened despots, Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, reformed laws and granted new rights to citizens while expanding their empires.
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During the European Middle Ages from 500-1200 CE:
- Charlemagne united many of the Germanic kingdoms under his Frankish Empire in the late 8th century.
- The feudal system emerged across Europe, based on a pyramid of land ownership and obligations of vassals to lords.
- The Catholic Church grew enormously in influence and power, establishing canon law and frequently competing for authority with political rulers.
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2. As centralized imperial rule declined in the 1100s due to civil war, a decentralized feudal system emerged in Japan similar to contemporary European feudalism, with samurai warriors and daimyo lords ruling over peasant farmers.
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The document summarizes key aspects of life in medieval Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. It describes the disruption caused by Germanic invasions, including the breakdown of trade and cities, decline of education, and loss of a common language. This led to the rise of feudalism, a political system where nobles granted land to vassals who owed military service in return. Manors formed the basic economic unit, with self-sufficient agriculture and social hierarchies topped by lords and knights. The Catholic Church played a major role, establishing monasteries, schools, and collecting tithes. By the late medieval period, stronger monarchies emerged in England and France, laying the foundations for modern European states.
Unit 2 feudal society
1. Medieval European society was organized into a feudal system following invasions in the 9th-11th centuries. Kings granted land to nobles who then protected peasants on that land.
2. The feudal system was based on a hierarchy of obligations where peasants pledged allegiance to local lords in exchange for protection, and lords pledged to the king in exchange for land. This created interlocking bonds of loyalty throughout society.
3. Medieval society was divided into estates of nobles, clergy, and workers. Nobles fought as knights and defended the people. Clergy prayed for spiritual salvation and managed church lands and monasteries. Peasants and craftsmen produced food and goods
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After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered a period of decline known as the Middle Ages. Three groups contributed to the emergence of a new civilization: the Romans through their legacy of laws and infrastructure; the Christian Church which spread across Europe and established a hierarchical organization; and Germanic tribes which established new kingdoms and introduced concepts of loyalty and family. Charlemagne later united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned by the Pope, representing the fusion of Roman, Christian and Germanic influences. However, his empire did not endure and Europe remained politically fragmented.
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Feudalism developed in Western Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as kings struggled to collect taxes, protect their populations, and maintain armies against invaders. To gain military support, kings granted land and power to nobles in exchange for loyalty, advising, and private armies. Nobles became feudal lords ruling large fiefs. Peasants sought protection from nobles in exchange for working and farming the fiefs, receiving safety and a share of crops. This system of vassalage between kings, lords, and peasants defined the political, economic, and social structure of feudal Europe for several centuries.
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The document summarizes major developments in Europe between 500-1200 CE:
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Lithuanian national symbols include the Vytis coat of arms depicting an armored knight, which was approved in 1990. The national flag and anthem express pride in Lithuania and its people. A founding legend says that Duke Gediminas had a vision of an iron wolf howling on a hill, which a priest interpreted as meaning Lithuania would have a great city (Vilnius) as strong as iron that would spread its fame far.
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I. The Atlantic slave trade transported over 12 million Africans between 1450-1850, with the 18th century seeing the height of the trade. The Portuguese initially dominated the trade, though the Dutch, English, and French later played major roles.
II. The slave trade intensified slavery and influenced politics in West and Central African societies like the Asante and Dahomey empires, with states close to the coast having more power.
III. Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to Southern Africa by 1500, where they encountered Dutch settlers at the Cape and later British rule, while the Zulu rose to power under Shaka in the early 1800s.
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The document summarizes changes in Europe between 1000-1500 AD, from the early to high Middle Ages. It describes improvements to agriculture like the heavy plow and three field system that increased food production. As populations grew, more people moved to towns to join the emerging middle class of burghers, bourgeoisie, and merchants. Trade also expanded through routes like the Mediterranean and Hanseatic League, supported by the establishment of local and great trade fairs. New social classes and business practices like guilds emerged as Europe transitioned from feudalism.
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1) The most famous salon was hosted by Madam Geoffrin in Paris, where women gathered intellectuals and artists to discuss ideas from the Enlightenment.
2) Two enlightened despots, Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, reformed laws and granted new rights to citizens while expanding their empires.
3) Joseph II, the Holy Roman Emperor, tried to modernize the Austrian empire by granting new freedoms to religious minorities and peasants, though many reforms were reversed after his death.
Chapter13
During the European Middle Ages from 500-1200 CE:
- Charlemagne united many of the Germanic kingdoms under his Frankish Empire in the late 8th century.
- The feudal system emerged across Europe, based on a pyramid of land ownership and obligations of vassals to lords.
- The Catholic Church grew enormously in influence and power, establishing canon law and frequently competing for authority with political rulers.
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The document outlines the history curriculum taught in Belarusian schools about neighboring countries such as Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. It provides brief summaries of key historical events and periods that involve interactions between Belarus and these neighboring states, such as unions between Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland, inclusion of Belarusian lands into the Russian Empire, and the formation of Soviet republics in the 20th century. It also notes some differing views that may exist in how these neighboring countries portray shared historical events.
Japanese Middle Ages
1. Early Japanese culture was influenced by adopting aspects of Chinese culture such as Buddhism, Confucian values, architecture, and agricultural techniques, while maintaining native Japanese traditions like Shintoism.
2. As centralized imperial rule declined in the 1100s due to civil war, a decentralized feudal system emerged in Japan similar to contemporary European feudalism, with samurai warriors and daimyo lords ruling over peasant farmers.
3. During the Shogunate period from the 1100s to 1860s, supreme military leaders called shoguns governed Japan through a feudal system with the emperor serving as a figurehead, cementing decentralized rule in contrast to the earlier imperial system modeled after China.
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Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural influences from China and the rise of feudalism under military rulers. The Yamato clan took control in the 400s and named emperors to rule, though sometimes in name only. Buddhism spread from China and mixed with existing Shinto practices. In the late 700s, the capital moved to Heian where an refined aristocratic culture developed, illustrated by The Tale of Genji. However, as central power declined in the 1000s, large landowners built private armies and established feudal rule over smaller landowners seeking protection. The Minamoto family established the Kamakura shogunate in 1192, placing a military dictator or shogun in power supported by samur
7
The document summarizes key aspects of the Italian Renaissance that began in the 15th century. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy due to its position at the center of the Roman Empire, links created via the Crusades to the Middle East, and competition among powerful city-states like Florence and Venice which drove cultural and economic developments. It also describes the rise of urban nobles in Italian cities who gained wealth from trade rather than land and helped transform society.
The foundation of_rome_and_other
The most important dates in Italian history include:
- 753 BC - The founding of Rome by Romulus, descended from the royal line of Alba Longa.
- Circa 1200 BC - After the fall of Troy, the Trojan hero Aeneas journeys throughout the Mediterranean and eventually lands in Lazio, Italy where he is welcomed by King Latinus.
- 753 BC - Romulus and his twin brother Remus, descendants of Aeneas and Mars, found Rome but Romulus kills Remus and becomes the city's first king.
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Feudalism ppt
Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire to address the lack of a central governing authority. With the collapse of Rome, hundreds of independent kingdoms emerged to fill the power vacuum. Peasants, facing insecurity, offered their labor to landowning lords in exchange for military protection. This led to the rise of a feudal system where lords provided security and land to vassals who then owed military service back to their lords. At the bottom were serfs who were bound to the land and provided labor but had little freedom. Overall, feudalism established hierarchies of obligation and service to maintain order in the unstable early Middle Ages following Rome's decline.
Renaissanceintro[1]
The document discusses how the Renaissance changed life in Europe across social, political, and economic realms. Socially, a new class system emerged with a powerful merchant class, greater social mobility, and an emphasis on the individual. Politically, powerful monarchs arose in Northern Europe. Economically, Italian merchants dominated city-states, a money economy developed, and trade flourished due to changes like the commercial revolution. The Renaissance saw the flourishing of the arts and the spread of new ideas through the printing press.
Mm
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The document summarizes key aspects of life in medieval Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. It describes the disruption caused by Germanic invasions, including the breakdown of trade and cities, decline of education, and loss of a common language. This led to the rise of feudalism, a political system where nobles granted land to vassals who owed military service in return. Manors formed the basic economic unit, with self-sufficient agriculture and social hierarchies topped by lords and knights. The Catholic Church played a major role, establishing monasteries, schools, and collecting tithes. By the late medieval period, stronger monarchies emerged in England and France, laying the foundations for modern European states.
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1. Medieval European society was organized into a feudal system following invasions in the 9th-11th centuries. Kings granted land to nobles who then protected peasants on that land.
2. The feudal system was based on a hierarchy of obligations where peasants pledged allegiance to local lords in exchange for protection, and lords pledged to the king in exchange for land. This created interlocking bonds of loyalty throughout society.
3. Medieval society was divided into estates of nobles, clergy, and workers. Nobles fought as knights and defended the people. Clergy prayed for spiritual salvation and managed church lands and monasteries. Peasants and craftsmen produced food and goods
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After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered a period of decline known as the Middle Ages. Three groups contributed to the emergence of a new civilization: the Romans through their legacy of laws and infrastructure; the Christian Church which spread across Europe and established a hierarchical organization; and Germanic tribes which established new kingdoms and introduced concepts of loyalty and family. Charlemagne later united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned by the Pope, representing the fusion of Roman, Christian and Germanic influences. However, his empire did not endure and Europe remained politically fragmented.
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The document summarizes the political, economic, and social changes in Europe during the Middle Ages following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. As centralized authority broke down, the Roman infrastructure declined and cities were abandoned. Trade routes became unsafe, literacy declined, and Latin was replaced by emerging Romance languages. Local nobles filled the power vacuum as small kingdoms formed. By the 800s, Charlemagne had built a new Frankish empire and was crowned by the Pope, though his empire did not last. Feudalism emerged as a new political and economic system organized around land ownership and military service. The Catholic Church provided stability and its own system of authority.
The Early Midle Ages
Medieval Europe spanned from 500 to 1500 CE following the fall of Rome. It was characterized by weak local governments and a decline in cities, trade, and literacy. Germanic tribes divided the region into small kingdoms. The Franks, led by Clovis, established the Merovingian dynasty and converted to Christianity. Charlemagne further united Europe under the Carolingian Empire in 800 CE and promoted education. After his death, the empire fragmented and was vulnerable to attacks from Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system defined by the exchange of land for military service between lords and vassals.
Unit 4. Ancient Rome
Roman civilization originated in the city of Rome, founded in the 8th century BC along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus. Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians, and later included slaves. The government transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire. The Roman Empire reached its peak between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD during the Pax Romana, but economic and political crises led to the Western Empire's fall in 476 AD. Roman influence is still seen today through language, laws, and Christianity.
Feudal europe(updated)
The document discusses feudal Europe, beginning with the Carolingian Empire established by Charlemagne in the 8th century. After Charlemagne's death, the empire was divided among his grandsons. It then describes the second wave of invasions from Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims in the 9th-10th centuries, which weakened royal authority. This led to the rise of feudalism, a political and economic system where kings granted land to nobles who provided military service, and nobles granted land to knights and vassals, who also provided service. Feudal society was divided into three estates - nobility, clergy, and peasants - and was based around a rural, self-sufficient
Middle Ages Essay
The document is a multi-paragraph essay about the Middle Ages. It discusses several topics from the time period, including Clovis as a great leader, the rise of Islam as a powerful religion, and Charlemagne's creation of a large empire in Europe. It also mentions the Treaty of Verdun which divided Charlemagne's empire into three regions, and the Viking raids on communities along European rivers. In addition, it provides context about the untapped potential of Europe at the dawn of the Middle Ages, with dense forests and fertile black soil.
Presentation14
The document provides details about the Crusades between 1000-1500 CE. It explains that the Crusades were holy missions launched by the Pope to retake the Holy Land from the Turks and liberate Christian sites. Thousands of knights and soldiers from Europe united under Christianity and attacked Muslim and Jewish populations in Turkey and Jerusalem in order to gain land for Christians. The Crusades had major impacts such as the persecution of Jews and Muslims, increased European economic development through trade, and gains in power for kings and popes.
Medieval Casey
The document discusses the political, economic, social, and religious developments in medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Politically, feudalism became dominant, with weak central authority and power held locally by lords. Economically, serfdom and the manor system prevailed, with most people tied to subsistence agriculture. Socially, a rigid hierarchy existed with nobility determined by birth and the Catholic Church as the main authority.
13.1, 13.2, and 13.4
The document summarizes key developments during the Middle Ages in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how the empire fragmented as barbarian tribes invaded and centralized authority broke down. This led to the disruption of trade, decline of cities, shifts in population to rural areas, reduced learning, and loss of common languages. Feudal systems emerged to provide local governance and security in the absence of a strong central power. The Catholic Church remained as one of the few institutions providing stability and literacy. The document also profiles figures like Charlemagne who worked to rebuild aspects of the former empire.
Unit 5. Roman Civilisation
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy centered around agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade within the large empire and abroad. Society was stratified but included citizens, freemen, slaves, and women. Roman culture had a significant impact through its Latin-based languages, legal system, and the adoption of Christianity. Famous Roman architectural achievements included aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and infrastructure to support cities laid out in a grid pattern. Roman art incorporated sculpture, painting, and mosaic techniques.
Ppt middle age
The Early Middle Ages in Western Europe (450-900 CE) was a difficult time of invasion and weakness. Literacy was low, confined mainly to monasteries. The Feudal system and Manorialism developed, with serfs living under difficult conditions on manors. However, starting around 900 CE, agricultural innovations increased food production and population growth. Towns and trade expanded, and a recovery was underway in Western Europe. Universities also began developing. By the High Middle Ages, Western civilization reached new heights in the 1100-1200s CE.
European middle ages upload
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the decline and revival of European cities during the Middle Ages. Factors that led to urban decline included Viking invasions, the Black Death plague, a decline in agricultural production due to warfare and early feudalism, and the Little Ice Age. Factors that contributed to urban revival included the end of invasions, safer transportation enabling trade and commerce, warmer temperatures between 800-1300 CE which increased agricultural production and population, and a larger available labor force. The document prompts the reader to analyze and evaluate which factors were most significant in causing urban decline and revival.
MIDDLE AGES AND FEUDALISM AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD
This document provides an overview of medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. It discusses the rise of the Holy Roman Empire under Charlemagne in the late 8th century, which reunited much of Western Europe. It also describes the development of feudalism and the social hierarchy that emerged, with nobles, knights, and peasants. Peasants lived under feudal contracts and were essentially tied to the land. The document notes improvements to medieval agriculture that increased food production. The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in feudal society and politics.
unit_5_1_feudalism_and_manorsystem.ppt
Feudalism spread across Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire because it provided a system of protection when centralized governments collapsed. Feudalism involved lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military service to defend their fiefs. This reciprocal relationship maintained order and security. The manor system developed as a way to organize farming on fiefs. Lords granted land to serfs who lived and worked on manors in exchange for food, shelter and labor. The self-sufficient manor system was well-suited to Europe's geography and ensured lords and peasants had their basic needs met locally during unstable times when travel was difficult. Together, feudalism and the manor system helped restore stability across Europe following the fall
Unit 5. roman civilisation
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy consisted of agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade, facilitated by expansion of the Empire and infrastructure like roads. Roman society had citizens, non-citizens, slaves, and women held different legal statuses. Roman culture included law, Latin language, polytheistic religion later replaced by Christianity, and contributions to literature. Architecture such as aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and baths endured. Art embraced sculpture, painting, and mosaics emulating Greek styles.
CHAPTER 7 EARLY MIDDLE AGES IN SOCIAL STUDIES
1. The document discusses the development of medieval civilization in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic kingdoms were established and the Christian Church provided unity.
2. It describes how a feudal system developed in the absence of strong central rulers, with lords granting land to vassals who then owed military service.
3. Key figures like Charlemagne and the Franks expanded their power, with Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor, but his empire broke apart after his death. This led to the rise of the feudal system across Europe.
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Chapter 9 feudal europe
- 1. Bell Ringer: What was the name of the church in the Western Roman Empire? Who was the leader of that church? Clear off desk except for a sheet of paper! :)
- 2. Fluency Feudal Europe Chapter 9 Charlemagne- (Char-luh-main) feudalism- (few-duh-lism) chivalry- (shiv-ul-ree)
- 3. 1,000 year period in between known as the Middle Ages. The Renaissance The Fall of Rome
- 4. The Geography of Europe Key features: 1. Europe borders Atlantic Ocean on the west and Arctic Ocean in the north. 2. Mediterranean Sea serves as a southern border. 3. Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains. 4. 2 mountain ranges- Alps and Apennines 5. Plains and farmland 6. Longest river in Europe: Volga The Climate North: cold winters South: mild winters/hot summers Most of Europe has a lot of rainfall
- 5. Cultural Changes -no longer ruled by a single emperor -little kingdoms existed -no large government systems or trade systems -little emphasis on learning -the educated middle class disappeared -schools did not exist -the "Great Works" from the Ancient Greeks and Romans ceased to exist too. Christianity! -The only institution to survive the fall of Rome. -Many Germanic people converted to Christianity -In 486 Frankish leader Colvis I invaded Gaul (which was controlled by former Rome) -He made his subjects convert to Christianity too.
- 8. Admit Slip: What was a serf considered in Medieval Europe?
- 10. Feudalism -a political and social system that emerged largely as a way for kings and nobles to hold onto their land and power during a time of warfare. *based on an agreement between 2 groups 1. nobles and 2. vassals (powerful nobles/lesser nobles) How it worked: 1. Lords gave vassals a fief (land) 2. In return for the land, the vassal (a knight) owed his lord service (Many vassals were warriors known as knights; they fought on behalf of their lord) 3. Vassals also paid taxes to their lord in return for their fief.
- 12. The Manor System -main part of the manor -center was the house -surrounding the manor was the lord's estate -consisted of farmland -serfs worked the land "bound to the soil" -every aspect of life occurred on the manor Town Life -towns returned in 1000 AD -Why? B/C a # of lords became really powerful -people felt safe and secure again -most towns were dirty, cramped, and busy places -Streets were narrow, filthy, and usually not paved -houses were made of wood and easily caught fire -as a result, entire towns burned down
- 13. Knights -also known as vassals, or lesser nobles -fought on behalf of their lord -skilled horse riders and fighters -lived by a code of honor called chivalry -used battering rams and catapults
- 14. Guilds -in towns, people with the same occupation formed groups called guilds -Guilds made rules that controlled the quality/quanity of production
- 15. Task: Finish Lesson 1 & Terms Complete Lesson 2 and Terms on back!
- 16. Quiz 1. Name one geographic feature of Europe 2. What was the order of the Frankish kings? 3. What is feudalism? 4. How was feudal society structured? 5. What are 2 facts about Manor life and 2 facts about Town life? 6.What was the purpose of knights? 7. What was the purpose of guilds?
- 17. Bell Ringer: How was society structured in Europe? Draw the hierarchy. Clear off desk completely...
- 18. Tasks: 1. Complete L1 and L2 Re-teaching Activity 2. Create a personal coat of arms *Turn into Tray!
- 19. Admit Slip: How was feudal society organized in Medieval Europe? Wednesday: Chapter 10: Lesson 3 Thursday: Chapter 10: Lesson 4 Friday- Field Trip Monday: Re-cap Chapter 9 and 10 Tuesday: Review Wednesday: Review Thursday: LAST EXAM Friday: Hands-on Activity
- 20. How did you spend your election day? What do you plan to do this summer? What does it mean to be a "citizen" to you?
- 22. Turn to page 320-321 Why was there conflict between the papacy and the monarch? What is a religious order? Complete the hierarchy chart! Draw an illustration of each Complete terms and names for Chapter 10: lesson 1 (provide an illustration!)